第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
In theUnited States, the word \"holiday\" is synonymous with celebration. The following tenholidaysper year are proclaimed by the federal government.
Independence Day
Independence Day is annually celebrated on July 4 and is often known as \"the Fourthof July”. It is the anniversary of the publication of the declaration of independence fromGreat Britainin 1776. Now it is celebrated in all the states. The army marks the occasion by firing a 13-gun salute every year. Ceremonies may include parades, official speeches, visits to historic monuments and fireworks displays.
Memorial Day
This holiday, on the fourth Monday of every May, is a day on which Americans honor the dead. Originally a day on which flags and flowers were placed on graves of soldiers who died in the American Civil War, now it has become a day on which the dead of all wars and all other dead are remembered the same way.
Veterans Day
Veterans Day was established to honor Americans who had served in World War I. It falls on November 11, the day when that war ended in 1918, but it now honors veterans of all wars in which the United States has fought Veterans' organizations hold parades or other special ceremonies, and the US president customarily places a wreath on the Tomb of the Unknowns at Arlington National.
Thanksgiving
Thanksgiving Day is celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November. It has been an annual tradition in theUnited Statessince 1863. Today, people celebrate Thanksgiving to remember these early days. The most important part of the celebration is a traditional dinner. Thanksgiving dinner almost always includes some of the foods served at the first feast: roast turkey, cranberry sauce potatoes pumpkin pies. Before the meal begins, families often pause to give thanks. 1. When isIndependence Day?
A. May 14， B. July 13. C. July 14. D. July 4. 2. Which holiday honors dead soliders?
A. Independence Day. B. Memorial Day. C. Veterans Day. D. Thanksgiving.
3. What will Americans do on Thanksgiving Day?
A. They say thanks. B. They havefriend gatherings. C. They go on holiday. D. They buy many cards.
B
Contrary to the long-held belief that plants in the natural world are always in competition, new research has found that in severe environments adult plants help smaller ones and grow well as a result.
The research, led by Dr Rocio, studied adult and seedling (幼苗)plants in the ecological desert in the south-east of Spain. Dr Rocio said, “If you're a seedling in a poor land — the top of a mountain or a sand hill, for example-and you’re lucky enough to end up underneath a big plant, your chances of survival are certainly better than if you landed somewhere on your own. What we have found, which was surprising, is an established large plant, called a ‘nurse’, protects a seedling; it also produces more flowers than the same plants of similar large size growing on their own.”
Other benefits of nurse-seedling partnerships include that more variety of plants growing together can have a positive effect on the environment. For example, vegetation areas with nurse plants with more flowers might be able to attract higher numbers of pollinators(传粉者)in an area, in turn supporting insect and soil life and even provide a greater range of different fruit types for birds and other animals.
“The biggest winner for this system of nursing a plant is biodiversity(生物多样性),” Dr Rocio said. “The more biodiversean area, the greater number of species of plants, insect life, mammals and birds, and the better the chances of long-term healthy functioning of the environment and ecosystems. ” This system is win-win for adult and seedling plants in unfavorable environments.
The research is of value to those who manage and protect plants in tough environments. Most home gardeners and farmers plan to ensure their soil and conditions are the best they can be for plant growth, but the findings might be of value to those who garden in bare places. 4. What is a common understanding of plants?
A. They can help each other. B. They can survive ill conditions. C. They compete with each other. D. They grow well on their own. 5. What will happen to seedling plants if they grow under adult plants?
A. They will produce more flowers. B. They will die owing to competition.
C. They will make adult plants larger. D. They will get support from adult plants. 6. What is the effect of the nurse-seedling partnership? A. It leads to unfavorable environments. B. It produces long-term healthy chances. C. It attracts higher and larger pollinators. D It provides a more variety of plant types. 7. Who will benefit from the new research? A. People studying organic farming. B. People protecting plants on sand hills. C. People wanting to change biodiversity. D. People keeping more animals on the farm.
C
For most thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident that there is something called human nature, something that constitutes the essence of man. There were various views about what constitutes it, but there was agreement that such an essence exists—that is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man. Thus man was defined as a rational(理性的) being, as a social animal, an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal.
More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned. One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to the historical approach to man. An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our time is so different from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men in every age have had in common something that can be called “human nature.” The historical approach was strengthened, particularly in the United States, by studies in the field of cultural anthropology (人类学). The study of primitive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and thoughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text. Another factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that the concept has so often been abused as a shield(盾牌) behind which the most inhuman acts are committed. In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most thinkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery. Or in order to prove the rationality and necessity of the capitalist form of society, scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness, competitiveness, and selfishness as natural human characters. Popularly, one refers cynically（愤世嫉俗地）to “human nature” in accepting the inevitability of such undesirable human behavior as
greed, murder, cheating and lying.
Another reason for disbelief about the concept of human nature probably lies in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution, the idea of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed untenable. Yet I believe it is precisely from an evolutionary standpoint that we can expect new insight into the problem of the nature of man. 8. Most philosophers believed that human nature ________. A. is the quality distinguishing man from other animals B. consists of competitiveness and selfishness C. is something partly innate and partly acquired D. consists of rationality and undesirable behavior
9. The traditional view of “human nature” was strongly challenged by ________.
A. the emergence of the evolutionary theory B. the historical approach to man C. new insight into human behavior D. the philosophical analysis of slavery 10. According to the passage, anthropologists believe that human beings ________. A. have some characters in common B. are born with diverse cultures C. are born without a fixed nature D. change their characters as they grow up 11. The author mentioned Aristotle, a great ancient thinker, in order to ________. A. emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept of “human nature” B. show that the concept of “human nature” was used to justify social evils C. prove that he had a profound influence on the concept of “human nature” D. support the idea that some human characters are inherited.
D
The grocerystore might not be your favorite place to visit when you're at home, but is it ever fun when you're in another country? Honestly speaking, they're one of those strange little destinations that I like to sniff out everywhere I go, much as other travelers head toward clothing stores, libraries, coffee shops or galleries.
The greatest beauty of the grocery store –– whether it's a supermarket or a tiny shop –– is that it gives you a glimpse into what local people buy to cook their own meals. This offers clues into their lifestyles and preferences, and into the agricultural and cooking practices of the country. I stare at the strange fruits and vegetables, the seafood, the cheese, the spices, the bread, and oh, the chocolate...always the chocolate!
Being the environmental nerd（呆子）I am, I like paying attention to packaging, which can reflect people's
attitudes towards environmental protection. Italy, for example, has a habit of requiring customers to bag their fruits and vegetables in plastic for weighing, while Sri Lanka leaveseverything loose in bins. In Brazil, everything is prepackaged in a layer of plastic.
People in grocery stores tend to be friendlier. They smile, say hello, and sometimes ask questions, which can lead to great conversations. I had a further discussion with a teenaged cashier in Sri Lanka, over which bag of crunchy（松脆的）mix to buy. He insisted that the one labeled “spicy” would be too hot for me, but I told him I was willing to risk it. He laughed and we ended up talking about my favorite Sri Lankan foods for ten minutes.
It's interesting then to come home and look at one's own local grocery store through new eyes. What would a visitor think? What stands out, and what do the food displays say about us as a culture? You might be surprised by what you realize.
12. According to the author, what is the key benefit of visiting foreign grocery stores? A. Learning to cook foreign dishes. B. Making friends with local people. C. Buying cheaper food and souvenirs. D. Knowing local people and the country.
13. What does the author show by mentioning some countries in paragraph 3? A. People's special lifestyles. B. People's shopping habits.
C. People's environmental awareness. D. People's packaging methods. 14. What can we infer from paragraph 4? A. Sri Lankans know a lot about food. B. Grocery stores are good social places. C. Grocery stores vary in different countries. D. Sri Lankans like to give strangers suggestions.
15. Which of the following shows the structure of text? (P: paragraph)
A. B.
C. D.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项
With the development of science and technology, teenagers' learning and working styles have changed accordingly. Some have had to change their habits, or usual ways of doing things. Some who used to go to school are now used to studying at home. Some have been trying to get in the habits of learning on their own.___16___
As teenagers, first of all, you can organize your surroundings in such a way that the clues of your new habits are very obvious.___17___That can help you get in the habits of learning English every day. You can also join a group of other English learners at online meetings and let them see you sign every day.
Of course, there are something else you can do to help.
·Simplify your habits as much as possible. You can decrease the number of steps you have to take in order to study.___18___To be exact, you're suggested beginning your habits with limited, shorter time periods — two minutes.
·Make your habits satisfying.___19___If you study English for 15 minutes, you can reward yourself by listening to favorite songs. Or you can think about how much progress you have made since you first started learning English,
·___20___As you repeat the practice over time, you can go longer. You may have to repeat an action many times before it becomes a habit. But with time, careful planning and continued practice, you can make it. A. Repeat the practice to build a new habit. B. You can also try reducing your study time. C. What will you do in order to develop science? D. Habits are often developed without much difficulty. E. Give yourself a reward after developing your new habits.
F. How might you make new habits connect with learning effectively? G. For example, you can leave English books or notesin a very clear place. 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
Early in my career,I was always shocked by the fact that “expensive” hotels charged extra money for things like Internet access and movies. At the same time, many___21___hotels included everything. Although these less expensive hotels did not have___22___lobbies(大堂), they did offer the things that a young and tired___23___would want: a clean room and a quiet environment.
For the high prices you pay at nice hotels, everything should be___24___. They should give refunds(退款)for the things you don’t___25___instead of tricking their customers.
I once read an article about a government officer who was invited to a very expensive restaurant inWashington. The restaurant’s food and service were both___26___. But there was something that ruined his___27___: the officer was charged＄1 for the ice in his＄7 mixed drink. The fact that he was charged the extra dollar___28___----instead of just being charged＄8---made him so___29___that instead of talking about how wonderful everything was at the restaurant, he___30___talked about the＄21.___31___, he never went back to that restaurant again.
I see the___32___thing is starting to happen in the airline industry. For example, American Airlines is charging＄22. 50 for snacks and＄7 for meals. Unbelievably, sodas and water are still___33___. The airline should just charge a___34___price and give you a refund for what you don’t want or use. This will put more power in the hands of a___35___----the airline might be surprised to find that people are willing to____36____extra services. Just imagine what could happen if you just trust your customers to make their own___37___?
So remember, don't___38___your customers. Instead, charge what you think your service or product is worth and take it from there. This way, you can remove___39___services in exchange for lower prices. It becomes a win-win for you and your customers by sharing buying decisions and therefore giving your customers more___40___.
23. A. brilliant B. affordable C. comfortable D. international 24. A. well-developed B. well-organized C. well-decorated D. well-known
25. A. businessman B. explorer C. student D. traveler 26. A. charged B. accepted C. included D. improved 27. A. use B. buy C. eat D. like
28. A. tasty B. ordinary C. disappointing D. excellent
29. A. activity B. excitement C. adventure D. experience 30. A. completely B. exactly C. separately D. totally 31. A. annoyed B. satisfied C. ashamed D. stressed 32. A. still B. indeed C. hardly D. only
33. A. After all B. As a result C. So far D. To be honest 34. A. same B. different C. funny D. strange 35. A. fresh B. average C. free D. available 36. A. higher B. lower C. better D. cheaper 37. A. employer B. customer C. visitor D. manager 38. A. ask for B. prepare for C. apply for D. pay for 39. A. plans B. minds C. choices D. changes 40. A. embarrass B. cheat C. lose D. puzzles 41. A. terrible B. basic C. unnecessary D. public 42. A. freedom B. support C. warmth D. discount 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
You may wonder why we have a holiday in summer___41.___winter, but not in spring___42.___autumn. There are some reasons___43.___it. Like most people, your intelligence（智力）changes from season to season. You are properly a lot sharper in the spring___44.___you are___45.___any other time of the year. Ellsworth Huntington, who’s well known to us all concluded from other men’s work and his own among people in different climates that climate and temperature have a clear effect___46.___our intelligence. He found that cool weather is far better for creative thinking than warm weather. This___47.___mean that all people are not____48.____quick at learning in the summer as they___49.___during the rest of the year. It tells us,____50.____, that intelligence of large numbers of people seems to be lowest in the summer. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删减或修改。
増加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除:把多余的词用（\\）划掉。
修改:在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。 My mother is really concerning about the health of everyone in our family. However, to keep healthy, she often gives us a balance diet.
Besides, she thinks it is important to have a good habit. She often tells us not to spit (吐痰) in the public places or throw litter around. My brother is naughty and doesn’t like washing hands. My mother often reminds him wash his hands before meals and before toilets. She also tells us it is necessary to go to bed early and get up early, that will keep during the day. Under her instructions, we have known that do morning exercises every day is good for our health. More important , we keep our hearts in a good state. The happy we are, the healthier we will be.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Jack来信询问你校学生体育运动情况。请给他回信，内容包括：1.学校的体育场馆；2.主要的运动项目；3.你喜欢的项目。
注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Jack,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours, Li Hua
参考答案
1. D 2. B 3. A
4. C 5. D 6. D 7. B
8. A 9. A 10. C 11. B
12. D 13. C 14. B 15. C
16. F 17. G 18. B 19. E 20. A
21. B 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. B 36. D 37. C 38. B 39. C 40. A
41. and
42. or 43. for
44. than 45. at 46. on 47. does 48. so/as 49. are 50. however
51.(1). concerning →concerned (2). balance →balanced (3). the去掉
(4). around →about (5). him后面加to (6). before →after (7). that →which (8). do →doing
(9). important →importantly (10). happy →happier 52.略
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