大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷234 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有： 3. Reading Comprehension
Part III Reading Comprehension
Section C
If you’re finding it tough to land a job, try expanding your job-hunting plan to include the following strategies: Set your target. While you should always keep your options open to compromise, you should also be sure to target exactly what you want in a job. A specific job hunt will be more efficient than a random one. Schedule abundant interviews. Use every possible method to get interviews—answering ads, using search firms, contacting companies directly, surfing the Web, and networking. Even if a job is not perfect for you, every interview can make you learn from it. Follow up. Even if someone does not hire you, write them a thank-you note for the interview. Then, some weeks later, send another brief letter to explain that you still have not found the perfect position and that you will be available to interview again if the original position you applied for—or any other position, for that matter—is open. Do this with every position you interview for, and you may just catch a break. Make it your full-time job. You can’t find a job by looking infrequently. You have to make time for it. If you’re unemployed and looking for a job, devote as much time as you would to a full-time job. If you have a job while you’re looking, figure out an organized schedule to maximize your searching time. Network vertically (纵向地). In the research phase of your job hunt, talk to people who are on a level above you in your desired industry. They’ll have some insights that people at your own level won’t have, and will be in a good position to hire you or recommend you to be hired. Keep your spirits up. Looking for a job is one of the toughest things you will ever have to do. Maintain your confidence, stay persistent, and think positively, and eventually you will get a job that suits you.
1． According to the author, your job-hunting plan had better be as _____ as possible.
A．random B．clear C．fixed D．complex
正确答案：B
解析：事实细节题。第2段第3句是一个表示对比的句子，表明了找工作应该specific，而不应该random，由此可确定B是正确选项。本题较具干扰性的是选项C，但是specific(明确的)并不表示找工作的计划应该fixed(不能改变)，而且
fixed与第2句中的compromise(折中)表达的意思矛盾，因此选项C不正确。 知识模块：仔细阅读
2． The “search firms” are most probably_____. A．companies that have vacant posts available B．companies that supply website-search service C．companies that provide job-hunting service
D．companies that study job market and employment rate
正确答案：C
解析：词义推断题。本题可用排除法通过对比得出正确答案。文中第3段第2句列举了安排面试的方法，选项A其实与该句第三个方法中的companies所指一致；选项B与句中最后两个方法重叠了：选项D根本不能表达search的意思；所以只有C是正确的。 知识模块：仔细阅读
3． When hunting a job, you’d better communicate with people on a level above you because _____.
A．they will hire you soon
B．they will ask someone to hire you C．you will benefit from their fame D．you can learn from them
正确答案：D
解析：推理判断题。本题考查复合句的理解。从倒数第2段第3句的定语从句可见，和高一层次的人物交谈，主要是因为他们具有你所不具备的insights，由此可推断出和他们交谈可以向他们学习，即选项D。选项A和B中因为有hire一词，因此看起来与原文有相似之处，但是选项A和B中的will表示的语气过于绝对，与原文中be in a good position(易于)不相符。 知识模块：仔细阅读
4． As indicated in the passage, in order to get a suitable job, you should _____. A．always keep an optimistic spirit B．mainly focus on a full-time job C．apply for one job at one time D．follow other people’s footsteps
正确答案：A 解析：事实细节题。选项A是对文章末段第1句和最后一句中的confidence，persistent和positively等说法的近义替换。最具干扰性的是选项B，该选项与文中第5段”Make it your full-time job．”在字面上很相近，但是该句的意思并不是建议找一份全职的工作，而是说要把求职当作一份工作那样认真对待。 知识模块：仔细阅读
5． What’s the best title for this passage? A．Interview Strategies.
B．Interview Ceremony. C．Job-hunting Experience. D．Job-hunting Strategies.
正确答案：D 解析：主旨大意题。文章开头第1句即点明全文中心——想找到理想的工作，请尝试以下的策略；接着文中每一段分别指出了一条策略，每一条都用简洁的祈使句句式表达，使读者对文章要点一目了然。本题最具干扰性的是选项A，文章的前半部分都是与interview有关的，但是interview的策略也只是文章的部分内容，而不能概括全文，因此A不正确。 知识模块：仔细阅读
It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints (约束) influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain: your chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you don’t at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beth’s story: I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle (小隔间) offices and window offices. I sat in the cubicles with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles. Several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations for the job. I guess they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way. It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but “nice” isn’t a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, you’ll probably have to ask for it. Performance is your best bargaining chip (筹码) when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs (a new client or a sizable contract, for example) just before merit pay decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise you want Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market. What will someone else pay for your services? Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.
6． According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should_____. A．demonstrate his capability
B．give his boss a good impression C．ask for as much money as he can D．ask for the salary he hopes to get
正确答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第1句。开头立论：“It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement在进入公司以前就谈妥你的最初工资要求要更容易些”。因此，
在接受一份工作前应该先提出期望薪金要求，即D。注意C中as much…as he can意思太绝对，不妥。 知识模块：仔细阅读
7． What can be inferred from Beth’s story?
A．Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations. B．If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for it. C．People should not be content with what they have got D．People should be careful when negotiating for a job.
正确答案：B
解析：推理判断题。Beth的故事是为了证明第1段提出的观点，主要依据第2段第1句，第3段最后一句再次印证。核心词为ask for。 知识模块：仔细阅读
8． We can learn from the passage that_____. A．unfairness exists in salary increases
B．most people are overworked and underpaid C．one should avoid overstating one’s performance
D．most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises
正确答案：A
解析：推理判断题。从Beth的故事中不难总结出：如果你要求加薪或提升，你可能就会得到满足；你如果不要求，老板就可能不予考虑。因此在salary increase中含有很大的主观因素，故而unfair。直接依据为第3段第1句。 知识模块：仔细阅读
9． To get a pay raise, a person should_____. A．advertise himself on the job market
B．persuade his boss to sign a long-term contract
C．try to get inside information about the organization
D．do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions
正确答案：D
解析：事实细节题。根据倒数第3段，performance“工作表现”，timing“抓住时机”和information“利用信息”是加薪的三大筹码。D与其中对timing的阐述一致。 知识模块：仔细阅读
10． To be successful in negotiations, one must_____. A．meet his boss at the appropriate time B．arrive at the negotiation table punctually
C．be good at influencing the outcome of the interaction D．be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikes
正确答案：C
解析：事实细节题。最后一段指出，带着准备好的筹码去跟老板商谈加薪，并在合适的时候拿出来，而且要运用一定的交际手段引导谈判的发展方向，即C。注意其中place your chips on the table at the appropriate time“在适当的时候拿出筹码”不等于A中的meet his boss at the appropriate time。 知识模块：仔细阅读
President Coolidge’s statement, “The business of America is business,” still points to an important truth today—that business institutions have more prestige (威望) in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige? One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected. Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly (垄断) of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers’ dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves. A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, than democracy in preserving freedom. Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic (贵族的) idea of inherited privilege.
11． The statement “The business of America is business” probably means “_____”.
A．The business institutions in America are concerned with commerce B．Business problems are of great importance to the American government C．Business is of primary concern to Americans D．America is a great power in world business
正确答案：C
解析：词义理解题。回答本题的关键是理解business的两个不同的含义：①商业，生意；②职责，事物，事。句中前一个business的意思应当是“事物，职
责”，而后一个business的意思应当是“商业”，因此C为正确答案。 知识模块：仔细阅读
12． Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only_____. A．when given equality of opportunity B．through doing business
C．by protecting their individual freedom D．by way of competition
正确答案：D
解析：事实细节题。解题关键在于对第2段最后一句定语从句的理解。该句指出竞争是对基本美国价值的保护伞，故可知，D为正确答案。 知识模块：仔细阅读
13． Who can benefit from business competition? A．Honest businessmen.
B．Both businessmen and their customers. C．People with ideals of equality and freedom. D．Both business institutions and government.
正确答案：B
解析：推理判断题。第3段提到，商业之间为利润而互相竞争，因此商人在竞争中能获利；而对待其顾客不好的商家会被友好地对待其顾客的商家在竞争中打败，因此顾客也能从竞争中获利，所以B为正确答案。 知识模块：仔细阅读
14． Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by_____.
A．its absolute control of power
B．its function in preserving personal freedom C．its role in protecting basic American values D．its democratic way of exercising leadership
正确答案：A
解析：事实细节题。第4段第1句提到，商业与政府的不同之处在于商业是竞争性的，而政府是垄断性的，也即有着绝对的控制权，因此A为正确答案。 知识模块：仔细阅读
15． It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes _____. A．Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries B．in many countries success often depends on one’s social status
C．American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries D．businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America
正确答案：B
解析：推理判断题。第5段第3句提到，靠竞争而来的成功通常被看作是用来替代基于家庭背景的社会地位的成功的美国式的成功。”其言下之意是在别的国家成功不是靠竞争，而是靠社会地位，因此B为正确答案。 知识模块：仔细阅读
Henry Ford, the famous U.S. inventor and car manufacturer, once said, “The business of America is business.” By this he meant that the U.S. way of life is based on the values of the business world. Few would argue with Ford’s statement. A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much people in the United States think about business. For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and projects, finances and management, stock prices and labor problems of corporations are reported daily. In addition, business news can appear in every other section. Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. Welfare, foreign aid, the federal budget, and the policies of the Federal Reserve Bank are all heavily affected by business. Moreover, business news appears in some of the unlikeliest places. The world of arts and entertainment is often referred to as “the entertainment industry” or “show business.” The positive side of Henry Ford’s statement can be seen in the prosperity that business has brought to U.S. life. One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of a better job. Jobs are produced in abundance (大量) because the U.S. economic system is driven by competition. People believe that this system creates more wealth, more jobs, and a materially better way of life. The negative side of Henry Ford’s statement, however, can be seen when the word business is taken to mean big business. And the term big business—referring to the biggest companies, is seen in opposition to labor. Throughout U.S. history working people have had to fight hard for higher wages, better working conditions, and the right to form unions. Today, many of the old labor disputes are over, but there is still some employee anxiety. Downsizing—the laying off of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and profits high—creates feelings of insecurity for many.
16． The United States is a typical country _____. A．which encourages free trade at home and abroad B．where people’s chief concern is how to make money C．where all businesses are managed scientifically
D．which normally works according to the federal budget
正确答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第2段第2句“随便翻下一家日报就可美国人有多么重视商业”可推断出B符合题意。 知识模块：仔细阅读
17． The influence of business in the U.S. is evidenced by the fact that_____. A．most newspapers are run by big businesses
B．even public organizations concentrate on working for profits
C．Americans of all professions know how to do business D．even arts and entertainment are regarded as business
正确答案：D
解析：事实细节题。第2段大量列举了business的影响的例子，特别是根据最后一句“艺术和娱乐界就常被称为‘娱乐业’或‘展览业’”可知D正确，而A、B、C均与原文信息不符。 知识模块：仔细阅读
18． According to the passage, immigrants choose to settle in the U.S., dreaming that_____.
A．they can start profitable businesses there B．they can be more competitive in business C．they will make a fortune overnight there D．they will find better chances of employment
正确答案：D 解析：事实细节题。第3段第2句谈到“如此多的人从世界各地来美国生活，其最重要的原因之一就是梦想找到一份更好的工作”，故选D。 知识模块：仔细阅读
19． Henry Ford’s statement can be taken negatively because _____. A．working people are discouraged to fight for their rights B．there are many industries controlled by a few big capitalists
C．there is a conflicting relationship between big corporations and labor D．public services are not run by the federal government
正确答案：C
解析：推理判断题。本文第4段是在讲Henry Ford的言论的消极面，根据该段中的the biggest companies…in opposition to labor可看出C与之相符，故选C。 知识模块：仔细阅读
20． A company’s efforts to keep expenses low and profits high may result in_____.
A．reduction in the number of employees B．improvement of working conditions
C．fewer disputes between labor and management D．a rise in workers’ wages
正确答案：A
解析：事实细节题。根据文章的最后一句，可知downsizing-the laying off of thousands of workers正是一些公司节约成本提高利润的手段，A为原文该句的同义改写，故选A。 知识模块：仔细阅读
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