一、做细节事实题的方法在阅读理解题目中，有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。这些题目有两个共同特点：(1)凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。(2)干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。二、做推理判断题的方法所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。中考英语试题中的推断题主要有以下几种：1．事实推断这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。例如：Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanyoumostpossiblywatchonTV?A.Youoftenplayfootballwithyourfriendsafterschool.B.Yourteacherhasgotacold.C.Atigerinthecityzoohasrunoutandhasn’tbeencaught.D.Thebikeinfrontofyourhouseislost.在阅读材料中，有这样一段文字：Secondly,anewsstoryhastobeinterestingandunusual.Peopledon’twanttoreadstoriesabouteverydaylife.Asaresult,manystoriesareaboutsomekindofdangerandseemtobe“bad”news.根据这段文字，我们可以推断：电视报道的新闻故事必须是有趣的和不平常的。因此，正确答案应为C。2．指代推断确定代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目。要确定指代词所指代的对象，关键在于对所在上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词，其单复数形式英语被指代的词一致，因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象第一个辅助标志。3．逻辑推断这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感觉。14．对作者的意图和态度的推断这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。【实例一】Mostpeoplewanttowork,butithasbecomemoredifficultintoday’sworldtofindworkforeveryone.Theeconomy(经济)oftheworldneedstogrowby4%eachyearjusttokeeptheoldnumberofjobsforpeople.Oftenthisisnotpossible,andsomorepeopleareoutofwork.Somepeoplehavenojobsnowbecausenewmachinescandotheworkofmanypeopleinshorttime.Also,machinesdonotaskformoremoneyandlongerholiday.Inallofthecountriesoftheworld,machinesaretakingworkfrompeople,notonlyinfactoriesbutalsoonthefarms.Onemachinecanoftendotheworkfromfortypeople.About75,000peoplearemovingtothecitiesadaytolookforjobs,butonly70%ofthemcanfindjobs.1.Itwas_______forpeopletofindworkbeforethantoday.A.notpossibleB.difficultC.moredifficultD.easier2.Iftheeconomyoftheworldgrowsby4%eachyear,_______.A.peoplewillhavenojobsC.4%ofthepeoplewillhavejobsB.peoplecanstillhavejobsasbeforeD.97%ofthepeoplewillhavejobs3.Onemachinecandoasmuchworkas_______.A.40%ofthepeopleC.40peopleB.4%ofthepeopleintheworldD.75,000people4.Howmanypeopleoutsidecitiesgointotolookforjobseachday?A.70%ofthepeople.C.Morethan75,000.B.4%ofthepeopleintheworld.D.About75,000people.5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Machinesaretakingworkinsteadofpeople.B.Nowmorepeopleareoutofwork.C.Machinesneedmoremoneyandlongerholidays.D.Mostpeoplewanttohavejobs.【答案及解析】21.由短文的第一句话Ithasbecomemoredifficultintoday’sworldtofindworkforeveryone.可知现在找工作比以前更困难，即以前找工作比现在容易得多。所以答案选D。2.由短文的第二句话Theeconomyoftheworldneedstogrowby4%eachyearjusttokeeptheoldnumberofjobsforthepeople.准确地理解了这一句话的意思就能得出正确答案为B。3.由短文的倒数第二句话Onemachinecanoftendotheworkoffortypeople.可知此题的正确答案为C。4.此题根据原文的最后一句话可直接得出答案为D。5.此题在原文中都可找到答案，而C答案与作者的观点Machinesdonotaskformoremoneyandlongerholiday.不一致，所以选C。【实例二】Ayoungmanoncewentintotownandboughthimselfapairoftrousers.Whenhegothome,hewentupstairstohisbedroomandputthemon.Hefoundthattheywereabouttwoinchestoolong.Hecamedownstairs,wherehismotherandhistwosisterswerewashingupteathingsinthekitchen.“Thesenewtrousersaretoolong.”Hesaid.“Theyneedshortening(缩短)byabouttwoinches.Wouldoneofyouminddoingthisforme,please?”Hismotherandsisterswerebusyandnoneofthemsaidanything.Butassoonashismotherhadfinishedwashingup,shewentquietlyupstairstoherson’sbedroomandshortenedthetrousersbytwoinches.Shecamedownstairswithoutsayinganythingtoherdaughters.Lateron,aftersupper,theeldersisterrememberedherbrother’strousers.Shewasakind-heartedgirl,soshewentquietlyupstairswithoutsayinganythingtoanyone,andshortenedthetrousersbytwoinches.Theyoungersisterwenttothecinema,butwhenshecameback,she,too,rememberedwhatherbrotherhadsaid.Sosheranupstairsandtooktwoinchesoffthelegsofthenewtrousers.1.Theyoungmanboughtthenewtrousers_______hissize.A.aslongasC.asbigasB.twoincheslongerthanD.twoinchesshorterthan2.Heasked_______toshortenhisnewtrousers.A.hismotherandsistersC.hiseldersister3.Hismotherandsisters________.B.histwosistersD.hismotherandoneofhissisters3A.agreedtodothatC.saidnothingtohimB.didn’twanttodothatD.saidsomethingtohim4.Hiseldersistershortenedthetrousers________.A.afterfinishedwashingB.beforeshewenttobedC.whenshecamebackfromthecinemaD.afterhavingsupper5.Thenextmorningtheyoungmanwouldfindthetrouserswere_______.A.twoinchesshorterC.sixinchesshorter【答案及解析】1.B.第一段的最后一句Hefoundthattheywereabouttwoinchestoolong.2.A.年轻人提出缩短裤子的要求，这个要求是向在场的妈妈和他的两个姐妹提出的。3.C.因当时妈妈和姐妹俩都忙于干活，所以当时都没有回答他的话。4.D.从第四段的原句(Lateron,aftersupper,theeldersisterrememberedherbrother’strousers)中我们可知是晚饭后去把裤子缩短了。5.C.通读全文，知道有三人把裤子各缩短了两英寸，那么总共缩短了六英寸。B.fourinchesshorterD.eightinchesshorter【实例三】WhenyouarelearningEnglish,youfinditnotclevertoputanEnglishsentence,wordforword,intoyourownlanguage.Takethesentence“Howdoyoudo?”asanexample.Ifyoulookupeachwordinthedictionary,oneatatime,whatisyourtranslation?Itmustbeawrongsentenceinyourownlanguage.Languagesdonotjusthavedifferentsounds,theyaredifferentinmanyways.It’simportanttomaster(掌握)therules(规则)forwordorderinthestudyofEnglish,too.Ifthespeakerputswordsinawrongorder,thelistenercan’tunderstandthespeaker’ssentenceeasily.SometimeswhentheorderofwordsinanEnglishsentenceischanged,themeaningofthesentencechanges,Butsometimestheorderischanged,themeaningofthesentencedoesn’tchange.Let’sseethedifferencebetweenthetwopairsofsentences.“Sheonlylikesapples.”“Onlyshelikesapples.”“Ihaveseenthefilmalready.”“Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.”WhenyouarelearningEnglish,youmustdoyourbesttogetthespirit(精神实质)ofthelanguageanduseitastheEnglishspeakerdoes.41.Fromthepassageweknowthat_______whenwearelearningEnglish.A.weshouldn’tputeverywordintoourownlanguageB.weshouldlookupeverywordinthedictionaryC.weneedtoputeverywordintoourownlanguageD.wemustreadwordbyword2.Thewriterthinksitis_______inlearningEnglish.A.difficulttounderstanddifferentsoundsB.possibletorememberthewordorderC.importanttomastertherulesindifferentwaysD.easytomastertherulesforwordorder3.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.A.themeaningofanEnglishsentencealwayschangeswiththeorderofthewordsB.TheorderofwordscanneverchangethemeaningofanEnglishsentenceC.sometimesdifferentorderofwordshasadifferentmeaningD.iftheorderofwordsisdifferent,themeaningofthesentencemustbedifferent4.“Sheonlylikesapples.”________.A.isthesameas“Onlyshelikesapples.”B.isdifferentfrom“Onlyshelikesapples.”C.means“Shelikesfruitexceptapples.”D.means“Shedoesn’tlikeapples.”5.Whichisthebesttitle(标题)forthispassage?A.DifferentOrders,DifferentMeaningsB.HowtoSpeakEnglishC.HowtoPutEnglishintoOurOwnLanguageD.HowtoLearnEnglish【答案及解析】1.A.从整篇文章我们知道，在学习英语翻译句子时，我们不能逐字逐词译成母语，这样做是不明智的，结果是译成错误的句子。2.B.从文章中的第二段的这一句中It’simportanttomastertherulesforwordorderinthestudyofEnglish,too.可知B项为正确答案。53.C.从文章所举的两组例子和原句SometimeswhentheorderofwordsinanEnglishsentenceischanged,themeaningofthesentencechanges.说明了作者的这一观点：有时，不同的词序会有不同的意思。4.B.Sheonlylikesapples.only在这句中修饰动词likes，意为“她只喜欢苹果，而不喜欢吃其它水果”。Onlyshelikesapples.only在此句中修饰主语she，意为“只有她喜欢苹果，而其他人就不一定喜欢吃苹果了。”所以正确答案是B。5.D.从整篇文章可以看出其大意是“怎样学习英语？”，把它作为标题应该是最佳的。【实例四】AcheapsweaterMr.Fordsawanicesweaterintheshopwindow.Itwasverycheap.Soheboughtone.Whenhewentbackhomeheputthesweateron,Itwasallrightandhewaspleasedwithit.Intheafternoonhewentouttoworkinhisgarden.Itsoonbegantorain,andMr.Fordhadtorunintohishouse.Heranquickly,buthestillgotwet.Thenhissweaterstartedtoshrink.Itgotsmallerandsmaller.Mr.Fordtriedtotakeitoff,buthecouldn’t.Intheend,withthehelpofhiswife,hegotoutofthesweater.Mrs.Fordlaughed,“Yousee,youboughtacheapthing,but…”阅读短文，然后根据文章内容判断下列各句是否正确，对的用“T”、错误的用“F”表示。1.Mr.Fordboughtthesweaterbecauseitwasveryniceandcheap.2.“Shrink”heremeans“becomesmaller”.3.Mr.Fordwasnotgoodatbuyingthings.4.Mr.Fordputthesweateronassoonasheboughtit.5.Mr.Fordtookoffthesweaterbyhimself.【答案与解的】1.T.第1小题的句意与文章的第1自然段意思相同，所以符合短文内容。2.T.从文章的第四自然段可知shrink的意思就是becomesmaller。所以符合短文内容。3.T.Ford先生上午买的衣服下午穿在身上被雨水打湿后就缩小变形了，由此可知Ford先生不擅长买东西。4.F.从文章中的Whenhewentbackhomeheputthesweateron.可知,他是买了带回家才穿的。所以第四小题与短文内容不相符合。65.F.从文章的最后一段可知他是在妻子的帮助下才把衣服给脱下来的。所以与短文内容不相符合。二阅读下列短文，然后根据短文的内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。(1)Weweregoingtoplayagainstateamfromacountryschool.Theydidn’tcomeuntilthelastminute.Theylookedworsethanwehadthought.Theywerewearingdirtybluetrousersandlookedlikefarmboys.Wesatdownforarest.Wefeltthatwedidn’tneedanypracticeagainstateamlikethat.Thegamebegan.Oneofusgottheballandheshotalongpasstoourforward(前锋).FromoutofnowhereaboyinanoldT-shirtstoppedtheballandwithbeautifulstyle(姿势)heshotandgottwopoints.Thenanothertwopointsinaminute.Soonthegamewasallover.Wewerebeatenbythecountryteam.Afterthat,wethoughtalot.Wecertainlylearnedthateventhoughyourteamisverygood,youcan’tlookdownupontheothersandstillneedtodoyourbest.Andthemostimportantlessonwelearnedwas:Onecan’tjudge(判断)apersonorateamonlybytheirclothes.1.Theteamfromthecountrywereinoldclothessothewriter’steam______.A.lookeddownuponthemC.didn’tlikethecityboy2.Thecountryteamarrivedsolatethat______.A.nobodysawthemC.theyhadnotimetowarmupB.thewriter’steamwereangryD.theylookedworseB.couldn’twinD.wereafraidofthem3.Theteamfromthecountrywonbecause______.A.theywereinoldclothesC.theypracticedbeforethegameB.theydidn’tpracticebeforethegameD.theteamwasbetterthanthewriter’s4.Fromthetext,wecanguessthewriter’steamis______.A.abasketballfromacountryschoolB.afootballteamfromaschoolinthecityC.abasketballteamfromaschoolinthecityD.afootballteamfromthecountry75.Thewriter’steamlearnedalotfromthegame.Theygottoknowhowto______.A.dobetterfromthenonC.playagainstaweakteamB.fightagainstthecountryboysD.judgeamanorateambyclothes(2)InAmerica,justasinEurope,menusuallyopendoorsforwomen,andwomenalwayswalkaheadofmenintoaroomorarestaurant,unless(除非)themenhavetobeaheadoftheladiestochoosethetable,toopenthedoorofacarordosomeotherthingsliketheabove.Onthestreet,menalmostalwayswalkorcrossthestreetontheclosersideoftheladiestothetraffic.Butifamanwalkswithtwoladies,heshouldwalkbetweenthem.Thenifthehost(男主人)orhostess(女主人)orbothofthemcomeinacartogettheirguestfordinner,theguestshouldsitatthefrontseatandleavethebackseatthoughthereisnopeoplesittingonit.1.InAmericamenusually______.A.walkaheadofwomenB.eatinarestaurantC.walkbehindwomenD.driveacartowork2.Inthestreetmen______.A.crossthestreetB.walkontherightsideoftheladiesC.walkontheclosersideoftheladiestothetrafficD.walkneartheladies3.Ifamanwalkswithtwoladies,heshould______.A.walkbetweenthemC.followthemB.runbeforethemD.goaway4.IfMrsGreenwantsyoutoherhouseinacar,youshould______.A.sitbesideaguestC.sitatthebackseatB.sitatthefrontseatD.drivethecar3)“Cool”isawordwithmanymeanings.Itsoldmeaningisusedtoexpressatemperaturethatisalittlebitcold.Astheworldhaschanged,thewordhashadmanydifferentmeanings.“Cool”canbeusedtoexpressfeelingsofinterestinalmostanything.Whenyouseeafamouscarinthestreet,maybeyouwillsay,“It’scool.”Youmaythink,“He’ssocool,”whenyouseeyourfavouritefootballer.Weallmaximize(扩大)themeaningof“cool”.Youcanuseitinsteadofmanywordssuchas“new”or“surprising”.Here’saninterestingstorywecanusetoshowthewaythewordisused.Ateacher8askedherstudentstowriteaboutthewaterfall(瀑布)theyhadvisited.Ononestudent’spaperwasjusttheonesentence,“It’ssocool.”Maybehethoughtitwasthebestwaytoshowwhathesawandfelt.Butthestoryalsoshowsascarcity(缺乏)ofwords.Without“cool”,somepeoplehavenowordstoshowthesamemeaning.Soitisquiteimportanttokeepsomecredibility(可信性).Canyouthinkofmanyotherwordsthatmakeyourlifeascolourfulastheword“cool”?Ican.AndIthinktheyarealsoverycool.1.Weknowthattheword“cool”hashad______.A.onlyonemeaningB.nomeaningsC.manydifferentmeaningsD.thesamemeaning2.Inthepassage,theword“express”means“______.”A.SeeB.showC.knowD.feel3.Ifyouare______something,youmaysay,“It’scool.”A.interestedinB.angryaboutC.afraidofD.unhappywith4.Thewritertakesanexampletoshowheis______thewaythewordisused.A.pleasedwithB.strangetoC.worriedaboutD.carefulwith5.Inthepassage,thewritersuggests(暗示)thattheword“cool”______.A.canbeusedinsteadofmanywordsB.usuallymeanssomethinginterestingC.canmakeyourlifecolourfulD.maynotbeascoolasitseems【答案及解析】(1)1.A推理判断题。由Wefeltthatwedidn’tneedanypracticeagainstateamlikethat可推出，作者这一队看不起那个穿得破旧的乡队。2.C推理判断题。由Theydidn’tcomeuntilthelastminute可推出他们到来时已经没有时间做热身运动了。3.D推理判断题。从heshotandgottwopoints.Thenanothertwopointsinaminute…Wewerebeatenbythecountryteam可推断出。4.C推理判断题。从heshotandgottwopoints.Thenanothertwopoints中的得分是每两分两分地进，应当是篮球。从Weweregoingtoplayagainstateamfromacountryschool可推知作者对是城市的。5.A推理判断题。从最后一段可推出。9(2)1.C事实细节题。由第1句中womenalwayswalkaheadofmen可知。2.C事实细节题。由第2句Onthestreet,menalmostalwayswalkorcrossthestreetontheclosersideoftheladiestothetraffic可知。3.A事实细节题。由第3句Butifamanwalkswithtwoladies,heshouldwalkbetweenthem可知。4.B由最后句中theguestshouldsitatthefrontseat可知。(3)1.C事实细节题。由第1段第1句“Cool”isawordwithmanymeanings和第3句thewordhashadmanydifferentmeanings可知。2.B词义猜测题。由第1段末再次出现的toexpressfeelingsofinterestinalmostanything结合后文中toshowwhathesawandfelt和toshowthesamemeaning等思考，不难得出express=show(表达)。3.A事实细节题。由第1段的最后一句“Cool”canbeusedtoexpressfeelingsofinterestinalmostanything可知。4.C推理判断题。由Butthestoryalsoshowsascarcity(缺乏)ofwords可推出。5.D推理判断题。前3个选项都可在短文中找到明显的词句，不是暗示。由文章最后一段可推出答案是D。10
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