Unit 1 Will people have robots?
人类将会拥有机器人吗?
一般将来时。
1.由“Will/Shall+动词原形” 构成的一般将来时.系动词 am、 is、 are 的原形都是 be.如: It will be very hot tomorrow. Shall 适用于第一人称 I、 We; Will 适用于所有人称, 通常可以用will 来代替 shall. Will、 Shall 均可缩写为’ll.如 I will=I’ll; she will=she’ll.否定句形式: will not=won’t, shall not=shan’t .
2.与一般将来时连用的时间状语有: tomorrow、 the day after tomorrow、 next week、 soon、 in the future、 in three days、 some day.
3.There be 句型中的一般将来时。
There will be+名词+其他成分 如: There will be fewer cars.yo
4.形容词 more、 fewer、 和 less 的用法。
More 更多的 原形 many 和 much. 修饰 C 复数或 U.
Fewer 更少的 原形 few. 修饰 C 复数。
Less 更少的 原形 little. 修饰 U.
Unit2 What should I do?
我应该做什么?
1.情态动词 should.
Should 和 can、 may、 must 等情态动词一样, 无人称和数的变化, 后接动词原形, 能独立构成疑问句和否定句。如: Who should pay the taxes? You shouldn’t play football in the street.
2.情态动词 could.
单独的情态动词, 表“能, 可以” 。用来提供建议, 后跟动词原形.它和 should 都用来提供建议。如: ----I will take part in a party tomorrow night, but my clothes are out of style. I need some
money to buy some clothes in style. What should I do?
----You could borrow some money from your friends.
----No, I don’t like to do that.
----Then you should get a part-time job and make some money.
3.提建议。
○1 You should/could +do … 你应该/可以…
○2 Why not +do…? 为什么不 …? 做…怎么样?
○3 Why don’t you +do…? 你为什么不 …?
○4 What/How about +doing …? …如何?
Unit3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
当飞碟到达的时候你在干什么?
过去进行时。
1. 过去进行时表在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作.是由“was/were+现在分词” 构成。was 用于第一、 三人称单数, were 用于其他人称。与过去进行时连用的过去时间状语有: at this/that time、 yesterday morning、 at that moment、 at 10 o’clock lastnight 等。
2. 过去进行时还可表在过去某个时间即将发生的动作.主要限于 come、 go、 leave、 meet、arrive、 take off等动词。
3. 判断句子是否用过去进行时。
○1 根据时间状语判断: at eight/ten o’clock last night、 at this/that time yesterday、 at ten yesterday evening、 from 7 to 10 yesterday evening 等。
○2 根据 when或 while 引导的状语从句判断, 如: I was reading the newspaper when my father got home。
○3 根据上下文的意思判断, 如: Last night, I was watching TV. Suddenly(突然) the light was out.
4. when 与 while 在过去进行时中的句型结构.
(1) when 的用法:
1 when 从句(一般过去时)+主句(过去进行时)
动作: fell into the sea、 fishing.
例句: When one of them fell into the sea, the boys were fishing.
意义: 主句动作正在进行过程中, 又发生从句动作。
2 when 从句(过去进行时) +主句(一般现在时)
动作: walking、 dropped down to.
例句: When I was walking in the park, my wallet dropped down to the ground.
意义: 从句动作正在进行时, 又有主句动作发生。
(2) while 的用法:
1 while 从句(过去进行时) +主句(一般现在时)
动作: watching、 began to rain.
例句: While I was watching the football game, it began to rain.
意义: 从句动作正在进行时, 又发生主句动作。
2 While 从句(过去进行时) +主句(过去进行时)
动作: washing、 cooking.
例句: While Dad was washing his car, Mum was cooking.
意义: 从句动作正在进行的同时, 主句动作也在进行中。
5. 特别提示.
When 引导的从句既可表某一点时间, 后接瞬间性动词(when 句型◇1 ); 又可表某一段时间,后接延续性动词。也就是说:当指一段时间时, when 可用 while 代替; 但当指一点时间时, when不能用 while 代替。如:
When we arrived in shanghai, it was just eight o’clock.(when 指一点时间)
When/while we were watching TV, he came in.(when 与 while 指一段时间)
! 注意: while (×)we arrived in shanghai…
Unit4 He said I was hard-working.
他说我工作很努力。
直接引语和间接引语。
1. 含义: 引述别人的话时, 采用两种方式: 一是引用别人的原话, 两边用引号标出, 称为直接引语; 二是用自己的语言转述别人的话, 称为间接引语.引述或转述要由动词来承担,有: say、 tell、 ask、 think、 write 等。
2. 直接引语变间接引语的方法。
(1) 从句人称的变化。
○1 直接引语的主语是第一人称变化时要和主句的主语保持一致。
○2 直接引语的主语是第二人称变化时要与主句的宾语保持一致。
○3 直接引语的主语是第三人称变化时人称不变。如:
They said, “We will go there by bus.” ——They said they would go there by bus.
She said to me,“Are you interested in science?” ——She asked me if I was interested in science.
His mother told me that he couldn’t go to school.
(2) 从句动词时态的变化。
○1 主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时, 直接引语变化时, 从句时态保持一致。如:
He says, “I have finished my homework.” ——He says that he has finished his homework.
She will say, “I’ll do it tomorrow.” ——She will say that she’ll do it the next day.
○2 主句的时态是一般过去时, 从句的时态要作相应的变化, 即:
1 一般现在时——一般过去时。
2 一般过去时——过去完成时。
3 现在进行时——过去进行时。
4 现在完成时——过去完成时。
5 过去完成时——过去完成时(不变)。
6 一般将来时——过去将来时. 如:
The girl said, “I’m sorry for being late for class.” ——The girl said that she was sorry for being late for class.
He said to me, “I am writing a letter.” ——He told me that he was writing a letter.
(3) 直接引语如果是客观事实或真理, 变化时, 从句时态不变. 如:
The teacher said, “The earth moves around the sun.” ——The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.
3. 指示代词、 时间状语、 地点状语和动词的变化.
(1) 指示代词变化: this——that. these——those 等.
(2) 时间状语变化: now——then. today——that day. yesterday——the day before. tomorrow——the next day 等.
(3) 地点状语变化: here——there.
(4) 动词变化: come——go. 如:
She said, “I will come this evening.” ——She said that she would go that evening.
He said,“My sister was here three days ago, but she is not here now.” ——He said that his sister
had been there three days before, but she was not there then.
4. 间接引语的语序及引导词。
直接引语变化时, 间接引语应用陈述句语序.直接引语如是陈述句, 主句与从句之间用 that引导, 有时可省略; 如是特殊疑问句, 主句与从句之间就用原来的疑问词引导; 如是一般疑问句, 主句与从句之间用 if或 whether 引导。如:
My teacher said, “I come from shanghai.” ——My teacher said that he came from shanghai.
He asked me, “Where do you come from?” ——He asked me where I came from.
I asked her, “Did you watch the game yesterday?” ——I asked her whether she had watched the game the day before.
Unit5 If you go to the party you’ll have a great time!
如果你去参加晚会你会玩得很开心的。
If引导的条件状语从句。
1. 含义与结构。
If意为“如果”, 可用来引导条件状语从句.条件状语从句属于复合句, 从句表主句动作发生的前提或条件.if 引导的从句在句中的位置比较灵活, 可放在主句之前(这时要和主句用逗号隔开), 也可放在句子的后面(不使用逗号) .其结构: If+陈述句, 主句+谓语=主语+谓语+if+陈述句。意为“如果…, 就…” .如:
If you ask him, he will help you.
2. 用法.
(1)条件状语从句通常由连词 if引导, 意为“如果、 假如” .主句不能用 be going to 表将来,而应该用 shall、 will.
○1 If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.(×)
○2 If you leave now, you will never regret it. (√ )
(3) if 引导条件状语从句, 主句用一般将来时, 从句用一般现在时(主将从现) . 注意宾语从句中的 if 与条件状语从句 if 的区别. 宾语从句中的 if“是否” 相当于 whether, 引导宾语从句, 时态需根据语境确定. 如:
I don’ t know if it will rain tomorrow.
Unit6 How long have you been collecting shells?
现在完成进行时的用法。
1. 概念及构成。
现在完成进行时表从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作, 而且还要继续下去, 其结构: 助动词+have/has been+动词 ing. 现在完成进行时的句子中多用延续性动词, 如: live、 learn、study、 work 等. 常与 for tow hours、 since 1996、 all this morning、 these few days等表示一段时间的状语连用。如:
I have been cleaning the room all this morning. 我今天一上午都在打扫房间.
I’ ve been studying English since I was 4 years old. 自从 4 岁起我就一直学英语.
2. 现在完成进行时的句型.
(1) 肯定句: 主句+have/has been+动词 ing+其他. 如:
I have been learning English for ten years. 我学英语已经十年了.
I have been collecting stamps since I was ten years old. 我从十岁起就一直在集邮.
(2) 否定句: 主语+have/has +not +been+动词 ing+其他. 如:
I haven’ t been seeing films for a long time. 我有很长时间没有看电视了.
I haven’ t been doing my homework since eight o’ clock. 从 8 点钟我就一直没做作业.
(3) 一般疑问句: Have/Has+主语+been+动词 ing+其他?
肯定回答: Yes, 主语+have/has. 否定回答: No, 主语+haven’ t/hasn’ t. 如:
——Have you been doing your homework since this morning?从今天早上你就一直在写作业吗?
——Yes, I have.
——Has he been writing the letters to his friend?他一直在给他的朋友写信吗?
——No, he hasn’ t.
(4) 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句? 如:
How long has it been raining? 雨下多久了?
What book have you been reading recently? 最近你在看什么书?
3. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别.
(1) 现在完成时强调动作的完成, 而现在完成进行时侧重的是动作的持续进行. 如:
I have read a book about birds. (已经读完)
I have been reading a book about birds. (一直都在读, 现在还在读, 还会继续读下去)
(2) 两种时态都有延续性, 但现在完成时往往只说明一个事实, 一种影响或结果, 无感情色彩; 现在完成进行时表一个动作的延续, 重复, 有时有一定的感情色彩. 如:
She has been singing all the day. 她都唱了一整天了. (抱怨, 厌烦)
Unit7 Would you mind turning down the music?
请你把音乐声音调小好吗?
1. Would you mind…? 的用法.
Would you mind…?意为“你介意…吗? ”, mind 后接动词 ing 形式. 如:
Would you mind moving your bike?
Would you mind not singing here?
(1) 在 Would you mind +doing…?结构中, doing 为动名词, 用来提出客气的请求。
动名词是由动词原形加词尾 ing 构成, 其构成法与现在分词一样。
(2) Would you mind…?之后接 sb. ’ s doing 形式, 用来询问, 征求对方的意见(在非正式的文体中, doing 形式之前的所有格可换成宾格形式) 。如:
Would you mind my(me) smoking here.
(3) 在某些动词后只能用动名词, 而另一些动词后只能用不定式.目前我们学过的有:mind、 finish、 enjoy 等.如:
He enjoys walking in the park.
I finished reading the book yesterday.
Would you mind opening the window.
2.动名词的否定式: Would you mind not doing…?如:
Would you mind not shouting?
3.回答带有 mind 的问句时应该注意 yes 或 no 都是针对 mind 选用的。表“介意, 在乎”时, 选用 yes,后面跟句子, 意思是不让对方做某事。表“不介意, 不在乎” 时, 选用 no,后面跟句子, 意思是允许对方做某事。如对 Do you mind my smoking here?的回答, 用 Yes,you’d better not.是的, 你最好别抽。用 No, certainly not.不介意, 你当然可以抽。
4.情态动词 shall、 will 及 should 的用法.
(1)shall
○ 1 表说话者的意图、 允许、 警告、 命令、 决心等.用于陈述句的第二、 三人称中, 有“必须、
应、 可” 之意.如:
You shall buy that book tomorrow.你应该明天买这本书.
○ 2 询问、 征求意见.如:
Shall I close the window? 我关上窗户好吗?
(2) should 表义务、 责任或劝告.有“应该、 应当” 之意.如:
You should learn from each other.你们应该互相帮助.
(4) will 表意志、 意愿.有“愿、 要” 之意.如:
Will you help me with my work? 你愿意帮我做作业吗?
(5) would 是 will 的过去式, 表请求个人想法, 语气比较婉转.如:
I would like to express(表达)my thanks to you.我非常感想你.
Unit8 Why don’t you get her scarf?
为什么不送她一条围巾呢?
1.提建议.
常用的提建议的方法:
(1) Let’s+动词原形.如:
Let’s go out for a wolk.
(2) shall we+动词原形.如:
Shall we meet outside the school gate(大门)?
(3) How/What about+名词或动词 ing 形式.如:
What about this one?
How about playing football?
(4) You’d better(not)+动词原形.如:
You’d better catch a bus.
You’d better not take in class.
(5)Why don’t you+动词原形? 或 Why not+动词原形? .如:
Why not make it earlier?
Why don’t you come with us?
(6) Would you like+名词或动词不定式? 如:
Would you like a cup of tea?
如同意对方的建议, 回答: Good idea/Great/Cool/Certainly/OK/Of course/Yes, please/Yes, I think so/All right/I agree with you/I’d love to.
如不同意, 回答: NO, let’s…/I’ m afraid not/No, thanks/I don’ t think so/I don’ t agree.
Unit9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?
你去过游乐园吗?
Unit1 Will people have robots?
II. Key Words
1 . in prep. 在……之后(用于将来时)
in l00 years 在一百年后
People will have robots in their homes in 1 00 years.
一百年以后, 人们家中会有机器人。
比较: after 在……之后(用于过去时, 表示从过去某时间起一段时间之后)
He will come back in two hours. 他两小时后会回来。
He came back after two hours. 他是两小时后回来的。
2. 1 ess, fewer 比较少;
more 比较多
less 是 little 的比较级, 修饰不可数名词
fewer 是 few 的比较级, 修饰可数名词
more 是 much 和 many 的比较级
much 修饰不可数名词, many 修饰可数名词
I have less money than he has. 我的钱比他的少。
There are more buildings in this city than in that city.
这个城市的楼房比那个城市多。
3. fall in love with... 爱上……
Last year l visited the art exhibition and fell in love with the work Of Picasso.
去年我参观了艺术展, 爱上了毕加索的作品。
4. a kind of... 一种
some kinds of... 几种
a kind of book 一种书
five kinds of flowers 五种花
many different kinds of gold fish 各种不同的金鱼
(fish 单复数相同, 此处是复数)
5. as well as 也; 与 too 同义。
He likes this book and he likes that book, too.
Or: He likes this book as well as that hook. 他喜欢这本书, 也喜欢那本书。
She can come here, too.
Or: She can come here as well. 她也能来。
6. worth adj. 值……; 值得……; 相当于……的价值
This house is worth $l0 000. 这个房子价值一万美元。
be (well) worth doing sth. (很) 值得做
That film is (well) worth seeing. 那部电影(很) 值得看.
These books are worth reading twice. 这几本书值得看两遍.
7. knock down... 击倒, 撞倒; 拆除
knock down the pins 击倒球柱
knock down the machine 拆除机器
knock 组成的词语还有:
knock on(at) the door 敲门
knock into sb. 撞了某人
knock up 叫醒
二、 课文重点知识详解
1, Do you think there will be robots in people's home?
(1) Do you think 后接宾语从句, 从句的语序必须是陈述语序。 引导词 that 可省略
(2) there be 句型, 表示某处有某物
例: There is a book on the desk
(3) there be 句型的考点 There be + 物 + 地点
首先, 就近原则, 即谓语动词 be 和最靠近它的名词在形式上保持一致there be 的一般将来时形式是 there will be / there (is/ are) going to be
(4) people 是一个集合名词, 只能作为复数形式使用, 没有单数形式
2, People will live to be 200 years old.
(1) live to be + 基数词 + years old 意为活到……岁
(2) live 是动词, 意思是居住、 生活、 活
I live in Beijing.(live in + 地点) We live happily.
3, There will be more/less/fewer/ people
(1) More 是 many 和 much 的比较级, 其后既可以跟可数名词也可跟不可数名词, 意思是更多。 最高级是 most
(2) Less 是 little 的比较级, 其后只接不可数名词, 意思是较少的, 更少的
(3) Fewer 是 few 的比较级, 其后只接可数名词的复数形式, 较少的更少的
4,Well, I don't agree. But I think there will be fewer trees.
agree with 同意赞同, 后接指人或表示意见、 看法的词
agree to 同意赞同, 后接表示建议、 计划、 安排的词
I quite agree with you.
Do you agree with what I have said?
He has agreed to our suggestion about the holiday.
5, what sport will she play?
(1) play+球类、 棋类
Play+ the+ 西洋乐器
Play+sports
Play+ with sth/ sb
(2) sport 作定语时通常使用复数形式
a sports meeting 运动会
6, I went to Shanghai last year and fell in love with it.
Fall in love with sb/ sth 爱上某人或某物
fall behind 落后
fall down 倒下 掉下来
fall asleep 入睡熟睡
7, Our apartment is too small.
Too,“太, 真是, 非常”用来修饰形容词或者副词
Too……to……太……而不能 She is too young to go toschool.
8, Keep sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事
Sorry, I have kept you waiting so long.
Keep doing sth 一直做某事
Why do you keep laughingall the time?
9, The head of one of the biggest movie companies in the US predicted that no one would want to see actors talk.
(1) no one 没有人与 nobody 同义, 作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数
No one/ nobody is in the classroom at the moment.
None 为不定代词, 意为没有既可以指人也可以指物, 其后可接 of,作主语的时候谓语动词单复数都可以, 但 no one 只能指人, 且不能与 of连用
None of these pens work/works.
How many tickets do you have?-------None
10, some scientists believe that there will be such robots in the future. However, they agree it may take hundreds of years.
(1) such 如此的, 这样的。 作定语, 可修饰可数名词单数、 复数、 或不可数名词。
常用搭配 such+ a/ an+ adj + 可数名词单数 或 such+ adj + 不可数名词 或 such+ adj +可数名词复数
I have never met such a man like him.
It is such a nice day.
It is such nice weather.
(2) take 意为花费, 固定搭配: I t takes sb some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少时间 It takes him two days to finish the work.
(3) 数字+hundred / thousand / million / billion +名词复数
Hundreds / ……+ of + 名词复数
11,That may not seem possible now……
(1) seem to do sth 似乎看来好像做某事 I seem to have left my book at home.
(2) it seems that ……或 it seemed that ……看起来好像是……似乎……
it seemed that he was very happy.
(5) Seem to be + 形容词或名词 She seems to be happy.
三、 单元语法
语法--一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来某一时刻发生的动作或状态, 或将来某一段时间内经常进行的动作或状态。
一般将来时由助动词 shall / will+ 动词原形, 或 be going to + 动词原形构成基本句型:
肯定句: I/We shall/will go. You/He/She/They Will go.
否定句 :I/We shall/will not go. You/He/She/They Will not go.
疑问句: Shall I/we go? Will you/he/she/they go?
特殊疑问句: 一般将来时的特殊疑问句是将疑问词放在句首, 后接一般疑问句
----why will you be here on Sunday?周日你为什么将要在这儿?
----I will have a meeting on Sunday 我将要在周日举行一个聚会
一般疑问句 be 或 will 提到句首 some 改 any,and 改 or 一二人称互换
We are going to go on an outing this weekend.
----Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?
被动句: will/ shall+ be+ v.ed(及物动词过去分词)
The letter will be sent tomorrow 这封信明天将寄出去
We shall be punished if we break the rule
用 will 或 shall 表示
“助动词 will 或 shall+动词原形”这一形式, 表示将来发生的事情, 用于征求对方的意见或表示客气的邀请。
1. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 明天就是星期天。
2. Shall we go there at five? 我们五点钟去那儿, 好吗?
用 be going to 结构表示
“be going to+ 动词原形”用来表示近期将要发生的动作以及已有迹象表明必将发生某事, 意为“打算; 就要”.如:
1. We're going to meet outside the school gate.
用现在进行时表示
表示位置转移的动词(如: go, come, leave, start, arrive 等), 可用现在进行时表示将来时。 如:
1. Uncle Wang is coming. 王叔叔就要来了。
2. They're leaving for Beijing. 他们即将前往北京。
八年级英语第二单元《What should I do》 知识点整理
一、 课文重点考点详解
1. I don't have enough money.
enough 充足的、 充分的; 足够地。
I have enough time to do it.
2. I argued with my best friend.
argue with sb.意为“与……争吵, 争论”.
He often argues with his classmates.
3. My clothes are out of style.
be out of style / fashion 表示“过时”“不合乎时尚”
4. Maybe you should call him up.
(1) maybe 用来表示推测, 译为“也许, 或许, 大概”.如:
Maybe you are right.
(2) call sb up .打电话给某人。 如:
I called up Zhang Hong at eight o'clock.
原句中 him 为代词, 所以放在 call 和 up 之间, 不能说成 call up him.如:
I'll call her up this afternoon.
注意: 在动副结构的短语中, 代词一定放在动副之间。
5. I don't want to surprise him.
“surprise sb.”,表示“使……惊讶”
The news surprises us greatly.
6. No, he doesn't have any money, either.
either 的用法: 用在否定句或否定词组后加强语气, 表示“也”,“而且”,常用逗号隔开。
如: He doesn't like singing, and he doesn't like dancing, either.
either 用作代词时, 常表示“两者之中任何一个”。如:
Either of them will agree with you.
7. I need to get some money to pay for summer camp.
(1) need 是个情态动词, 也可以是行为动词。
当它是情态动词时, 后边直接加行为动词, 表示“需要”,但 need 作情态动词时一般不用于肯定句。 它一般用于否定句和疑问句中, 例如:
You need not meet him. ①
Need I repeat it? ②
(2)(sb.) pay(money) forsth.为……而付款
(sb.) spend(money) on sth 在……上花多少钱
(sth.) cost sb.(money) 什么东西值多少钱
pay, spend 指的是“人”,主语为人, 而 cost 指的是“物”,主语为“物”.
他昨天花 10 元买了一本书。 用以上三个短语分别为:
He ① paid10 yuan for the book yesterday.
He ② spent 10 yuan on the book yesterday.
③The book cost him 10 yuan yesterday.
8、 She also says that these children may find it hard to think for themselves when they are older.
find +it + adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. 发现做某事是……如:
I find it easy for me to finish the work in an hour.
9、 The tired children don't get home until 7 p.m.
until 直到…为止, 如:
I will wait for him until he comes back.
not…until, 直到……才。 如:
he didn't go to bed untilhis father came back.
10、 I don't know what to do.
what to do 是疑问句加不定式结构, 在句中做宾语, 这种结构经常放在 tell, show, teach,forget, find out 等词后作宾语。 如:
I forgot what to do next.
I don't know how to do it next.
The teacher showed us what to do with it.
11.ask (sb.) for sth.向某人寻求某物; 要……如:
Don't ask for food every day.
If you have any problems, you can askthe policeman for help.
12、 the same as… 与……相同
My cousin is the same age asme
13.except 除……以外; (不包括……在内)
My class has been invited except me.= Only I haven't been invited.
除我以外, 我的同学都被邀请了。
All the students went to the park except him
besides 除……以外(包括在内)
We all went there besides him.= He went there.We went there, too.
除他去以外, 我们也都去了。
14.wrong adj.错误的; 有毛病的; 不合适的
Is there anything wrong with you? 你哪儿不舒服?
─ What's wrong with you? 你怎么了? (你哪里不舒服? )
15.get on/along well with sb.与某人相处融, 发展。 如:
I get alone well with my classmates.
How do you get on with you studies.
16.have a fight with sb.= fight with sb.与某人打架。 如:
We can't have a fight with each other at school.
17、 词语辨析
borrow sth. from sb. 从某人处借进某物
lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人
18、 You left your home work at home.
leave 遗留、 丢下。 如:
I left my keys in the car.
leave 指将某物遗忘在某地, 常用的结构为: leave + sth. + place. 如:
he left his umbrella in the bus yesterday.
forget 指忘了某人或某事, 后面不能跟具体的地点。
19、 you could give him a ticket to a ball game.
a ticket to a ball game, to 表示: …的。 如:
the key to the door,the answer to the question
20. on the one hand, on the other hand.一方面…另一方面
二、 单元语法
学会 should , could 在英语中的习惯用法。
should 是情态动词, 它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。 should(应当, 应该) 用于所有人称, 表示劝告或建议。 如:
You should wait a little more. 你应该再多等一会儿。
八年级英语第三单元《What were you doing..》 知识点整理
一、 课文重点、 难点、 考点详解
1、 what were you doing when the UFO arrived?
arrive 到达, 后面接地点名词或是代词时, 需要加上介词 in 或 at ,in 用于比较大的地方, at 用于比较小的地方;
如果后面接 here, there, home 等副词时, 不加介词。 如:
My pen pal arrived in Wuhan yesterday afternoon.
When did you arrive at Beijing airport?
He arrived home ten minutes ago.
2、 getting out of the shouer
get out of 从……出来
3、 what was the girl doing when the UFO took off?
take off 起飞, 动身
Could you tell me when our flight will take off?
此外, take off 还作脱衣服, 取下眼镜。
It's warm today, you had better take off your sweater.
4、 I had a very unusual experience on Sunday.
experience n. 经历、 阅历, 可数名词, 常用于词组: have /be a experience 有是一次经历。 如:
He had many interesting experiences while traveling in North America.
experience n. 经验、 体验, 不可数名词, 对应的形容词为 experienced 有经验的。 如:
She is a teacher with rich experience of teaching.
experience vt. 经历、 感受。 如:
My father experienced great difficulty in giving up smoking.
5、 I was walking down the street when a UFO landed right in front of me.
in front of 在……前面。 如:
The car is in front of the house.
辨析: in front of and in the front of
in front of 表示某范围外部的前面。 如:
There is a tall tree in front of the classroom
in the front of 表示某范围内部的前面。 如:
There is a big blackboard in the front of the classroom.
6、 She is shouting
shout v. 喊, 高呼, 朝某人大喊
shout to. 指距离相隔很远而高声喊叫让人听见, 无训斥之意。 如:
She shouted to me to come over.
shout at. 表示生气时对某人大喊大叫, 含责备、 警告之意。 如:
He tried to talk to the men, but they shouted at him.
7、 While John was walking to school, he saw a cat in a tree.
辨析: in the tree and on the tree.
in the tree. 指外来的东西在树上, 如人、 动物等。 如:
A boy is standing in the tree.
on the tree. 指树上本身长的东西, 如花、 果实等。 如:
There are many apples on the tree.
8、 While she was talking on the phone, Davy met another dog outside the station.
another adj. 指另一、 又一, 常表示在原来的基础上增加, 表泛指, 直接接可数名词单数; 如果与数词连用, 后面接可数名词的复数。 another + 数词+n. =数词+more +n.如:
I don't like this sweater, please show me another one.
Another three days passed
9、 visited aunt in hospital
in hospital 生病住院, 而 in the hospital 表示在医院里。
He was badly ill, he must be in hospital.
She is a nurse. She works in the hospital.
10、 While He Yan was at the doctor's, I was going to the class.
at the doctor's 在诊所。 英语中习惯用名词的所有格表示该名词生活或工作的地方, 像店铺、 医院、 教堂或某人的家等。 如:
I am going to the barber's
11、 This was one of the most important events in modern American history.
one of the +adj(最高级) +n(复数) 表示最…之一。one of +n.pl 做主语的时候, 谓语用单数。 如:
One of us was late.
12、 It was difficult to get out of bed.
it's + adj. for sb to do sth. 其中的形容词常为说明事物事情性质的词, 像 difficult, easy,important, useful, impossible.etc. 如:
it's hard for me to work out the problem.
it's + adj. of sb. to do sth 其中的形容词常为说明人的性格特征或品质的词, 像 nice,good, kind, foolish, polite, careless, etc.如:
it is very kind of you to say so.
13、 The boy was walking down the street when a UFO landed.
While the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.
when, while 辨析: “当……时候”
(1) when 当……时候, 既可表示某一点时间, 也可以表示某一段时间, 引导的从句谓语多用终止性(瞬间) 动词, 主从句的动作可同时也可以有先后顺序发生。
I was just reading a book when she came into my room. 她走进我房间时, 我正在看书。
(2) while 正当……时, 只能表示某一段时间, 不能表示某一点时间。 在 while 引导的时间状语从句中, 其谓语动词只能是延续性的, 而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。
While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him. 正当吉姆修自行车时, 林涛来看他。
(3) 另外, when 和 while 的区别还在于: while 引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态,而 when 引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态。
While they were talking , the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候, 上课铃响了。
I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterdayevening. 昨天晚上妈妈回家的时候, 我正在做家庭作业。
二、 语法详解
过去进行时: 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或者某段时间正在进行或发生的动作, 常和表过去的时间状语连用, 如:
I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.
过去进行时的构成:
肯定形式: 主语+was/were+V-ing
否定形式: 主语+was not (wasn't) /were not (weren't) +V-ing
疑问形式: Was/Were+主语+V-ing.
基本用法:
1.过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。 常与之连用的时间状语有, at that time/moment, this time yesterday at+点钟+yesterday ,when sb. did sth 等时间状语从句, 如:
What were you doing at 7p.m. yesterday?
I first met Mary three years ago.
She was working at a radio shop at the time.
八年级英语第四单元《He said I was hard-working》 知识点整理
一, 重点句型分析
1. What are some soap operas you know? 你所知道的有哪些肥皂剧?
you know 是定语从句, 修饰前面的名词 soap operas
2. What are some things that happen on soap operas? 肥皂剧里发生了些什么事?
That happen on soap operas 是定语从句, 修饰前面的名字 something.
3. Lana said she wasn'tmad at Marcia anymore. 拉娜说她不再生玛西娅的气了。
be mad at (with) sb. 对某人恼火
be mad at (about) sth. (doing sth.) 对某事恼火
Mother got mad at (with) me for watching TV for hours.
not… anymore 不再……
She didn't cry anymore. 她不再哭了。
4. bring some books to her house. 给她带来一些书
bring sth. to 从(远处) 带来, 拿来(到近处)
而其反义词为: take… to “从(近处) 拿(走) 到(远处)
Could you bring some water to me?
Please take the chair to Jim's room.
5.passthis message to sb.将这个消息传给某人
pass sth. to sb 把某物传递给某人
She said she would pass the dictionary to Tom.
6.You want to know why C didn't return it and where it is.你想知道为什么 C 未将它还回来并想知道它在哪里。
句中 why C didn't return it and where it is 是宾语从句作 know 的宾语, 请注意宾语从句的语序。
7.You were supposed to meet at the bus stop this morning to return it.
你应该今早上在车站去见面并把它还给人家。
be supposed to do ……被期望, 应该
He is supposed to be there on time.按理他应该准时到哪里。
二, 课文解析和语法
1. In English, I'm better at reading than listening.
在英语方面, 我的阅读比听力更好。
be better at doing 是 be good at ……的比较级, 意思为”更擅长……“
2. I can do better in math.在数学方面我能做得更好。
better 是 well 的比较级
do well in 在…方面做得好
Does she do well in physics?
3. I finished my end -of -year exams last week. 我上周结束了期末考试。
finish sth. (doing sth.)
Did he finish doing his homework before he went to bed?
4. I had a really hard time with science this semester. 这学期我的科学学科学得的确不好。
5. It's not right to copy other's homework. 抄袭别人的作业是不对的。
请记住这一句型: It's right for sb to do …
It's right for sb to do…
6. I said I didn't think it was a good idea for her to copy ma homework.
我说我认为对她来说抄我的作业不是个好办法。
7. She said it was much better if she din her own work.
她说如果她自己做作业就会好多了。
much + 比较级, 意思是”…得多“
He runs much faster than I.
8. Teaching high school students in a poor mountain village in Gansu Province may notsound like fun to you. 在甘肃省一个贫困的山村里教中学学生在你听起来可能不算什么有趣的事。
此句中 may+ 动词原形, 表示”可能……“
sound like +名词, 意思为”听起来像……“
9. Every year they send 100 volunteers to teach in China's rural areas.
每年他们都往中国的乡 村地区派 100 名志愿者去教书。
send …to …派, 送…到…
10. Her village was 2000 meters above sea level. 她的村庄位于海拔 2 千米。
11. the thin air made her feel sick 稀薄的空气使她病了
make sb. do 使某人干某事(此处只能用动词原形, 不能+ to)
12.They love heaving volunteer teachers there. 他们喜爱让志愿者老师教他们。
love doing (to do)
13.There often isn't money for education. 经常没有钱来受教育。
14. I can open up my students' eyes to the outside world.
我能开阔学生们的视野, 把他们带到外部世界。
15. give them a good start in life 给他们一个生活的新起点
give sb. sth.给某人某物
16. She said she likes being a good influencein the children's lives.
她说她愿意给孩子们的生活中起一个好的影响。
17. Yang Lei enjoyed her time as a volunteer very much. 杨蕾很愿意做一个志愿者。
18. care for ”Mother Earth“ 关心”地球母亲“
19. care for wild animals in danger 关心处于危险中的野生动物
20. I can't do anythingabout that. 我对于那件事无能为力。
八年级英语第五单元知识点整理
If you go to the party, you'll have a great time!
一, 课文重难点讲解:
1. If you go to the party, you'll have a good time.
条件状语从句常由从属连词 if,unless 等引导。 和时间状语从句一样, 条件状语从句用一般现在时而不用将来时, 尤其注意主语为第三人称单数时, 动词使用单数形式。 if引导的条件状语从句的结构: if+ 一般现在时, 主语+ 将来时。
I f you ask him, he will help you.
I f it rains tomorrow, we won't go to the park.
I'll go with you if I'm free.
2. I think I'm going to wear jeans to the party.
If you do, the teacher won't let you in.
(1) do 用作代动词, 代替上文的动词部分“wear jeans to the party”,为避免重复。
(2) let in 意为“让……进来”
Windows let in light and air.
You must keep the door closed. Don't let the dog in.
3. Today is too early. If we have it today, half the class won't come.
(1) too“太…”,带否定含义。
(2) class 此处指全班同学。 half a/ an, a half, half the 后接名词, 表示“一半”.
He ran half a mile / a half mile in half an hour.
I have finished half the book.
注意表“半个…”或“…个半”时, half 一词的用法。
half an hour 半小时, half a year 半年, one year and a half 一年半, one and
a half years 一年半, five and half days 五天半
4. We can all meet and watch a video.
meet 碰头, 聚集, 见面, watch a video 看录像
5. Some students will be bored.
be bored, get bored 疲乏的, 厌倦的
bored 指人的状态, 主语为人“厌乏的”
I'll get bored if I read English for a long time.
The TV play is too boring.
I'm not interested in such boring stories.
6. When is a good time to have the party?
Let's have it today.
“to have the party”是不定式作定语修饰名词 time.不定式作定语通常要放在所修饰的名词或代词之后。
7. I want you to remember the rules for school parties.
(1) want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事
(2) remember v. 记住, 记得, 想起
remember to do sth. 记得去做某事
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
(3) rules for school parties. 学校聚会的规则
8. Don't bring food to the party. If you do, the teachers will take it away.
bring sth. to sb. = bring sb. sth. 带给某人某物
take sth. away 把某物拿走
9. Will I travel much? 我会做很多旅行吗?
10. If you do, the teachers will ask them to leave.
(1) ask sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事
ask sb. not to do sth. 让某人不(别) 做某事
(2) leave v. 离开; 留下、 剩下
11. go to college 上大学
make money 挣钱
get an education 接受教育
12. For many young people, becoming a professional athlete might seem like a dream job.
seem like 似乎(是) ……
dream job 理想的工作
13. You'll be able to make a living doing something you love.
(1) be able to “能, 会”,时态变化体现在 be 动词上。
(2) make a living 谋生, do sth. for a living 做某事以谋生
14. People will watch you all the time and follow you everywhere.
watch “注视, 关注”
all the time 一直
follow “跟随”,及物动词, follow sb. 跟随某人
everywhere “每处地方”,副词, 前不能用介词。
15. get injoured 受伤
16. If you become rich, you will have a difficult time knowing who your real friends are.
(1) become rich 变得富有。
become, turn, get 等是表变化过程的系动词, 后跟形容词。
become true, turn red, get ill,
(2) have a difficult / hard time 度过艰难时期
17. Maybe I'll become a teacher. 或许我将成为一名教师。
maybe“也许”“或许”副词, 在句中位置可前可后。
八年级英语第六单元知识点整理
一, 常考短语
raise money for 筹钱
collect stamps 集邮
run out of… 用尽
by the way 顺便说一下
on the way to 在…的路上
be interested in 对…感兴趣
more than= over 超过
fly kites 放风筝
start class 开始上课
the most common hobby 最普通的爱好
listen to music videos 听音乐碟片
have problems withthe language 语言方面有问题
three and a half years = three years and a half 三年半
二, 重点语法:
1. since 的用法:
(1) 自从……以来; ……以后
It was years sincel had seen her.自从我见到她又过去好几年了。
(2) 自……以来
I have lived here since childhood.自小我就住在这儿。
(3) adv. 从那以后; 后来
He left the city in 1985 and has returned only once since.
他 1985 年离开这座城市, 自那以后只回来过一次。
(4) 构成短语: ever since 从那以后(一直)
2. since,from 和 for
(1) from 是介词, 后接名词、 动名词, 表示事情的开始点, 以 from 短语作状语时,句中的谓语动词可用一般现在、 过去和将来时, 如:
The movie is on from 8:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. 这个电影在晚上 8 点到 10 点上映。
They chatted at the meeting from beginning to end.他们在会议上自始至终都在聊天。
(2) since 则为介词或从属连接词, 其后接名词、 动名词或从句, 表示从某一特定时间起直至现在或过去某一特定时间为止, 依然继续着的事情的开始点, 在以此为时间状语的句子中, 谓语动词常用完成时。
Many things have happened since they came here.自他们来这儿以后, 发生了许多事情。
The teacher said that John had made great progress since last semester.
老师说从上个学期以来约翰取得了很大的进步。
(3) for 是介词, 后接名词, 可以用来计算持续的时间, 表示事情从开始到结束所持续的时间, 谓语动词常用过去时或完成时, for 与一般现在时连用, 表示时间一直持续到将来。
The meeting lasted for hours. 会议持续了几个小时。
I studied the piano for three years. 我学过三年钢琴。
I've known her for five years. 我认识她已经五年了。
How long are you here for? 你在这里要待到什么时候?
3. favorite 指“最爱的物品”,favorite 也可作形容词, 作形容词比较级和最高级形式。
My favorite food is dumpling.我最喜欢的食物是饺子。
4. stop 表示“停止, 结束, 阻止”
The light turned red.I have to stop. 红灯亮了, 我不得不停下来。
(1) stop 作名词, 意为“车站, 站点”.
I get off at the next bus stop.我在下一站下车。
(2) stop 作动词, 意为“停止”,常用于 stop doing sth.结构中, 表示“停止做某事”
The students stop talking.学生停止了讲话。
(3) stop to do sth. 则表示“停下来去做某事”,指停止原来的事去做另外一件事。
The students stop to talk.学生们停下来讲话。
We should stop to have a rest.我们应该停下来休息一会儿。
(4) stop sb.doing sth. 表示“叫某人停止做某事, 阻止某人做某事”.
What can stop me going? 有什么能阻止我去呢?
Nothing shall stop us from studying.什么都不能阻止我们学习。
5. have to do sth. 表示“不得不做某事”,指客观条件的“不得不”
I have to finish the work by myself. 我不得不自己完成这项工作。
6. run out of… 意为“从……地方跑出来; 用光……”
Class is over.The students run out of the classroom. 下课了, 学生们从教室里冲了出来。
八年级英语第七单元知识点整理
一, 重点短语
right away 立刻; 马上
at a meeting 在开会
cut in line 插队
the way to place 去…的路
spend sth. On in doing sth.花费 9 时间(金钱) 去做某事
not at all 根本不, 一点也不
in a minute 立刻; 马上
no problem 没问题
get annoyed 变得气恼
be good for 对…有益
二, 语法要点
学会提出请求
would you mind + 动名词结构
would you mind cleaningyour room ?
would you mind not playingbasketball here?
学习表示歉意
I'm sorry ,I'll do it right away
Sorry, we'll go and play in the park .
三, 重难点分析
1. Would you mind…? 和 Do you mind…? 用于询问或请求别人做某事, 或请求他人的许可。
(1) mind 后面可以用-ing 形式
Would you mind doing the dishes?
= Do you mind doing the dishes?
请把餐具洗了好吗? (表示请求别人做事)
Would you mind turningdown the radio?
= Do you mind turningdown the radio? 请把收音机关小点好吗?
(2) Would you mind my doing…? = Do you mind if I do…?
这个句型用于询问他人意见或请求他人的许可。
例如: Would you mind my smoking here?
你介意我在这里吸烟吗?
Would you mind my asking you a question?
我问你一个问题好吗?
Would you mind my opening the window?
=Do you mind my opening the window?
我可以开窗吗?
(3) 询问人们感觉的一般性问题, 可以用 Do you mind…?
Do you mind people smoking in your house? 你介意别人在你家里吸烟吗?
(4) 这个句型的否定形式是在 mind 后加 not
Would you mind not playing basketball here? 你不要在这打篮球好吗?
Would you mind not wearing those old jeans?
(5) 回答 Do/ Would you mind…? 提出的问题时, 表示允许要说 No 或 Not at all等;
如果介意要做肯定回答 Yes. 或 Yes,I 'm sorry,but I do.等,
--Do you mind if I ask you a question? 我可以问你的一个问题吗?
--No,please do.可以, 请问吧。
2. 通 常 既 可 用 whether 也 可 用 if 表 示 “ 是 否 ” 来 引 导 从 句 , 常 置 于see,ask,learn,tell,wonder,doubt,find out 等动词之后。
例如:
I'm not sure whether /if I'll have time. 我不敢肯定我是否会有时间。
He asked me whether/if I could help him.
I want to know whether/if he lives there.
只能使用 whether 的场合
(1) 只有 whether 能用在介词后面
Success depends on whether we make enough effort.
(2) 与 or (not) 连用的词通常是 whether
Whether we help him or not,he will fail. 不论我们帮助他与否, 他都将失败。
(3) 带 to 的动词不定式前用 whether,而不用 if
Please tell us whether to go or stay here.请告诉我们是走还是留。
They didn't know whether to agree or keep silent. 他们不知道是应该同意还是保持沉默。
(4) whether 可置于句首引导主语从句, 而 if 不能
Whether the meeting will be in Beijing is not known yet. 会议是否在北京举行还不得而知。
3. get on / get off 上/ 下(公共汽车、 火车、 船、 飞机)
She got on / off the bus quickly.
get 的其它的用法:
(1) 表示“到达, 抵达”,如果后接表示到达某地的名词, get 后面要接介词 to,如果 get后接的是地点副词就可以直接在 get 后使用。
She got there at six.
她六点钟到达那里。(there 为地点副词)
When we got to the station, the bus was waiting.
当我们到达车站时, 汽车还在等着。
(2) get sth. done 使; 受; 让人做好; 经历; 让; 做
I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come. 我得把盘子洗了, 然后就来。
八年级英语第八单元知识点整理
一, 重点词组
fall asleep 入睡
give away 赠送
rather than 胜于
hear of 听说
suggest 提议; 建议
take an interest in 对……感兴趣
make friends with 与……交友
photo album 影集
these days 这些天
rather than 与其……(不如……)
sleep all day 整天睡觉
make a special meal 做一顿特殊的饭
have enough time 有足够的时间
take care of 照顾
in different countries 在不同的国家
too much 太多
not special 不特别
in Japan 在日本
二, 重点难点释义
1. How about … ?
What about … ?
这两种句式都可以用来向他人提出建议, 表示“……怎么样? ” “你认为……如何? ”,后面连接名词或者动名词(动词 ing 形式)。
How about goingto the movies? 去看电影怎么样?
What about a lovely dog? 一个可爱的小狗你认为如何?
2. Why don't you …?
Why not …?
这两种句式都是反问语气, 表示“为什么不……”,也可以用来向别人提出建议, 后面连接动词原形。
Why don't you go with us? = Why not gowith us?
为何不跟我们一块呢?
3. What's the best gift he/she has ever received?
“他/她曾经收到的最好的礼物是什么? ”
这里“he/she has ever received”是一个现在完成时的句子, 充当 gift 的定语从句,省略从句引导词 that.
4. compare v. 比较; 相比
compare + 名词 + with / to + 名词
用于比较的情形时, 通常用 with, 用于比喻时常用 to.
Compared with(to) her twin sister Jenny, Fanny is tall.
与她的孪生妹妹 Jenny 相比, Fanny 高。
5. comment n. 评论; 解释; 说明
He made few comments on that movie. 对于那部电影他没说什么。
6. personal adj. 私人的, 个人的, 亲自的, 针对个人的
a personal letter 私人信件
7. graduation n. 毕业; 毕业典礼 graduate v. 毕业
After the graduation from college, he worked in a small company.
大学毕业后, 他在一家小公司工作。
8. name v. 叫做; 称作; 取名
What are the parents going to name the baby?
那对父母打算给孩子取什么名字?
Emily was named after her grandmother.
Emily 是以她奶奶的名字命名的。
9. too…to… 太……而不能……
George is too young to go to school.
乔治还太小, 不能上学。
10. pro n 赞成; 赞成的理由 con n. 反对, 反对的理由
1 1 . much too “太, 过于……”,修饰形容词副词
too much “太多……”,修饰不可数名词
too many “太多……”,修饰可数名词
The street is much too crowded. 大街上太挤了。
Don't spend too much money on clothing. 不要花太多的钱在衣着上。
There are too many monkeys for me to count. 猴子太多, 我数不过来。
12. present n.礼物
present 指礼物的一般性用语, gift 是稍正式的用法。 另外, present 还可以作为形容词, 表示“现在的; 出席的”.
三, 语法知识
(一) 如何给别人提出建议和意见的常用句型
1、 询问对方意见: What shall we do tonight?
2、 提出建议: How about (doingsomething?) going to a movie?
What shall we do this afternoon?
How about going for a walk?
提出建议的句型还有:
1) what about…? (about 是个介词, 可跟名词或动名词)
2) How about…?
How about a watch? 一块手表怎么样?
How about gettingher a scarf? 买条围巾送给她怎么样?
(二) 感叹句
感叹句可由 what 或 how 引导, what 后面感叹的部分中心词为名词, 而 how感叹的部分一般为形容词或副词。
What a beautiful flower this is!
How smart they are!
(三) 现在完成时
What's the best gift you have ever received? 你曾经收到过的最好的礼物是什么?
“you have ever received”是现在完成时的定语从句。
1、 现在完成时的构成: have/ has + 动词过去分词。
2、 现在完成时的用法: 主要有两种含义:
一是强调某一发生的动作对现在产生的影响以及造成的结果; 第二个意义是到现在为止这一时期中发生的动作或者情况。
(四) 其它知识点
1、 enough 的用法: 形容词 + enough enough + 名词
That's not special enough. 那不够特别
此外, enough 还可以说:It's enough to make her happy. 这足以让她很高兴。
也可以说: enough for somebody to do sth.
2、 too… to…结构: 同样表示程度的一个结构: too… to…, 太……而不能……(表示否定) to 后面必须跟动词原形
It's toodifficult for me to carry the box.
He's too young to go to school.
3、 so…that…结构: too… to…结构可用 so…that…(表示肯定, that 后跟从句)来代替。
It's so difficult that I can't carry the box.
He's so young that he can't go to school.