Yao temple was built in the Western Jin Dynasty with a history of more than1700 years. The former site is in the west of Fenhe River. It was moved to theEast Bank of Fenhe River in Yuankang period of Western Jin Dynasty. In 658, thesite of the temple was moved from the southwest of Fucheng to the current sitein the south of the city. Yao temple is a national ancestral temple with richhistory, culture and 5000 years of civilization. It is commonly known asSansheng temple. It is a temple dedicated to commemorating the three ancestorsof Yao, Shun and Yu in China. More than 4000 years ago, Yao established thecapital of Pingyang and designated nine states, forming the earliest pattern inChina. Pingyang became one of the earliest birthplaces of Chinese civilization,known as the first capital of China.
The pulse of dragon and Phoenix
The central axis of Yao palace corridor, which is carved with dragon andphoenix patterns, is called "vein of dragon and phoenix". It runs from the gateto Guangyun hall, which is 300 meters long. Both dragon and Phoenix are totemsof the Yao Dynasty, and they are also the oldest auspicious symbols of theChinese nation. The vein of dragon and Phoenix here is the most auspiciouschannel of dragon and Phoenix in China.
Cultural relic sculpture
The artifacts displayed on both sides of the Yaogong corridor are unearthedfrom the Taosi cultural site. 700 years ago, our ancestors used the productionmethods, including production tools, daily necessities, daily utensils,ceremonial supplies and musical instruments. These stone carvings vividly showthe life and culture of the Yao period, making the Yao Temple more historicaland cultural connotation.
secondary gate to an official residence
"Yimen" is the door of etiquette. In ancient times, the emperors, ministersand common people who paid homage to and offered sacrifices to Emperor Yao hadto be "dignified and dignified" when they came here. The inscription of"ancestor of civilization" on the forehead of Yimen is the highest evaluation ofEmperor Yao's founding of civilized politics. The inscription "Guang PI Si Biao"on the back of the gate was originally a plaque inscribed by Emperor Kangxi ofQing Dynasty for Yao hall, which means that Yao's merits and virtues are likethe sun and the moon moistening all the people.
Wufeng building
"Wufenglou" was built in the Qianfeng period of Tang Dynasty (666 AD). Itis an ancient cultural relic building survived the vicissitudes of the Yaotemple palace. It is the architectural style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Ithas a double eaves and a side ladder on the second floor.
"Wufenglou", also known as "Guangtian Pavilion", means the merits ofEmperor Yao, the brightness of the world and the blessing of all people. Peopleregard Yao and his four ministers as "five phoenixes". They built a building inYao temple, and then there was "five phoenixes building". This buildingsymbolizes the unity of monarchs and ministers and the great rule of the world.After the Tang Dynasty, the "five Phoenix Tower" was set up when cities andhalls were built to show that the river was clear and the sea was banquet, andthe country was peaceful and the people were safe. "Wufenglou" lower three holebrick ticket door, through the "Guangyun hall". In ancient times, when offeringsacrifices to Emperor Yao, the monarch walked in from the middle and theMinister of culture and military passed through the side cave.
Yaojingtai
Well is one of the greatest inventions in the process of humancivilization. In ancient times, people lived in the water and along the river.Yao's "looking for ants to build wells" changed the situation of relying onrivers. As a result, there were villages, towns and cities, forming the earliesthuman civilization. Up to now, people call cities as marketplace, urban cultureand urban civilization as marketplace culture and civilization, regard wells ashome, and call leaving hometown far away from home. This well is also known as"the first well in the world".
Ancient cypress in Yaogong
There are four ancient cypresses around Yaojing, and the two on the westside are "Bai Yiluo" and "Bai baohuai", that is, another catalpa tree andSophora tree grow out of the cypress.
In April and may every year, red catalpa flowers bloom among the branchesof cypress trees, which is a wonder to visitors. It is said that Bo baohuai wastransplanted from Ci'en Temple in Xi'an more than 600 years ago. At thebeginning of summer, the cypress trees are in full bloom and fragrant.
There are two ancient cypresses on the east side, one is called "Minglucypress" and the other is called "Yexiao cypress". It is said that in the TangDynasty, when Emperor Yao and his wife deer fairy's sacred oak were sculpted inthe palace, a pair of Sika Deer suddenly came running and singing under thecypress tree. Therefore, this tree is called "Minglu cypress". Up to now, itsbranches look like plum deer antlers.
"Yexiaobai" was transplanted from India by a monk in ancient times. It hasa long day and a long night. Every new year's Eve, the cypress makes a rustlingsound, which is similar to human laughter, so it is called "yexiaobai".
Dragon carving
The "Dragon carving" inlaid on the steps of the platform of Yao hall isbased on the enlarged image of the dragon on the "painted pottery plate"unearthed from the Taosi site in 1978. This pasted Dragon carving is theearliest dragon pattern in China, known as "the first dragon in the world". Theshape of dragon is simple and simple, and the mouth of dragon contains grain,which reflects the pursuit and admiration of human beings for agriculturalcivilization.
Couplets of Guangyun Hall
The couplets of Guangyun hall were written by Su Qingping, the head ofYaodu District, after the overhaul of Yao palace in 20__. They were written byMr. Fan Xiyi, a famous calligrapher. The couplet, with the title of GENZU,highly summarizes Yao's important contribution to the Chinese nation andhighlights the GENZU nature of Yao temple.
The first couplet: "living in Pingyang, leaning against the river, anddeeply rooted in the roots of the nation" means that Yao established his capitalin Pingyang, relying on the superior conditions of the Yellow River and FenheRiver Basin, coordinated with all nations, and formed a unified Chinese nation.Therefore, the Chinese nation began with Yao, and Yao was the origin of thenation.
The second couplet: "Qiwen clearly established China as the ancestor of thecountry", which means that Yao Qin established the calendar, created characters,dug wells, ended the original mode of production, began to realize thehistorical transition to civilization, and created the ancient form of statemanagement of the Chinese nation. Therefore, there is the saying that "the nameof China began with Yao", and Yao is known as the ancestor of the country andthe ancestor of civilization.
Guangyun Hall
Guangyun hall, also known as Yao hall, is the hall where Emperor Yaosummoned his ministers. The hall is 9 in width and 5 in depth, with 32 corridorsaround it, 77 inside and outside, and 27 meters high. Guangyun hall is called"Guangyun hall" because it means to match heaven and land. On both sides of thecolorful building in front of the hall, there are four big characters: "the nameof the people's incompetence", which is called "the Analects of Confucius"."Taibo" means that Emperor Yao has great merits, and the people simply don'tknow how to praise him. The bronze statue of Yao and the four ministers wasplaced by Yuanpeng on the 18th of 20__. The statue of Emperor Yao is as high as5 meters, and the statue of four ministers is as high as 4.1 meters.
Yao was one of the five emperors. His surname was Yiqi and his name wasFangxun. At the age of 13, he was granted a post in Taodi, and at the age of 15,he was granted the title of Marquis of Tang, so he was also called taotangfamily. Yao was promoted to be the leader at the age of 16. After 90 years inoffice, he established the capital of Pingyang and designated nine states,forming the earliest pattern in China; he established the calendar, extensivelydug wells, promoted farming, and promoted the progress of human beings withancient science; he established "Huabiao Mu" and "dare to admonish drum",implemented abdication, and pioneered democratic politics; he enlightened thepeople, coordinated with all nations, and created a prosperous age of Yao, Tian,Shun and RI. Confucius praised Yao, saying: "only heaven is great, only Yaois.". Emperor Yao died at the age of 114. So far, people call him "the year ofYao".
The four ministers on both sides of Yao and Yao were called "fivephoenixes": Si Yue, the officials in charge of mountain sacrifice in Yao period.Houji was the minister in charge of agriculture. Xihe was an astronomer and anofficial in charge of the calendar in Yao Dynasty. Gao Tao, who was appointed asDali in the Yao Dynasty, was a minister in charge of criminal law. He was a lawenforcer and was fair and honest. It is said that "painting the land as aprison" was his people's idea.
Guangyun hall is the main hall of Yao temple complex. The project is anational key restoration project with a construction area of more than 2400square meters and a construction cost of 1.05 million yuan (1983 cost). Thebuilding is a large wooden building without brackets in Qing Dynasty. Mr. FengDongqing, a senior expert of Shanxi Institute of ancient architectureprotection, presided over the survey, restoration design and engineeringtechnical guidance according to the current components and historical data. Thedesign period of the project is from June 1983 to July 1987.
Bedroom
Yao's palace was built in the reign of emperor Linde of Tang Dynasty (664AD). There are statues of Emperor Yao and his wife, the deer fairy. It is saidthat not long after Emperor Yao's capital was set in Pingyang, he went to thefairy cave to inspect the people's feelings and met the deer fairy. They fell inlove and got married. The place where they got married was in Luxian cave. Onthe night of marriage, the mountain peak on the opposite side was red, like acandle. Since then, people called the cave where Emperor Yao and his wife gotmarried separately as "bridal chamber", and there was a saying that the bridalchamber was a night of flowers and candles in the world. Therefore, the houseswhere Chinese people got married were all called "bridal chamber".
Ancestor worship Hall
Chinese people have the virtue of worshiping their ancestors since ancienttimes. Yao, Shun and Yu are the common ancestors of the Chinese nation and thegreat ancestors. The ancestral hall of Yao temple is the hall where the Chinesepeople worship their ancestors. It is dedicated to the tablets of surnames ofthe descendants of Emperor Yao, Shun and Yu, covering most of the thousands ofsurnames. In the cultural hall of ancestor worship, we can understand ourancestors, know our roots, and find the roots of blood, the soul of spirit, andthe source of ancestor culture.
Yushun Hall
The architectural style of Shun hall is the pattern of Ming and QingDynasties. It is a double eaves Xieshan style with a height of 15.5 meters. Inthe hall, the statue of Yushun is 3.5 meters high, which breaks the color ofdeification and officialdom, and is designed and sculpted with the image ofhuman ancestors. Yao visited Shun when he was in power for 70 years. After threeyears of investigation, Shun assisted the government for 20 years, abdicated toshun, and died eight years later. Shun followed Emperor Yao and abdicated thethrone to Yu in his old age. This is the "abdication of Yao and Shun" in Chinesehistory.
The surname of Shun is Yao, and his name is Chonghua. He belongs to the Yufamily, so he is called Yushun. After taking over the throne of Yao, Shundeveloped production, built water conservancy, reduced punishment, widelypromoted benevolent government, made the country peaceful and peaceful, andmanaged the country in a peaceful and prosperous age. Shun was famous for hisfilial piety at the age of 20. At the age of 30, Yao used him. At the age of 50,he was the emperor's official. At the age of 61, he succeeded Yao to the throneof God. When he ascended the throne for 39 years, he visited the South and diedin Cangwu. He was buried in Jiuyi mountain in the south of the YangtzeRiver.
Dayu Hall
The architectural style of Dayu hall is the pattern of the Ming and QingDynasties. It is a double eaves Xieshan style with a height of 15.5 meters. Thesurname of Yu is Si, and his name is Wenming. Yao appointed him to control theflood, and he used the method of blocking to control the flood. As a result, hefailed and was exiled to Yushan and died. Shun recommended Yu for flood control.After being ordered, Yu worked hard and managed the water for 13 years. Hetraveled all over Kyushu and never entered. He successively opened ninemountains, dredged nine lakes, dredged nine rivers, and delimited the boundariesof Kyushu. Finally, he completed the great cause of controlling the soil andwater, and was loved by the common people. So Emperor Shun abdicated hisposition to Yu. When Shun died, Yu was the son of heaven, and his name was XiaHou, so Yu was also called Xia Yu. The statue of Dayu in the hall is 3.5 metershigh, which is based on "Dayu's flood control", highlighting the ancestors'contribution to agricultural water conservancy. The statue is simple andnatural, closer to us, and fully reflects the characteristics of the ancestraltemple of Yao temple.
Chinese Emperor Yao bell
The huadiyao bell, weighing 21 tons, is hung in the tower, which means itwas cast in the 21st century. It is 366 cm high, symbolizing 366 days in thelunar calendar. It is 240 cm in diameter, symbolizing 24 festivals in a year. Ithas 12 teeth, implying 12 months in a year; The clock face is inlaid with eightpatterns: Houyi shooting the sun, Dayu controlling the flood, Xihe making thecalendar, gaotao divine judgment, hehe discussing politics, Ligeng Luqiu, Lishanvisiting the sages, abdicating Yushun. It shows rich Yao culture, praises theachievements and virtues of the "three saints", and praises the prosperous YaoTianshun day.
"Yaodianbi" corridor
"Yao Dian wall" is located in the east of Yao palace. It is 300 meters longfrom north to South and 3.3 meters high. It is inlaid with 380 steles andengraved with more than 30000 characters. It is the first memorial wall carvedwith historical documents of Yao, Shun and Yu in China. It has high historicaland cultural value. The contents of the inscriptions extend from south to north,with both pictures and texts. They are divided into 13 parts, namely: Shangshu.Yao Dian, Yao Dian Tu Shuo, Shang Shu. Shun Dian, Shun Dian Tu Shuo, Shang Shu.Dayu Mo, Dayu MOTU Shuo, Shangshu. Yu Gong, Yu Gong Tu Shuo, Emperor praisingYao, sages chanting Yao, biography of Yao in Benji, comments on Yao in classicsand records of Yao in shizai, etc. "Yaodianbi" is a refined history of theachievements of the three sages, "yaodianbi corridor" is known as "the firstcorridor in the world".
The best drum in the world
"Chinese Emperor Yao drum" is called the first drum in the world. So far,there is no drum bigger than it. The drum is 3.11 meters in diameter and 1.2meters in height. Both sides of the drum are made of cow hide. It was recordedin the Guinness Book of world records in 20__.
Emperor Yao "dare to admonish the drum", speak widely, listen to the sage,accept admonition to eliminate the disadvantages, created the precedent ofdemocratic administration, and brought the flourishing age of "Emperor Yao andEmperor Shun". To set drums in the Yao temple is to carry forward the spirit ofEmperor Yao, inherit civilization and develop healthy atmosphere. This drum ismade by Xiangfen Hongyue drum factory. Factory director Wei Hongyue spent half ayear searching all over the country before he found these two pieces of cowhideand made this drum which symbolizes the democratic spirit of our ancestors.
ornamental column
The wooden piles on both sides of Yao hall are the "defamation wood" set upby Yao, also known as Huabiao wood. "Cihai" records: "Huabiao, also known ashuanbiao, is a wooden post used in ancient times to express the king's advice ordirection.". Yao was a wise monarch who started the Chinese civilization. Thepurpose of setting up the slander wood was to solicit public opinions and listento the opinions of the people, so as to improve the government. In order to getrid of everyone's scruples and achieve the goal that the speaker is not guiltyand speaks freely, we set up this libel wood specially. It can be said that"defamatory wood" is a preliminary evaluation of Yao's democratic politics. Withthe development of the times, defamation wood evolved into fine carved stonecolumns, forming a magnificent watch wrapped with dragons. However, it has lostthe original intention of Emperor Yao to set up defamation wood, and has becomean ornament of emperors' palaces and a symbol of emperors' dignity.
Huabiao was created by Yao and began in the capital of Yao. In 20__, webuilt a "Yaodu Huabiao" in Yaodu square, which is 21 meters high, implying the21st century; the column body is curled with the Chinese century dragon,vigorous and powerful; the roar at the top indicates the great rejuvenation ofthe Chinese nation; the base has the pattern of the great wall and the Hukouwaterfall of the Yellow River, symbolizing the long history of the Chinesenation and the eternal stability of the country, which is the first Huabiao inChina.
Thousand family name memorial wall
On the west side of the square in front of the gate of the Yao palace,there is a 6.6-meter-high, 100 meter long memorial wall of the thousandsurnames, which is shaped like the great wall and constructed of granite. It isthe most magnificent in the world. The commemorative wall is engraved with 1566surnames, carved in four traditional Chinese calligraphy styles of Zhen, Cao, Liand Zhuan, and inlaid with eight prominent characters of "Chinese descendants,the same root, the same ancestor". In front of the memorial wall, thelarge-scale bronze sculpture of "fallen leaves returning to their roots"symbolizes that the Chinese nation is far-reaching and deeply rooted, and hasstrong blood ties.
Stereoscopic topographic map of China
Located in Huabiao square, the three-dimensional map of China's terrain isproduced at a scale of one billionth. It covers an area of 9600 square metersand is divided into four color areas. The three-dimensional display ofmountains, rivers, plateaus, plains, lakes and islands is novel and spectacular.It can be called the largest three-dimensional miniature landscape of China'sterrain in China.
Chart of 24 solar terms
Yao appointed Xihe, Xizhong and others to observe the astronomicalphenomena. According to the law of the sun, moon and stars, he formulated thecalendar. A year takes 366 days as a cycle, and the remaining days are solved bymoistening the moon. This is the origin of the lunar calendar. Yao's calendarordered agriculture, improved productivity, and promoted the progress of humancivilization. Therefore, stone carvings symbolizing the sun, moon and stars andcalendar maps of 24 solar terms were carved on both sides of the Yaomenpassageway in front of the palace, which vividly displayed Emperor Yao'sachievements and made the ancestral Yao Temple more cultural.
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