必修三unit4-学案

必修三Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars 单词学案

1. astronomy [ə'strɒnəmɪ] 天文学 astronomer [ə'strɒnəmə] n. 天文学家 biology [baɪ'ɒlədʒɪ] 生物学 biologist [baɪ'ɒlədʒɪst] n. 生物学家

geography [dʒɪ'ɒgrəfɪ] 地理学 geologist [dʒɪ'ɒlədʒɪst] n. 地质学家，地质学者

physics ['fɪzɪks] 物理 physicist ['fɪzɪsɪst] 物理学家 physical物理的,身体的 science科学 scientist科学家 chemistry chemist

2. atom ['ætəm] cn. 原子carbon ['kɑːb(ə)n] n. [化学] 碳 nitrogen ['naɪtrədʒ(ə)n] n. [化学] 氮vapor [veipə] 水蒸气 oxygen ['ɒksɪdʒ(ə)n] n 氧 dioxide [daɪ'ɒksaɪd] n. 二氧化物 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳low-carbon lifestyle低碳生活方3. solar ['səʊlə] adj.太阳的；日光的, 阳历的 solar energy solar system solar year （lunar year） 4.system ['sɪstəm]c n.系统,体系,制度 systematic [sɪstə'mætɪk]adj.成系统的，成体系的

a new education system transport system 运输系统 a heating system 供热系统 a systematic way 一个成系统的方法 5. religion [rɪ'lɪdʒ(ə)n] n. 宗教；宗教信仰 adj 有宗教信仰的 虔诚的 6. .theory ['θɪərɪ] cn.学说，理论 pl in theory 理论上，按理说

That really sounds fine ______ ______, but do you think it is good in practice? 7.billion ['bɪljən] n. 十亿 billionaire [bɪljə'neə] n. 亿万富翁 billions of stars two billion stars

million ['mɪljən] 百万 billionaire 百万富翁 millions of two million 8. globe [gləʊb] n.球体，地球仪，地球(the globe) lamp globe 灯泡 ; 球灯罩

global ['gləʊb(ə)l] adj.全球性的，全世界的 worldwide adj\\adv fight global warming 9. violent ['vaɪəl(ə)nt] adj.猛烈的，激烈的，暴躁的 n. violence adv. violently

①violent crimes/movies a violent man. ②______ storm 暴风骤雨③She shook her head__________强烈地 ④There is too much_____________ on TV. ⑤ answer violence with violence

patient –patience different—difference important—importance dependent dependence intelligent intelligence 10. atmosphere ['ætməsfɪə] 大气层，气氛

① Completely lost in the exciting________of football match, he didn't feel his pocket picked. ②I like the atmosphere we can express ourselves freely. 11. .unlike prep.不同,不像;---反义词 like prep 像 look like be like

Music is quite unlike any other art form. It’s very unlike him to be so late.

like v.喜欢 She is like /resembles her mother She likes swimming. dislike v.不喜欢She dislikes swimming. Likes and dislikes

12. fundamental [fʌndə'ment(ə)l] adj. 基本的，基础的Hard work is to success.

the fundamental rules of mathematics

13.presence ['prez(ə)ns] . 存在；出席；参加 in sb’s presence in the presence of sb 当着sb的面

present [prɪˈzent ] vt.赠送 ,颁发,呈现 ～sb. with sth./ ～sth. to sb.

①They present precious gifts to the boy. ②The ships in the bay present a beautiful sight. ['preznt] adj.①现在的,当前的;the present situation

②在场的,出席的(后置定语)All the people present voted for him.

★be present at ★be absent from

['preznt] n. ①礼物=gift; ②现在，目前★at present/at the present time At present, we will present a present to our friend 14 . harmful adj 有害的 n vt adj.无害的________

★do harm to sb/do sb harm=harm sb 对sb有害 ★be harmful/harmless to 对…有害(无害) Smoking _____ _________ ____/______ _______ _____ your health.

扩展：▲do / cause damage to … e.g. The heavy rain didn’t do much damage to the crops. 能力提升：The damage the earthquake _________ the village is great.

15 chain [tʃeɪn] 链子，连锁，锁链 a chain of supermarkets/a supermarket chain a chain of events 1 / 4

必修三unit4-学案

The prisoners were kept in chains.囚犯戴着镣铐

16.reaction [rɪ'ækʃ(ə)n] n.反应，回应 v. react to对…做出反应They angrily to the news. respond [rɪ'spɒnd] vi. 回答；作出反应 respond to sth response [rɪ'spɒns] in response to 17. multiply ['mʌltɪplaɪ] (v)乘，增加 ★multiply A and B /multiply A by B ①Two_________by four is/makes/equals eight. (multiplied) ② Our problems have since last year.

multi-purpose tools 多用途工具 multicultural adj.多元文化的 multi-media多媒体 multiple ['mʌltɪpl] Choice 多选题 multitask [mʌltɪ'tɑːsk] 多重任务

18. exist [ɪɡ'zɪst] vi.存在，生存 existence [ɪɡ'zɪstəns] n. 存在，生存 existing adj.现存的，现行的existing laws ①Does life______ on other planets? ②There life on the moon. ③come into existence/being存在，产生 19.thus [ðʌs] adv.因此,于是 (therefore) The storm came, thus killing many people.结果状语 20.puzzle ['pʌz(ə)l] n.谜，难题 crossword puzzles 纵横字谜 find the answer to a puzzle

vt.&vi (使)迷惑，(使)为难— n

puzzling adj.令人迷惑的 puzzled adj.感到迷惑的=confused

be puzzled at/by对……感到迷惑 a ook\\expression\\voice 21.gentle ['dʒentl] adj 温和的 文雅的 in a voice be gentle with animals gentleman n. 绅士 adv. He treats everyone___________. (gently) 22.extinct [ɪk'stɪŋkt] adj. 灭绝的 绝种的 extinction [ɪk'stɪŋkʃən] n.灭绝 die out (物种,家族) 灭绝; 风俗习惯 过时

① If we continue to destroy nature, many more animals will become __________.

②The custom is ________ ___. ③Many species of animals are in danger of dying out. 23.climate ['klaimit] n.①气候（地区的长期的气候状况）②一般(社会)风气 weather: n. 天气（短期内的天气状况）

①Britain has a temperate __________.英国气候温和. ②the present political _________ .(climate) ③The __________ is changeable. 天气变化无常。

24. crash [kræʃ] vi. /vt. 碰撞 坠落 n. ①撞车 ②飞机坠毁 a car crash an air crash

①There was a car in which two cars crashed. ②The plane into the mountain. ③ a car 撞毁的汽车 25. pull [pʊl] n.&vt.拉；拖；牵引力 pull in 进站 pull out 出站，使…摆脱困境 pull over 靠边停车 pull up (使)停车 pull through渡过难关 恢复健康 pull down拆毁 She was so ill that it seemed unlikely that she would pull through. push 推；逼迫 push sb. to do ... Don't push him so hard.

26. lessen vi 减少 widen sharpen enrich enlarge broaden encourage strengthen 27. float vt./vi.（使）(在水上,空中)漂浮；浮动 n.漂浮物

①Wood _________ on water. ② I looked up at the clouds in the sky. ★flow（flowed, flowed）(河水、液体等)流，流动; (长发，长袍)飘垂

③Her hair (down) over her shoulders. ④ Blood round the body 28.weightlessly adv失重地；

weight n.重量 weigh 称… 的重量vt；称起来为…vi；权衡，斟酌vt； ①It is about 76 kilos in weight. ②Bananas are sold by weight.(by the jin)

③She weighs 60 kilos. ④In such a delicate situation I have to weigh my words. ⑤The stone weighing 60 kilos is heavy to lift.

29. exhaust [ɪɡ'zɔst] vt. 用尽,耗尽,使筋疲力尽 exhausting 使筋疲力尽的 exhausted 精疲力竭的 be exhausted=be tired out=be worn out=give out 30.cabin ['kæbɪn]小屋，船舱

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必修三unit4-学案

31.gravity 'ɡrævəti]万有引力，重力 the law of gravity dinosaur ['daɪnəsɔː] n.恐龙 satellite ['sætəlaɪt] 卫星，人造卫星 spaceship n.宇宙飞船 in space outer space 外太空 inner space comet ['kɒmɪt] n. [天] 彗星 mammal ['mæml] n. [脊椎] 哺乳动物 acid['æsɪd] n酸 dissolve [dɪ'zɒlv] vi\\vt 溶解；解散

重点短语：

1.in time 1) 及时，终于,最后Cancer can be cured if discovered_____ _______.

2)迟早，早晚（= sooner or later） You will succeed ___ _____ if you keep on working hard. 相关短语 :ahead of time提前 take your time不着急,慢慢来 at one time一度,曾经 at times偶尔 on time按时 in no time立刻 from time to time不时，偶尔 at the same time 同时 keep up with the times与时俱进，跟上时代

at a time一次几个 she ran up the stairs two at a time. at no time 绝不 At no time can we give up learning. 2 lay eggs下蛋

vi. 撒谎 lie---lied—lied—lying 躺, 位于lie---lay—lain---lying

vt. 放置,产卵,下蛋 lay—laid---laid—laying I lay awake under the darkness in the world The hen_______two eggs yesterday. (laid) ______ the table and we will have lunch. (Lay) 3.give birth to 生(孩子); 产生

①She died after______ ___ ____ a little baby. ②The small town gave birth to many famous people. 4.in one’s turn 轮到某人，接着 by turns 轮流,交替地 in turn依次;反过来 in return 作为回报 take turns to do sth./doing sth 轮流做某事 It is one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事 ①I told Frank and he __________________told Peter. (in his turn) ②We did the work _______________. (by turns) ③We ____________ to ask questions. (take turns) ④It is my turn to do the housework this week. 5. prevent …(from） 阻止…做某事=stop sb./sth.(from) doing keep sb./sth.from doing （否定句中，from不可省）We must prevent the water from______________(pollute).

protect... from.sth.(或against)使…免于…；防止…遭受… The glasses protect our eyes from sun. 6.block out 挡住（光线） The wall blocks out all the light.

7. cheer up 感到高兴 感到振奋 I ________ _____ at the good news. The good news ________ me up. 8.now that 既然=since Now that you are busy, let me do it for you.

9.break out 突然发生,爆发(主语一般是fire, fighting, quarrel, war, argument,)不用被动语态。 eg. The war ________ ______ in 1937 was terible.

词语辨析：happen break out take place come about How did the accident _______? World WarⅠ_________ in 1914.

Great changes have taken place in my home town. How did it ？ break down break up break in break into the room break through

10. watch out for密切注视；当心；提防 watch out =look out ,接宾语时，常与for 连用。 eg. ________ _____; there is danger ahead. Watch out ______ cars while crossing the street. 11.get the hang of 得知……的窍门；熟悉某物的用法；理解某事，摸清概况；鉴赏 It is difficult for a foreigner to get the hang of English idioms.

课文重点句型：

1.①What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago

②when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became ③so violent that it was not clear ④whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon ......and other gases, ⑤which were to make the earth's atmosphere. ⑥What is even more important is that as the earth cooled 3 / 4

必修三unit4-学案

down, water began to appear on its surface. ①主语从句，其be to do 表将来发生的动作或\"想要\"表意愿 The flowers should be watered, if they are to survive. ②时间状语从句 短语 settle into 在此为“形成”

③so ...that ...结果状语从句 辨析填空He is so clever _____ everyone likes. He is clever _____ everyone likes him.

2.It was not immediately obvious ①that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. ②What many scientist believe is ③that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produced a chain reaction,④which made it possible for life to develop. ③表语从句短语; allow sb. to do ... allow doing....(forbid,advice, permit...) dissolve into；(使)溶入, 隐入，渐失：The rider dissolved into the mists

被感动，情不自禁：He was moved to dissolve into tears while watching the movie. ④非限定性定语从句find/make/think/consider +it +adj./n.+to do (it作形式宾语) We find it impossible to climb to the top of the hill in such bad weather. We think it our duty to help you out of trouble. 3. Next,green plants began to grow on land. They were followed in time by land animals. Some were insects. Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well we in the water. 4. Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.

remain v.剩下余留残存 After a fire, nothing remained. After washing many times, the smell still stayed. 保持；继续；仍然处于He still remained a teacher. Please remain seated/sitting until the bus stops.

★remain to be seen/done 拭目以待 仍有待于... The answers to all these questions remain to be seen. The details remain to be settled remaining adj. 剩下的，剩余的 There are 5 books remaining. There is 5minutes left.

5.As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become ①too hot to love on. So ②whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on ③whether this problem can be solved. ①动词主表被动 The grapes sells well. We all have a room to live in. The question is difficult to answer. I find the chair comfortable to sit in.

6.But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried① twice as far as on the earth and fell over.\"Oh dear,\" I cried,\"walking does need ②a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.\" After a while I got the hang of it and we began to enjoy ourselves. ①倍数的表达方式：(more than) 倍数+as+形容词+as... 倍数+形容词比较级+than...

倍数+the size（length，width，height，depth）of...

这个房子是那个的三倍大。eg. This house is three times as big as that one.

This house is three times the size of that one. This house is twice bigger than that one. ②a bit of= a little +water a bit = a little +adj./adv. not a bit= not at all not a little = very much He was not a bit tired after a day's work. He is not a little happy to see his wife agin.

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