1、priority_queue概述
priority_queue是一个拥有权值观念的queue,它允许加入新元素、移除旧元素、审视元素值等功能。由于这是一个queue,所以只允许在底部加入元素,并从顶端取出元素,除此之外别无其他存取元素的途经。priority_queue带有权值观念,其内的元素并非依照被推入的次序排列,而是自动依照元素的权值排列,权值最高者,排在最前面。
priority_queue是利用heap完成,heap是一个以vector表现的完全二叉树。priority_queue是以heap为底部容器完成所有工作,所以priority_queue是配接器(adapter)。priority_queue不提供遍历功能,也不提供迭代器。
template <class T, class Sequence = vector<T>,
class Compare = less<typename Sequence::value_type> >
template <class T, class Sequence, class Compare>
class priority_queue {
public:
typedef typename Sequence::value_type value_type;
typedef typename Sequence::size_type size_type;
typedef typename Sequence::reference reference;
typedef typename Sequence::const_reference const_reference;
protected:
Sequence c;
Compare comp;
public:
priority_queue() : c() {}
explicit priority_queue(const Compare& x) : c(), comp(x) {}
template <class InputIterator>
priority_queue(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, const Compare& x)
: c(first, last), comp(x) { make_heap(c.begin(), c.end(), comp); }
template <class InputIterator>
priority_queue(InputIterator first, InputIterator last)
: c(first, last) { make_heap(c.begin(), c.end(), comp); }
priority_queue(const value_type* first, const value_type* last,
const Compare& x) : c(first, last), comp(x) {
make_heap(c.begin(), c.end(), comp);
}
priority_queue(const value_type* first, const value_type* last)
: c(first, last) { make_heap(c.begin(), c.end(), comp); }
bool empty() const { return c.empty(); }
size_type size() const { return c.size(); }
const_reference top() const { return c.front(); }
void push(const value_type& x) {
__STL_TRY {
c.push_back(x);
push_heap(c.begin(), c.end(), comp);
}
__STL_UNWIND(c.clear());
}
void pop() {
__STL_TRY {
pop_heap(c.begin(), c.end(), comp);
c.pop_back();
}
__STL_UNWIND(c.clear());
}
};