实验十五 GUI编程练习与应用程序部署
一：理论部分。
1.Java 程序的打包：编译完成后，程序员将.class 文件压缩打包为 .jar 文件后，GUI 界面序就可以直接双击图标运行。
JAR 文件是压缩的，它使用 ZIP 压缩格式。
创建一个包含清单的 JAR 文件，应该运行：jar cf mMyArchive.jar manifest.mf com/ *.class
2.资源：Java 中，应用程序使的类通常需要一些相关数中，应用程序使的类通常需要一些相关数 据文件，这些称为资源 (Resource) 。
–图像和声音文件。
–带有消息字符串和按钮标签的文本件。
–二进制数据文件，如：描述地图布局的。
2.Eclipse 导出 JAR 文件。
a.工程没有引用外部 jar 包时：直接导出。
b.工程没有引用外部 jar 包时：导出步骤为：
.选中工程 ---- >右键 ，Export--- >Java -- ->JAR file--- >next-- >选择 jar file的路径及名称 -- >next--- >选择 main class --- >finish
3.包密封：要想密封一个包，需将中的所有类放到一个JAR 文件。在默认情况下， JAR 文件中的包是没有 密封的。
4.应用首选项的存储：应用程序户通常期待能够自行对进配置，并能够将其保存起来以便日后再次运行该程序时能够读取这些配置。
一般有两种方法：
a.将配置信息存储在属性文件中；
b.将配置信息存储在 中心知识库。
5.属性映射：属性映射常被用来存放配置信息，是一种存储键 /值对的数据结构。
.属性映射有三个特征：
a.键和值都是字符串；
b.键/值对易于写入文件或从读出； 值对易于写入文件或从读出；
c.用二级表存放默认值。
实现属性映射的 Java 类被称为 Properties 。
6.Java Web Start:它是一个用 Java 编写的应用程序，它是 Sun 公司推出的一项在 Internet 上发布应用程序的技术，通过 Java Web Start 可以使一个应用程序很容易地通过 web 部署在各个平台上，包括 Windows ，Linux ，Solaris。
1、实验目的与要求
(1) 掌握Java应用程序的打包操作；
(2) 了解应用程序存储配置信息的两种方法；
(3) 掌握基于JNLP协议的java Web Start应用程序的发布方法；
(5) 掌握Java GUI 编程技术。
2、实验内容和步骤
实验1： 导入第13章示例程序，测试程序并进行代码注释。
测试程序1
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材585页程序13-1，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 掌握创建JAR文件的方法；
代码如下：
import java.awt.*; import java.io.*; import java.net.*; import java.util.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * @version 1.41 2015-06-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class ResourceTest { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame frame = new ResourceTestFrame(); frame.setTitle("ResourceTest"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); }); } } /** * A frame that loads image and text resources. */ class ResourceTestFrame extends JFrame { private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 300;//定义窗口宽和高 public ResourceTestFrame()//构造器 { setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); URL aboutURL = getClass().getResource("about.gif");//URL来指向about.gif资源地址 Image img = new ImageIcon(aboutURL).getImage();//利用about.gif图像文件制作图标，在找到ResourceTest类的地方查找about.gif文件 setIconImage(img); JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea();//创建文本区 InputStream stream = getClass().getResourceAsStream("about.txt");//读取about.txt文件 try (Scanner in = new Scanner(stream, "UTF-8")) { while (in.hasNext()) textArea.append(in.nextLine() + "\n"); } add(textArea); } }
程序中用到如下资源：
程序运行结果入如下：
测试程序2
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材583页-584程序13-2，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 了解Properties类中常用的方法；
代码如下：
package properties; import java.awt.EventQueue; import java.awt.event.*; import java.io.*; import java.util.Properties; import javax.swing.*; /** * A program to test properties. The program remembers the frame position, size, * and title. * @version 1.01 2015-06-16 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class PropertiesTest { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { PropertiesFrame frame = new PropertiesFrame(); frame.setVisible(true); }); } } /** * A frame that restores position and size from a properties file and updates * the properties upon exit. */ class PropertiesFrame extends JFrame//继承类：实现属性映射 { private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;//定义宽和高 private File propertiesFile; private Properties settings; public PropertiesFrame()//构造器 { // 从属性获取位置、大小、标题 String userDir = System.getProperty("user.home");//（读取单个键）找出用户的主目录，主目录包含user.home File propertiesDir = new File(userDir, ".corejava"); if (!propertiesDir.exists()) propertiesDir.mkdir(); propertiesFile = new File(propertiesDir, "program.properties"); //把所有默认值放在一个二级属性映射中，并在主属性映射的构造器中提供这个二级属性 Properties defaultSettings = new Properties(); defaultSettings.setProperty("left", "0"); defaultSettings.setProperty("top", "0"); defaultSettings.setProperty("width", "" + DEFAULT_WIDTH); defaultSettings.setProperty("height", "" + DEFAULT_HEIGHT); defaultSettings.setProperty("title", ""); settings = new Properties(defaultSettings); if (propertiesFile.exists()) try (InputStream in = new FileInputStream(propertiesFile)) { settings.load(in); } catch (IOException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } int left = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("left")); int top = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("top")); int width = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("width")); int height = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("height")); setBounds(left, top, width, height); //如果没有标题，询问用户 String title = settings.getProperty("title"); if (title.equals("")) title = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please supply a frame title:"); if (title == null) title = ""; setTitle(title); addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { public void windowClosing(WindowEvent event) { settings.setProperty("left", "" + getX()); settings.setProperty("top", "" + getY()); settings.setProperty("width", "" + getWidth()); settings.setProperty("height", "" + getHeight()); settings.setProperty("title", getTitle()); try (OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(propertiesFile)) { settings.store(out, "Program Properties"); } catch (IOException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } System.exit(0); } }); } }
运行结果如下：
测试程序3
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材593页-594程序13-3，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
了解Preferences类中常用的方法；
程序如下：
package preferences; import java.awt.*; import java.io.*; import java.util.prefs.*; import javax.swing.*; import javax.swing.filechooser.*; /** * A program to test preference settings. The program remembers the frame * position, size, and title. * @version 1.03 2015-06-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class PreferencesTest { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { PreferencesFrame frame = new PreferencesFrame(); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); }); } } /** * A frame that restores position and size from user preferences and updates the * preferences upon exit. */ class PreferencesFrame extends JFrame { private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200; private Preferences root = Preferences.userRoot();//定义根节点 private Preferences node = root.node("/com/horstmann/corejava");//定义节点路径名 public PreferencesFrame()//构造器 { //从偏好获得位置、大小、标题 int left = node.getInt("left", 0); int top = node.getInt("top", 0); int width = node.getInt("width", DEFAULT_WIDTH); int height = node.getInt("height", DEFAULT_HEIGHT); setBounds(left, top, width, height); // if no title given, ask user String title = node.get("title", ""); if (title.equals("")) title = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please supply a frame title:"); if (title == null) title = ""; setTitle(title); // 设置显示XML文件的文件选择器 final JFileChooser chooser = new JFileChooser(); chooser.setCurrentDirectory(new File(".")); chooser.setFileFilter(new FileNameExtensionFilter("XML files", "xml")); //设置菜单 JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar(); setJMenuBar(menuBar); JMenu menu = new JMenu("File"); menuBar.add(menu); JMenuItem exportItem = new JMenuItem("Export preferences"); menu.add(exportItem); exportItem .addActionListener(event -> { if (chooser.showSaveDialog(PreferencesFrame.this) == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION) { try { savePreferences(); OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(chooser .getSelectedFile()); node.exportSubtree(out); out.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); JMenuItem importItem = new JMenuItem("Import preferences"); menu.add(importItem); importItem .addActionListener(event -> { if (chooser.showOpenDialog(PreferencesFrame.this) == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION) { try { InputStream in = new FileInputStream(chooser .getSelectedFile()); Preferences.importPreferences(in); in.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); JMenuItem exitItem = new JMenuItem("Exit"); menu.add(exitItem); exitItem.addActionListener(event -> { savePreferences(); System.exit(0); }); } public void savePreferences() { node.putInt("left", getX()); node.putInt("top", getY()); node.putInt("width", getWidth()); node.putInt("height", getHeight()); node.put("title", getTitle()); } }
运行结果如图：
测试程序4
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材619页-622程序13-6，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 掌握基于JNLP协议的java Web Start应用程序的发布方法。
程序如下：
package webstart;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
/**
* A calculator with a calculation history that can be deployed as a Java Web Start application.
* @version 1.04 2015-06-12
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class Calculator
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
CalculatorFrame frame = new CalculatorFrame();
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
});
}
}
package webstart;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import javax.jnlp.BasicService;
import javax.jnlp.FileContents;
import javax.jnlp.FileOpenService;
import javax.jnlp.FileSaveService;
import javax.jnlp.PersistenceService;
import javax.jnlp.ServiceManager;
import javax.jnlp.UnavailableServiceException;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JMenu;
import javax.swing.JMenuBar;
import javax.swing.JMenuItem;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
/**
* A frame with a calculator panel and a menu to load and save the calculator history.
*/
public class CalculatorFrame extends JFrame
{
private CalculatorPanel panel;
public CalculatorFrame()
{
setTitle();
panel = new CalculatorPanel();
add(panel);
JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu("File");
JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
menuBar.add(fileMenu);
setJMenuBar(menuBar);
JMenuItem openItem = fileMenu.add("Open");
openItem.addActionListener(event -> open());
JMenuItem saveItem = fileMenu.add("Save");
saveItem.addActionListener(event -> save());
pack();
}
/**
* Gets the title from the persistent store or asks the user for the title if there is no prior
* entry.
*/
public void setTitle()
{
try
{
String title = null;
BasicService basic = (BasicService) ServiceManager.lookup("javax.jnlp.BasicService");
URL codeBase = basic.getCodeBase();
PersistenceService service = (PersistenceService) ServiceManager
.lookup("javax.jnlp.PersistenceService");
URL key = new URL(codeBase, "title");
try
{
FileContents contents = service.get(key);
InputStream in = contents.getInputStream();
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
title = reader.readLine();
}
catch (FileNotFoundException e)
{
title = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please supply a frame title:");
if (title == null) return;
service.create(key, 100);
FileContents contents = service.get(key);
OutputStream out = contents.getOutputStream(true);
PrintStream printOut = new PrintStream(out);
printOut.print(title);
}
setTitle(title);
}
catch (UnavailableServiceException | IOException e)
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
}
}
/**
* Opens a history file and updates the display.
*/
public void open()
{
try
{
FileOpenService service = (FileOpenService) ServiceManager
.lookup("javax.jnlp.FileOpenService");
FileContents contents = service.openFileDialog(".", new String[] { "txt" });
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, contents.getName());
if (contents != null)
{
InputStream in = contents.getInputStream();
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null)
{
panel.append(line);
panel.append("\n");
}
}
}
catch (UnavailableServiceException e)
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
}
}
/**
* Saves the calculator history to a file.
*/
public void save()
{
try
{
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
PrintStream printOut = new PrintStream(out);
printOut.print(panel.getText());
InputStream data = new ByteArrayInputStream(out.toByteArray());
FileSaveService service = (FileSaveService) ServiceManager
.lookup("javax.jnlp.FileSaveService");
service.saveFileDialog(".", new String[] { "txt" }, data, "calc.txt");
}
catch (UnavailableServiceException e)
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
}
}
}
package webstart;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.text.*;
/**
A panel with calculator buttons and a result display.
*/
public class CalculatorPanel extends JPanel
{
private JTextArea display;
private JPanel panel;
private double result;
private String lastCommand;
private boolean start;
/**
Lays out the panel.
*/
public CalculatorPanel()
{
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
result = 0;
lastCommand = "=";
start = true;
// add the display
display = new JTextArea(10, 20);
add(new JScrollPane(display), BorderLayout.NORTH);
ActionListener insert = new InsertAction();
ActionListener command = new CommandAction();
// add the buttons in a 4 x 4 grid
panel = new JPanel();
panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(4, 4));
addButton("7", insert);
addButton("8", insert);
addButton("9", insert);
addButton("/", command);
addButton("4", insert);
addButton("5", insert);
addButton("6", insert);
addButton("*", command);
addButton("1", insert);
addButton("2", insert);
addButton("3", insert);
addButton("-", command);
addButton("0", insert);
addButton(".", insert);
addButton("=", command);
addButton("+", command);
add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
}
/**
Gets the history text.
@return the calculator history
*/
public String getText()
{
return display.getText();
}
/**
Appends a string to the history text.
@param s the string to append
*/
public void append(String s)
{
display.append(s);
}
/**
Adds a button to the center panel.
@param label the button label
@param listener the button listener
*/
private void addButton(String label, ActionListener listener)
{
JButton button = new JButton(label);
button.addActionListener(listener);
panel.add(button);
}
/**
This action inserts the button action string to the
end of the display text.
*/
private class InsertAction implements ActionListener
{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
{
String input = event.getActionCommand();
start = false;
display.append(input);
}
}
/**
This action executes the command that the button
action string denotes.
*/
private class CommandAction implements ActionListener
{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
{
String command = event.getActionCommand();
if (start)
{
if (command.equals("-"))
{
display.append(command);
start = false;
}
else
lastCommand = command;
}
else
{
try
{
int lines = display.getLineCount();
int lineStart = display.getLineStartOffset(lines - 1);
int lineEnd = display.getLineEndOffset(lines - 1);
String value = display.getText(lineStart, lineEnd - lineStart);
display.append(" ");
display.append(command);
calculate(Double.parseDouble(value));
if (command.equals("="))
display.append("\n" + result);
lastCommand = command;
display.append("\n");
start = true;
}
catch (BadLocationException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
/**
Carries out the pending calculation.
@param x the value to be accumulated with the prior result.
*/
public void calculate(double x)
{
if (lastCommand.equals("+")) result += x;
else if (lastCommand.equals("-")) result -= x;
else if (lastCommand.equals("*")) result *= x;
else if (lastCommand.equals("/")) result /= x;
else if (lastCommand.equals("=")) result = x;
}
}
代码出现错误
实验2：GUI综合编程练习
按实验十四分组名单，组内讨论完成以下编程任务：
练习1：采用GUI界面设计以下程序，并进行部署与发布：
l 编制一个程序，将身份证号.txt 中的信息读入到内存中；
l 按姓名字典序输出人员信息；
l 查询最大年龄的人员信息；
l 查询最小年龄人员信息；
l 输入你的年龄，查询身份证号.txt中年龄与你最近人的姓名、身份证号、年龄、性别和出生地；
l 查询人员中是否有你的同乡。
l 输入身份证信息，查询所提供身份证号的人员信息，要求输入一个身份证数字时，查询界面就显示满足查询条件的查询结果，且随着输入的数字的增多，查询匹配的范围逐渐缩小。
程序如下：
package demo1;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
public class ButtonTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
JFrame frame = new Main();
frame.setTitle("身份证");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
});
}
}
package demo1;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class Main extends JFrame {
private static ArrayList<Student> studentlist;
private static ArrayList<Student> list;
private JPanel panel;
private JPanel buttonPanel;
private static final int DEFAULT_WITH = 600;
private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 300;
public Main() {
studentlist = new ArrayList<>();
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
File file = new File("C:\\Users\\ASUS\\Desktop\\身份证号.txt");
try {
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
String temp = null;
while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) {
Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp);
linescanner.useDelimiter(" ");
String name = linescanner.next();
String number = linescanner.next();
String sex = linescanner.next();
String age = linescanner.next();
String province = linescanner.nextLine();
Student student = new Student();
student.setName(name);
student.setnumber(number);
student.setsex(sex);
int a = Integer.parseInt(age);
student.setage(a);
student.setprovince(province);
studentlist.add(student);
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println("学生信息文件找不到");
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("学生信息文件读取错误");
e.printStackTrace();
}
panel = new JPanel();
panel.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
JTextArea jt = new JTextArea();
panel.add(jt);
add(panel, BorderLayout.NORTH);
buttonPanel = new JPanel();
buttonPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 7));
JButton jButton = new JButton("字典排序");
JButton jButton1 = new JButton("年龄最大和年龄最小");
JLabel lab = new JLabel("猜猜你的老乡");
JTextField jt1 = new JTextField();
JLabel lab1 = new JLabel("找找同龄人（年龄相近）：");
JTextField jt2 = new JTextField();
JLabel lab2 = new JLabel("输入你的身份证号码：");
JTextField jt3 = new JTextField();
JButton jButton2 = new JButton("退出");
jButton.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30);
jButton1.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30);
jt1.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30);
jt2.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30);
jt3.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30);
jButton2.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30);
jButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
Collections.sort(studentlist);
jt.setText(studentlist.toString());
}
});
jButton1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
int max = 0, min = 100;
int j, k1 = 0, k2 = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {
j = studentlist.get(i).getage();
if (j > max) {
max = j;
k1 = i;
}
if (j < min) {
min = j;
k2 = i;
}
}
jt.setText("年龄最大：" + studentlist.get(k1) + "年龄最小：" + studentlist.get(k2));
}
});
jButton2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
dispose();
System.exit(0);
}
});
jt1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
String find = jt1.getText();
String text="";
String place = find.substring(0, 3);
for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {
if (studentlist.get(i).getprovince().substring(1, 4).equals(place)) {
text+="\n"+studentlist.get(i);
jt.setText("老乡：" + text);
}
}
}
});
jt2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
String yourage = jt2.getText();
int a = Integer.parseInt(yourage);
int near = agenear(a);
int value = a - studentlist.get(near).getage();
jt.setText("年龄相近：" + studentlist.get(near));
}
});
jt3.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
list = new ArrayList<>();
Collections.sort(studentlist);
String key = jt3.getText();
for (int i = 1; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {
if (studentlist.get(i).getnumber().contains(key)) {
list.add(studentlist.get(i));
jt.setText("emmm！你可能是：\n" + list);
//System.out.println("可能的人：" + studentlist.get(i));
//jt.setText("可能的人：" + studentlist.get(i));
}
}
}
});
buttonPanel.add(jButton);
buttonPanel.add(jButton1);
buttonPanel.add(lab);
buttonPanel.add(jt1);
buttonPanel.add(lab1);
buttonPanel.add(jt2);
buttonPanel.add(lab2);
buttonPanel.add(jt3);
buttonPanel.add(jButton2);
add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
setSize(DEFAULT_WITH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
}
public static int agenear(int age) {
int min = 53, value = 0, k = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {
value = studentlist.get(i).getage() - age;
if (value < 0)
value = -value;
if (value < min) {
min = value;
k = i;
}
}
return k;
}
}
package demo1;
public class Student implements Comparable<Student> {
private String name;
private String number ;
private String sex ;
private int age;
private String province;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getnumber() {
return number;
}
public void setnumber(String number) {
this.number = number;
}
public String getsex() {
return sex ;
}
public void setsex(String sex ) {
this.sex =sex ;
}
public int getage() {
return age;
}
public void setage(int age) {
// int a = Integer.parseInt(age);
this.age= age;
}
public String getprovince() {
return province;
}
public void setprovince(String province) {
this.province=province ;
}
public int compareTo(Student o) {
return this.name.compareTo(o.getName());
}
public String toString() {
return name+"\t"+sex+"\t"+age+"\t"+number+"\t"+province+"\n";
}
}
测试结果如下
运行结果：
字典排序：
1.查询最大年龄的人员信息；
2.查询最小年龄人员信息；
找老乡：
年龄相近的人：
输入身份证信息，查询所提供身份证号的人员信息，要求输入一个身份证数字时，查询界面就显示满足查询条件的查询结果，且随着输入的数字的增多，查询匹配的范围逐渐缩小。
输入数字2时：
输入数字26时：
输入数字265时：
练习2：采用GUI界面设计以下程序，并进行部署与发布
l 编写一个计算器类，可以完成加、减、乘、除的操作
l 利用计算机类，设计一个小学生100以内数的四则运算练习程序，由计算机随机产生10道加减乘除练习题，学生输入答案，由程序检查答案是否正确，每道题正确计10分，错误不计分，10道题测试结束后给出测试总分；
l 将程序中测试练习题及学生答题结果输出到文件，文件名为test.txt。
程序如下：
package ui_test;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import javax.swing.*;
public class MyExGUI extends JFrame {
ArrayList<String> user_zongti = new ArrayList<String>();
ArrayList<String> user_zonganswer = new ArrayList<String>();
ArrayList<String> user_answer = new ArrayList<String>();
ArrayList<String> true_answer = new ArrayList<String>();
ArrayList<String> jta_timu = new ArrayList<String>();
ArrayList<String> jta_zong = new ArrayList<String>();
ArrayList<Integer> user_fenshu = new ArrayList<Integer>();
JMenuBar jm; // 菜单条组件
JMenu menu;// 菜单
JMenuItem item1, item2;// 菜单项
JMenu build; // 二级菜单
JMenuItem file, project;
TextArea answer_all = new TextArea();
TextField jta = new TextField();
TextField jta_answer = new TextField();
JLabel num_answer = new JLabel();
JLabel answer;
JToolBar jtb;// 工具条
JButton jb1, jb2, jb3, jb4, jb5, jb6, jb7, jb_next;
int answer_count;
int answer_fenshu;
public MyExGUI() {
// 创建菜单
jm = new JMenuBar();
menu = new JMenu("文件(F)");
menu.setMnemonic('f'); // 助记符
build = new JMenu("新建");
file = new JMenuItem("文件");
project = new JMenuItem("答题");
item1 = new JMenuItem("保存(S)");
item2 = new JMenuItem("退出");
answer = new JLabel("第 1 题");
// 添加菜单项至菜单上
build.add(file);
build.add(project);
menu.add(build);
menu.add(item1);
menu.add(item2);
menu.addSeparator();
// 将菜单加入至菜单栏
jm.add(menu);
JPanel contentPanel = new JPanel();
contentPanel.setLayout(null);
JLabel daan = new JLabel("答案");
JLabel dengyu = new JLabel("=");
num_answer = answer;
num_answer.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 22));
jb_next = new JButton("下一题");
jta.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 22));
jta_answer.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 22));
jb_next.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 22));
daan.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 22));
dengyu.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 22));
contentPanel.add(num_answer);
contentPanel.add(daan);
contentPanel.add(dengyu);
contentPanel.add(jta);
contentPanel.add(jta_answer);
contentPanel.add(answer_all);
contentPanel.add(jb_next);
num_answer.setBounds(90, 20, 130, 50);
daan.setBounds(250, 20, 90, 50);
jta.setBounds(50, 70, 150, 30);
dengyu.setBounds(205, 70, 20, 20);
jta_answer.setBounds(230, 70, 100, 30);
jb_next.setBounds(350, 70, 110, 30);
answer_all.setBounds(50, 120, 400, 300);
this.setJMenuBar(jm); // 添加菜单栏，不能设定位置，会自动放在最上部
this.add(contentPanel);
this.setTitle("在线答题系统");
this.setSize(600, 500);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
item1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
FileOutputStream outSTr = null;
BufferedOutputStream Buff = null;
boolean flag = true;
File file;
// String test ;
do {
// test = "test"+count;
String inputValue = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please input file name");
file = new File(inputValue + "test.txt");
if (!file.exists()) {
// 创建文件
try {
flag = file.createNewFile();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
flag = false;
} else {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "该文件名已存在，请重新输入", "ERROR", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
flag = true;
}
} while (flag);
// 写入文件
String u_answer;
try {
outSTr = new FileOutputStream(file);
Buff = new BufferedOutputStream(outSTr);
System.out.println("选择是后执行的代码" + user_zongti.size() + user_answer.size());
for (int i = 0; i < user_zongti.size(); i++) {
try {
Buff.write(user_zongti.get(i).getBytes());
Buff.write(" ".getBytes());
u_answer = user_answer.get(i);
if (u_answer.equals(""))
u_answer = "没有作答";
Buff.write(u_answer.getBytes());
Buff.write("\r\n".getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
i--;
}
}
Buff.flush();
Buff.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
outSTr.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
user_zongti.clear();
user_answer.clear();
}
});
project.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
arithmetic art = new arithmetic();
true_answer = art.list_answer;
jta_timu = art.list_timu;
jta_zong = art.list;
answer_count = 1;
answer_all.setText("");
for (int i = 0; i < art.list_timu.size(); i++) {
user_zongti.add(jta_zong.get(i));
answer_all.append(jta_timu.get(i));
answer_all.append("\r\n");
}
num_answer.setText("第 " + answer_count + " 题");
jta.setText(jta_timu.get(answer_count - 1));
answer_count++;
}
});
jb_next.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
String temp;
temp = jta_answer.getText();
if (jta.getText().equals("")) {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "错误,请导入题库", "错误", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
return;
}
jta_answer.setText("");
if (answer_count <= 10) {
if (isInteger(temp)) {
user_answer.add(temp);
System.out.println("选择否后执行的代码" + temp + "user_size" + user_answer.size());
num_answer.setText("第 " + answer_count + " 题");
jta.setText(jta_timu.get(answer_count - 1));
answer_count++;
} else {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "错误", "请输入数字", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
}
} else {
user_answer.add(temp);
System.out.println("选择否后执行的代码" + temp + "user_size" + user_answer.size());
answer_fenshu = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < user_answer.size(); i++) {
if (user_answer.get(i).equals(true_answer.get(i)))
answer_fenshu += 5;
}
user_fenshu.add(answer_fenshu);
Object[] options = { "是", "取消" };
int res = JOptionPane.showOptionDialog(null, "是否查看成绩", "答题完毕", JOptionPane.DEFAULT_OPTION,
JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION, null, options, options[0]);
if (res == JOptionPane.YES_OPTION) {
chart ct = new chart(user_fenshu);
ct.setVisible(true);
} else {
Object[] option = { "是", "取消" };
int res1 = JOptionPane.showOptionDialog(null, "是否退出程序", "终止框", JOptionPane.DEFAULT_OPTION,
JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION, null, option, option[0]);
if (res1 == JOptionPane.YES_OPTION) {
dispose();
System.exit(0);
} else {
}
}
}
}
});
item2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
dispose();
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
public static boolean isInteger(String str) {
for (int i = str.length(); --i >= 0;) {
if (!Character.isDigit(str.charAt(i))) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
}
package ui_test;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyExGUI lg = new MyExGUI();
//new MyExGUI();
}
}
package ui_test;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class arithmetic {
ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
ArrayList<String> list_timu = new ArrayList<String>();
ArrayList<String> list_answer = new ArrayList<String>();
public arithmetic() {
FileOutputStream outSTr = null;
BufferedOutputStream Buff = null;
int number_n = 10, count;
ArrayList<String> list_temp = new ArrayList<String>();
String[] operator = new String[] { "+", "-", "*", "/" };
Random rand = new Random();
File file1 = new File("test.txt");
if (file1.exists()) {
// 创建文件
try {
file1.createNewFile();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
while (number_n > 0) {
int[] number_temp = new int[rand.nextInt(2) + 3];
String[] str_temp = new String[number_temp.length - 1];
for (int i = 0; i < number_temp.length; i++) {
if (i < number_temp.length - 1) {
number_temp[i] = rand.nextInt(100);
list_temp.add(String.valueOf(number_temp[i]));
str_temp[i] = operator[rand.nextInt(4)];
list_temp.add(str_temp[i]);
}
else {
number_temp[i] = rand.nextInt(100);
list_temp.add(String.valueOf(number_temp[i]));
}
}
count = calculate_RPN(produce_RPN(list_temp));
if (count != -1) {
list_timu.add(transform_string(list_temp));
list_answer.add(String.valueOf(count));
list_temp.add(" = " + count);
list.add(transform_string(list_temp));
number_n--;
list_temp.clear();
} else
list_temp.clear();
System.out.println(number_n);
}
try {
outSTr = new FileOutputStream(file1);
Buff = new BufferedOutputStream(outSTr);
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
try {
Buff.write(list.get(i).getBytes());
Buff.write("\r\n".getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
i--;
}
}
Buff.flush();
Buff.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// Buff.close();
try {
outSTr.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
System.out.print(list.get(i));
System.out.println();
}
System.out.print("计算完毕！");
}
public static int calculate_RPN(ArrayList<String> list_temp) {
int i = 0, t;
double a = 0, b = 0;
String l_temp;
Stack sk = new Stack(10);
for (t = 0; t < list_temp.size(); t++) {
l_temp = list_temp.get(i++);
if (!isInteger(l_temp)) {
b = sk.mypop();
a = sk.mypop();
switch (l_temp) {
case "+":
sk.mypush(a + b);
break;
case "-":
if(!(a<b)) {
sk.mypush(a - b);
}
else
return -1;
break;
case "*":
sk.mypush(a * b);
break;
case "/":
if (b == 0||a<b)
return -1;
sk.mypush(a / b);
break;
}
System.out.println("st.mytop: " + sk.mypeek());
} else {
sk.mypush((double) Integer.parseInt(l_temp));
}
}
if (!sk.myisempty()) {
a = sk.mypop();
b = a - (int) a;
System.out.println("a: " + a);
if (a > 0 && b == 0) {
return (int) a;
} else
return -1;
} else
return -1;
}
public static ArrayList<String> produce_RPN(ArrayList<String> list_temp) {
int t = 0, i = 0;
String tmp;
Tack mytack = new Tack(10);
ArrayList<String> lt_temp = new ArrayList<String>();
while (true) {
tmp = list_temp.get(i++);
if (isInteger(tmp)) {
lt_temp.add(tmp);
} else {
if (mytack.myisempty()) {
mytack.mypush(tmp);
}
else {
if (isCPriority(tmp, mytack.mypeek()))
mytack.mypush(tmp);
else {
lt_temp.add(mytack.mypop());
mytack.mypush(tmp);
}
}
}
if (i >= list_temp.size()) {
while (!mytack.myisempty())
lt_temp.add(mytack.mypop());
System.out.println(transform_string(list_temp));
list_temp = lt_temp;
System.out.println(list_temp);
return list_temp;
}
}
}
public static boolean isInteger(String str) {
for (int i = str.length(); --i >= 0;) {
if (!Character.isDigit(str.charAt(i))) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
public static boolean isCPriority(String str, String s) {
if ((str + s).equals("*+") || (str + s).equals("*-") || (str + s).equals("/+") || (str + s).equals("/-"))
return true;
else
return false;
}
public static String transform_string(ArrayList<String> list_temp) {
String s = "";
for (int i = 0; i < list_temp.size(); i++) {
s += list_temp.get(i);
}
return s;
}
static class Stack {
int mytop;
double stk[];
public Stack(int num) {
mytop = -1;
stk = new double[num];
}
/* 出栈 */
double mypop() {
double peek = stk[mytop];
mytop--;
return peek;
}
/* 入栈 */
void mypush(double x) {
mytop++;
stk[mytop] = x;
}
/* 判空 */
Boolean myisempty() {
if (mytop == -1)
return true;
else
return false;
}
/* 取栈顶元素 */
double mypeek() {
double peek = stk[mytop];
return peek;
}
/* 栈大小 */
int mysize() {
return mytop + 1;
}
}
static class Tack {
int mytop;
String tk[];
public Tack(int num) {
mytop = -1;
tk = new String[num];
}
/* 出栈 */
String mypop() {
String peek = tk[mytop];
mytop--;
return peek;
}
/* 入栈 */
void mypush(String x) {
mytop++;
tk[mytop] = x;
}
/* 判空 */
Boolean myisempty() {
if (mytop == -1)
return true;
else
return false;
}
/* 取栈顶元素 */
String mypeek() {
String peek = tk[mytop];
return peek;
}
/* 栈大小 */
int mysize() {
return mytop + 1;
}
}
}
package ui_test;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
public class chart extends JFrame{
//绘制柱形统计图
ArrayList<Integer> ran=new ArrayList<Integer>();
public chart(ArrayList<Integer> scores)
{
super();
getContentPane().setForeground(Color.CYAN);
setForeground(Color.CYAN);
setBackground(Color.CYAN);
for(int i=0;i<scores.size();i++)
{
ran.add(scores.get(i));
System.out.println(scores.get(i));
}
setTitle("绘制柱形图");
setSize(600, 400);
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g){
int Width = getWidth();
int Height = getHeight();
int leftMargin = 20;//柱形图左边界
int topMargin = 50;//柱形图上边界
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g;
g2.setColor(Color.WHITE);//绘制白色背景
g2.fillRect(0, 0, Width, Height-100);//绘制矩形图
g2.setColor(Color.black);
for(int i=0;i<=10;i++)
{
//绘制灰色横线和百分比
g2.drawString((100-10*i)+" ", 15, topMargin+30*i);
g2.drawLine(10, topMargin+30*i, Width, topMargin+30*i);//绘制灰色横线
}
g2.setColor(Color.RED);
for(int i=0;i<=ran.size();i++)
{
//绘制柱形图
int step = (i+1)*40;//设置每个柱形图的水平间隔为40
//绘制矩形
g2.fillRoundRect(leftMargin+step*2-5,(100-ran.get(i))*3+50, 40, 300-(100-ran.get(i))*3, 40, 10);
//列出测试轮数
g2.drawString("第"+(i+1)+"轮", leftMargin+step*2, 380);
}
}
}
运行结果：
选择答题：
答题完毕后，按照提示可查询成绩：
点击文件菜单中的“保存”选项，可保存答题记录：
正确答案：
答题记录：
三：实验总结。
最近学习的都是基于图形用户界面的知识内容，即采用图形方式显示的计算机操作用户界面，相比使用命令行，图形界面更清晰明了。但在学习过程中，出现了很多问题，相比之前学习时只学习一个点的知识内容，现在的需要结合各种内容在一起，就要比以前学的复杂而且感觉不太好理解。课后自己运行程序时，对一些程序还不理解，希望老师能多讲解一下程序，自己也会继续学习。