一般我们使用枚举都是用来定义一些常量。比如我们需要一个表示订单类(pc订单、手机订单)的常量,那我们就可以使用枚举来实现,如下:
@AllArgsConstructor
public enum OrderTypeEnum{
PC("PC", "电脑端"),
PHONE("PHONE", "手机端");
private String name;
private String value;
}
接着再写一下根据name查找对应枚举的方法,枚举就算完成了。但比如我们的业务场景是这样的:我们有一个OrderTypeService接口及其实现类。
public interface OrderTypeService {
String processPc(String order);
String processPhone(String order);
}
@Service
public class OrderTypeServiceImpl implements OrderTypeService {
@Override
public String processPc(String order) {
//具体的处理pc订单的业务逻辑
System.out.println("开始处理pc订单:" + order);
return null;
}
@Override
public String processPhone(String order) {
//具体的处理phone订单的业务逻辑
System.out.println("开始处理phone订单:" + order);
return null;
}
}
根据接口的方法名我们一眼就知道,processPc是用来处理PC订单的;processPhone是用来处理PHONE订单的。然后再实际调用这两个方法的地方就需要我们进行if-else的判断。这里的if-else判断的缺点是:代码扩展性很差,如果以后又增加了其它订单类型,我们还需要改这里的if-else逻辑。
if (OrderTypeEnum.PC.equals(orderTypeEnum)) {
orderTypeService.processPc("order");
} else if (OrderTypeEnum.PHONE.equals(orderTypeEnum)) {
orderTypeService.processPhone("order");
}
针对以上if-else判断存在的问题,那我们能不能把调用各自业务逻辑的代码挪到枚举里呢?肯定是可以的,本期我们就来实现一下。
在枚举内定义BeanInjector,再通过PostConstruct注解的方法给枚举的orderTypeService属性注入bean。
@AllArgsConstructor
public enum OrderTypeEnum {
PC("PC", "电脑端") {
@Override
public void handle(String order) {
orderTypeService.processPc(order);
}
},
PHONE("PHONE", "手机端") {
@Override
public void handle(String order) {
orderTypeService.processPhone(order);
}
};
private String name;
private String value;
protected static OrderTypeService orderTypeService;
public abstract void handle(String order);
@Component
public static class BeanInjector {
@Autowired
private OrderTypeService orderTypeService;
@PostConstruct
public void postConstruct() {
OrderTypeEnum.orderTypeService = this.orderTypeService;
}
}
}
调用代码:
OrderTypeEnum pcOrderType = OrderTypeEnum.PC;
pcOrderType.handle("1");
输出结果:
开始处理pc订单:1
@AllArgsConstructor
public enum OrderTypeEnum {
PC("PC", "电脑端") {
@Override
public void handle(String order) {
OrderTypeService orderTypeService = OrderTypeEnum.ApplicationContextProvider.
getApplicationContext().getBean(OrderTypeService.class);
orderTypeService.processPc(order);
}
},
PHONE("PHONE", "手机端") {
@Override
public void handle(String order) {
OrderTypeService orderTypeService = OrderTypeEnum.ApplicationContextProvider.
getApplicationContext().getBean(OrderTypeService.class);
orderTypeService.processPhone(order);
}
};
private String name;
private String value;
public abstract void handle(String order);
@Component
public static class ApplicationContextProvider implements ApplicationContextAware {
private static ApplicationContext context;
@Override
public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
context = applicationContext;
}
public static ApplicationContext getApplicationContext() {
return context;
}
}
}
调用代码同2.1
输出结果同2.1
public enum OrderTypeEnum {
PC("PC", "电脑端") {
@Override
public void handle(String order) {
orderTypeService.processPc(order);
}
},
PHONE("PHONE", "手机端") {
@Override
public void handle(String order) {
orderTypeService.processPhone(order);
}
};
private String name;
private String value;
OrderTypeEnum(String name, String value) {
this.name = name;
this.value = value;
}
public abstract void handle(String order);
@Autowired
OrderTypeService orderTypeService;
}
@Component
public class OrderTypeEnumInjector implements ApplicationContextAware {
@Override
public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
for (OrderTypeEnum orderTypeEnum : OrderTypeEnum.values()) {
applicationContext.getAutowireCapableBeanFactory().autowireBean(orderTypeEnum);
}
}
}
调用代码同2.1
输出结果同2.1
这里重点是使用applicationContext.getAutowireCapableBeanFactory().autowireBean。它可以把枚举中使用了@Autowired注解的字段和applicationContext中的bean根据类型和名称做匹配,匹配到之后就会把bean注入到该字段中。从而枚举中的orderTypeService就有值了。
applicationContext.getAutowireCapableBeanFactory().autowireBean能否给普通的类(没有被spring管理)的字段注入bean呢?答案也是可以的,这里最好把这个普通对象定义成单例的,这样我们给字段注入一次bean就可以一直使用了,否则每次new 的时候还需要重新注入bean。
public class OrderTypeManager {
private OrderTypeManager(){}
private static OrderTypeManager orderTypeManager = null;
public synchronized static OrderTypeManager getInstance(){
if(orderTypeManager == null){
orderTypeManager = new OrderTypeManager();
}
return orderTypeManager;
}
@Autowired
private OrderTypeService orderTypeService;
public void test(){
orderTypeService.processPhone("2");
}
}
如上定义了一个单例的OrderTypeManager,但是OrderTypeManager没有被spring所管理,那我们怎么把OrderTypeService这个bean注入到orderTypeService字段里呢?
@Component
public class OrderTypeEnumInjector implements ApplicationContextAware {
@Override
public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
for (OrderTypeEnum orderTypeEnum : OrderTypeEnum.values()) {
applicationContext.getAutowireCapableBeanFactory().autowireBean(orderTypeEnum);
}
OrderTypeManager orderTypeManager = OrderTypeManager.getInstance();
applicationContext.getAutowireCapableBeanFactory().autowireBean(orderTypeManager);
}
}
调用代码:
OrderTypeManager orderTypeManager = OrderTypeManager.getInstance();
orderTypeManager.test();
输出结果:
开始处理phone订单:2