树莓派配置 USB 无线网卡来上网的过程。
本人使用的USB无线网卡型号:EP-N8508GS(树莓派专用型号)
一、检查 USB 无线网卡是否已经正确识别
将无线 USB 网卡插入树莓派后启动树莓派,比较不建议热插拔,因为插入的一瞬间会有比较高的电流,如果电源输出不够可能导致树莓派重启。
进入 shell 界面后输入命令 lsusb
如果树莓派已经正常识别,在显示类似于如下的信息中可以看到你的USB无线网卡设备 ID 和芯片型号:
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0bda:8176 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTL8188CUS 802.11n WLAN Adapter
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0424:ec00 Standard Microsystems Corp. SMSC9512/9514 Fast Ethernet Adapter
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0424:9514 Standard Microsystems Corp.
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
如上,我的 pi 已经识别 RTL8188CUS 802.11n WLAN Adapter
再使用 iwconfig
命令确认一下:
wlan0 unassociated Nickname:"<WIFI@REALTEK>"
Mode:Managed Frequency=2.412 GHz Access Point: Not-Associated
Sensitivity:0/0
Retry:off RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off
Power Management:off
Link Quality:0 Signal level:0 Noise level:0
Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0
Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0
lo no wireless extensions.
eth0 no wireless extensions.
如果出现了 wlan0,那说明网卡已经正常工作了,如果这里的显示不正常,请安装连接 wifi 必要的包。
sudo apt-get install wireless-tools wpasupplicant firmware-realtek
二、设置 WIFI
输入如下命令可以搜索附近所有可连接的 WIFI AP:
sudo iwlist wlan0 scan
这边搜到了十几个 wifi 热点,下图是我自己家的:
Cell 09 - Address: 10:0D:7F:45:9E:D9
ESSID:"OpenWrt_2.4G"
Protocol:IEEE 802.11bgn
Mode:Master
Frequency:2.462 GHz (Channel 11)
Encryption key:on
Bit Rates:144 Mb/s
Extra:wpa_ie=dd1a0050f20101000050f20202000050f2040050f20201000050f202
IE: WPA Version 1
Group Cipher : TKIP
Pairwise Ciphers (2) : CCMP TKIP
Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
Extra:rsn_ie=30180100000fac020200000fac04000fac020100000fac020c00
IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
Group Cipher : TKIP
Pairwise Ciphers (2) : CCMP TKIP
Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
Quality=36/100 Signal level=66/100
使用如下命令获得 wifi 设置:
wpa_passphrase SSID 名称 密码
回显如下:
network={
ssid="OpenWrt_2.4G"
#psk=" 密码 "
psk=ff5e84f34e6f496acff05d1a97271508bb4405d5d07864c2dc321941e427f778
}
复制这段回显并保存到自己的配置文件中:
sudo nano /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant . conf
然后配置/etc/network/interfaces
:
sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces
allow-hotplug wlan0
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
pre-up wpa_supplicant -B w -D wext -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
post-down killall -q wpa_supplicant
连接网络:
sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart
sudo ifup wlan0
关闭网络:
sudo ifdown wlan0
三、最后使用命令 iwconfig
和 ifconfig
验证查看连接速度
iwconfig
信息:
wlan0 IEEE 802.11bgn ESSID:"OpenWrt_2.4G" Nickname:"<WIFI@REALTEK>"
Mode:Managed Frequency:2.462 GHz Access Point: 10:0D:7F:45:9E:D9
Bit Rate:65 Mb/s Sensitivity:0/0
Retry:off RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off
Power Management:off
Link Quality=100/100 Signal level=71/100 Noise level=0/100
Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0
Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0
lo no wireless extensions.
eth0 no wireless extensions.
查看 ifconfig
信息:
wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr e8:4e:06:20:03:7c
inet addr:192.168.0.206 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fd1a:b6c5:65ca:0:d10a:30ca:da70:e8c7/64 Scope:Global
inet6 addr: fd1a:b6c5:65ca::c3b/128 Scope:Global
inet6 addr: fe80::733a:6f84:a823:d26a/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:440 errors:0 dropped:27 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:90 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:81492 (79.5 KiB) TX bytes:17685 (17.2 KiB)