摘要：这篇文章是Python GUI教程系列的第三篇，将介绍Qt编程中的布局概念及其在Python环境下的实现
STEP 1：认识布局布局是程序组件在界面上的排布规律，比如我们常看到的退出按钮在一个界面的右上角
Qt提供了多种布局方式，包括：绝对定位（像素坐标位置）、框布局、网格布局STEP 2：绝对定位布局
绝对定位布局，顾名思义，就是通过给出对象放置在界面上的绝对像素坐标位置来安排界面# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
该程序实现一个绝对定位布局器
Author: yooongchun
Time: 2018-05-07
"""
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QAction, qApp, QApplication,QWidget,QLabel
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
# 绝对定位布局
class AbsoLoca(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.initUI()
def initUI(self):
lbl1 = QLabel('Hello,it\'s an absolute layout.', self)
lbl1.move(50, 50)
self.setGeometry(500, 500, 500, 300)
self.setWindowTitle('Absolute')
self.show()
if __name__=="__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
ex = AbsoLoca()
sys.exit(app.exec_())STEP 3：框布局
框布局指的是按照你的界面大小让程序组件来自适应水平或者垂直方向的位置及大小# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
该程序实现一个框布局器
Author: yooongchun
Time: 2018-05-02
"""
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QPushButton, QAction, qApp, QApplication,QWidget,QLabel,QHBoxLayout,QVBoxLayout
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
# 框布局
class BoxLoca(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.initUI()
def initUI(self):
okButton = QPushButton("OK")
cancelButton = QPushButton("Cancel")
hbox = QHBoxLayout()
hbox.addStretch(1)
hbox.addWidget(okButton)
hbox.addWidget(cancelButton)
vbox = QVBoxLayout()
vbox.addStretch(1)
vbox.addLayout(hbox)
self.setLayout(vbox)
self.setGeometry(500, 500, 500, 400)
self.setWindowTitle('Buttons')
self.show()
if __name__=="__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
ex = BoxLoca()
sys.exit(app.exec_())STEP 4：网格布局
网格布局将界面按照网格进行划分，然后将组件放置到对应网格中# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
该程序实现一个网格布局器
Author: yooongchun
Time: 2018-05-07
"""
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QPushButton, QAction, qApp, QApplication,QWidget,QLabel,QGridLayout
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
# 网格布局
class GridLoca(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.initUI()
def initUI(self):
grid = QGridLayout()
self.setLayout(grid)
names = ['Cls', 'Bck', '', 'Close', '7', '8', '9', '/', '4', '5', '6', '*', '1', '2', '3', '-', '0', '.', '=',
'+']
positions = [(i, j) for i in range(5) for j in range(4)]
for position, name in zip(positions, names):
if name == '':
continue
button = QPushButton(name)
grid.addWidget(button, *position)
self.move(1200, 750)
self.setWindowTitle('Calculator')
self.show()
if __name__=="__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
ex = GridLoca()
sys.exit(app.exec_())STEP 5：布局复合使用：以上几种布局器可以综合起来一起使用，以设计出更加复杂的界面逻辑# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
该程序实现布局器的复合使用
Author: yooongchun
Time: 2018-05-02
"""
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QPushButton,QWidget,QLineEdit,QTextEdit, QAction, qApp, QApplication,QWidget,QLabel,QGridLayout
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
# 控件复合使用
class MoreLoca(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.initUI()
def initUI(self):
title = QLabel('Title')
author = QLabel('Author')
review = QLabel('Review')
titleEdit = QLineEdit()
authorEdit = QLineEdit()
reviewEdit = QTextEdit()
grid = QGridLayout()
grid.setSpacing(10)
grid.addWidget(title, 1, 0)
grid.addWidget(titleEdit, 1, 1)
grid.addWidget(author, 2, 0)
grid.addWidget(authorEdit, 2, 1)
grid.addWidget(review, 3, 0)
grid.addWidget(reviewEdit, 3, 1, 5, 1)
self.setLayout(grid)
self.setGeometry(500, 500, 1500, 1200)
self.setWindowTitle('Review')
self.show()
if __name__=="__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
ex = MoreLoca()
sys.exit(app.exec_())