一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．根据短文内容出选择正确答案。
A
A farmer had a brother in town who was a gardener, and his brother had a garden full of the finest fruit trees. So his skill and his beautiful trees were famous everywhere. One day the farmer went into the town to visit his brother, and was surprised at the trees that grew quite well. \"Look, my brother,\" said the gardener. \"I will give you an apple tree, the best from my garden, and you, and your children, and your children's children will enjoy it.\"
Then the gardener called his workmen and ordered them to take up the tree and carry it to his brother's farm. They did so, and the next morning the farmer began to wonder where he should plant it.
\"If I plant it on the hill,\" he said to himself, \"the wind might catch it and shake down the delicious fruit before it is ripe. If I plant it close to the road, passersby will see it and take away the apples--but if I plant it too near the door of my house, my children may pick the fruit.\" So, after he had thought the matter over, he planted the tree behind his barn （谷仓）.
Time passed, but the tree had no fruit the first year, nor the second-then the farmer called his brother. When the gardener came, the farmer said angrily, \"You have cheated me, and given me a useless tree instead of a fruitful one. This is the third year and still it brings out nothing but leaves! \"
The gardener laughed and said, \"See where the tree was planted, it has no sun or warmth. How could you expect flowers and fruit?\"
（1）From the passage, we can see the farmer planted the apple tree
A. behind his barn B. on the hill C. close to the road D. near his house （2）The underlined word \"ripe\" means \"__________\" in Chinese.
A. 挂果 B. 成熟 C. 开花 D. 成长 （3）What is NOT mentioned in the fifth paragraph?
A. What happened to the apple tree. B. Why the farmer got angry with his brother. C. What kind of man the farmer was. D. Why the farmer called his brother. （4）Which of the following is NOT true?
A. The farmer's brother had a garden full of the finest fruit trees. B. The gardener gave his brother the best apple tree from his garden. C. No flowers, fruit or leaves were on the apple tree. D. The farmer thought his brother gave him a useless tree. （5）What do you know from the end of the story?
A. The farmer moved the tree to the roadside. B. The gardener took the tree to the roadside. C. The tree will have no fruit any more. D. The gardener taught the farmer a lesson. 【答案】 （1）A （2）B （3）C （4）C （5）D
【解析】【分析】农民从城里的园丁那里移植了一棵苹果树，把它种在他的谷仓后面，三年了，果树没有长出像园丁说的那样的果子。这是为什么呢？园丁来了一看恍然大悟。
（1）细节理解。根据文章第四段So, after he had thought the matter over, he planted the tree behind his barn （谷仓）.可知选A。
（2）词义猜测。句意：“如果我把它种在山上，在果实成熟前大风会吹果树，把可口的果实晃掉。”因此选B。
（3）细节理解。根据第五段可知，两年树没有结果实；农民很生气，给哥哥打电话说他哥哥骗他。没有提到农民是怎么样一个人，故选C。
（4）细节理解。根据第五段This is the third year and still it brings out nothing but leaves! 可知树没有开花结果，但是长有叶子。故选C。
（5）推理判断。根据最后一段，园丁告诉农民树不结果的原因，故选D，给他上了一课。 【点评】阅读理解考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章中寻找答案。
2．根据短文内容选择正确答案。
A
The 2014 FI FA World Cup, the twentieth World Cup football match, was held in Brazil from June 12th, 2014 to July 13th, 2014. Thirty-two teams from different countries brought us sixty-four wonderful games during the World Cup. This is the second time the World Cup is held in this country and the fifth in South America. Thousands of football fans watched the games. A Bite of China（舌尖上的中国）, a mouth-watering documentary TV program featuring delicious Chinese food, has interested a large number of people. The program has become very popular since it was shown on TV. The documentary provides not only Chinese delicious food but also the relationships between people and food. “We made this documentary with our respect and love for food. I hope it will help people learn more about Chinese food as well as Chinese culture.” said the director Mr. Chen. Lu Jialei, a school girl from Hangzhou, China, won the championship of the first Chinese Character Dictation Contest, which made her become famous overnight. Lu is a hard-working girl and always comes top at school. “I like reading and I’m crazy about learning Chinese characters. I enjoy the contest and hope more and more people become interested in learning Chinese characters.” said Lu Jialei after winning the contest. （1）How long did the 2014 FIFA World Cup last?
A. About a week. B. About two weeks C. About a month. D. About two months. （2）Which is NOT true according to the articles?
A. Lu Jialei always gets good grades at school. B. The World Cup has been held in South America twice. C. Many people like watching the TV program A Bite of China.
D. Lu Jialei hopes more people ca n take much interest in Chinese characters. （3）Where may the articles probably come from?
A. A story book. B. A science report. C. A sports magazine. D. The Internet. 【答案】 （1）C （2）B （3）D
【解析】【分析】这篇短文给我们介绍了三段不同内容的短文。第一段是关于今年夏天将在巴西举行的足球世界杯；第二段是关于《舌尖上的中国》这个电视节目；第三段是关于第一届汉字听写大赛的冠军卢佳磊。
（1）细节理解题。根据短文的第一段中the twentieth World Cup football match, will be held in Brazil from June 12th, 2014 to July 13th, 2014.可知，第20届世界杯足球赛将于2014年6月12号到7月13号在巴西举行，时间是持续一个月。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据Lu is a hard-working girl and always comes top at school.可知A的说法是对的；根据A Bite of China（舌尖上的中国）, a mouth-watering documentary TV program featuring delicious Chinese food, has interested a large number of people.可知C的说法也符合文意；根据enjoy the contest and hope more and more people become interested in learning Chinese characters可知D也是符合文意的； 根据This is the second time the World Cup is held in this country and the fifth in South America.可知，这是世界杯足球赛第五次在南
美洲国家举行，故B不对。选B。
（3）主旨大意题。这篇短文中给我们介绍了三个不同的内容，第一段是关于今年的世界杯足球比赛将在巴西举行；第二个是关于《舌尖上的中国》这个节目；第三个是关于汉字听写大赛的冠军卢佳磊。这样的一篇短文应该来源于网上。故选D。
【点评】阅读理解考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章中寻找答案。
3．阅读理解
I felt very sad not to be able to get the ticket to the film Titanic last Friday. I learned in the newspaper that tickets could be bought at the cinema box office in Richland Hills every day between 10：00 a.m. and 4：00 p.m. Because I work from 9：00 a.m.to 5：30 p.m., the only time I could go to the cinema was during my 45-minute lunch time. It is a pity that the cinema is on the other side of the town, and the bus service between my office and Richland Hills is not very good. But if you are lucky, you can make the round（往返）trip in 45 minutes.
Last Monday I stood at the bus stop for fifteen minutes, waiting for a bus. By the time I saw one coming around the corner, there was not enough time left to make the trip-so I had to go back to the office. The same thing happened on Wednesday. On Thursday my luck changed, I got on a bus right away and arrived at the cinema in twenty minutes. But when I got there, I found a long line of people at the box office. I heard one man say he had been waiting in line for fifty-five minutes. I found that I would not have enough time to wait in line. I caught the next bus and went back across the town.
Then on Friday I understood my only hope was to make the trip by car. It was not cheap, but I felt it would be worthwhile to see the film. The trip by car only took 10 minutes, but it felt like one hour to me. When I reached the cinema, I was delighted to see that nobody was waiting in line. But I quickly found out that it was because they had already sold out all the tickets. （1）It seems that the writer of the story works . A. in a small town B. in Richland Hills C. on a farm near the town D. at a bus service centre
（2）The writer tried to go to the cinema to buy a ticket, but he really go there . A. five times B. four times C. three times D. twice （3）The underlined word \"delighted\" means\" \".
A. sure B. sorry C. surprised D. pleased （4）What's the best title for the story？
A. How to get a ticket B. Tickets sold out C. A wonderful film D. The way to the cinema 【答案】 （1）A （2）D （3）D （4）B
【解析】【分析】主要讲了作者坐公交车去城镇买电影票时发现票已经全部卖完。 （1）细节题。根据It is a pity that the cinema is on the other side of the town可知遗憾的是电影院在城镇的另一边，所以作者在一个小城镇工作，故选A。
（2）细节题。根据The same thing happened on Wednesday. On Thursday my luck changed, I got on a bus right away and arrived at the cinema in twenty minutes.星期三也发生了同样的事情。星期四我的运气变了，我马上上了公共汽车，二十分钟后到了电影院，所以作者去了两次，故选D。
（3）推断题。根据nobody was waiting in line可知没人排队买票，所以作者是高兴的，delighted意思是高兴的，即pleased，故选D。
（4）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了作者坐公交车去城镇买电影票时发现票已经全部卖完，故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
4．阅读理解
Will it matter if you don't take your breakfast？A short time ago, a test was given in the United States. People of different ages, from 12 to 83, were asked to have a test. During the test, these people were given all kinds of breakfast, and sometimes they got no breakfast at all. Scientists wanted to see how. Well their bodies worked when they had eaten different kinds of breakfast. The results show that if a person eats right breakfasts, he or she will work better than the person who has no breakfast. If a student has fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, he or she will learn more quickly and listen more carefully.
The result is opposite to what some people think. Having no breakfast will not help you lose weight. This is because people become so hungry at noon that they eat too much for lunch. They will gain weight instead of losing it. You will lose more weight if you reduce your other meals. （1）During the test, the people were given .
A. no breakfast at all B. different foods or nothing C. too much food D. little food for breakfast （2）The results show that . A. breakfast has a great effect on work and studies B. breakfast has little to do with a person's work
C. a person will work better if he or she only has fruit and milk D. girl students should have little for breakfast
（3）According to the passage, some people think that if you don't have breakfast you will .
A. be healthier B. work better C. lose weight D. lose your way （4）The underlined word \"reduce\" in the last sentence means\" \"in Chinese. A. 增加 B. 减少 C. 放弃 D. 享用 【答案】 （1）B
（2）A （3）C （4）B
【解析】【分析】文章大意：文中通过一个调查，讲述了吃早饭对人们工作、身体状况的影响，以及合理吃早饭的好处。
（1）细节理解题。根据 During the test, these people were given all kinds of breakfast, and sometimes they got no breakfast at all. 可知参加测试的人有时吃丰富的早饭，有时不吃早饭。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据 文中第二段The results show that if a person eats right breakfasts, he or she will work better than the person who has no breakfast. If a student has fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, he or she will learn more quickly and listen more carefully. 可知吃不吃早餐对人们的学习和工作影响很大，对身体状况影响也非常大，故选A。
（3）细节理解题。 根据第三段The result is opposite to what some people think. Having no breakfast will not help you lose weight. 可知一些人认为不吃早饭能减肥，故选C。 （4）词意猜测题。根据 lose more weight ，可知是减重，根据常识可知减重需要减少饭量，因此 reduce 的意思是减少，故选B。
【点评】本题考查阅读理解，考查了细节理解题和词意猜测题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。
5．阅读理解
It is a cold and dry winter morning. When you wake up, you feel that your throat hurts. You begin to sneeze and later you may cough. You must have a cold！Wait a moment. Could it just be a common cold or the flu（流感）that's been going around？
A cold gives you a runny nose and cough. But it's usually easy to deal with. Some people take medicine while others drink herbal tea or chicken soup. Usually you feel better after a week. On the other hand, the flu can be much more dangerous. It usually gives you fever. Sometimes it can cause death. According to an American magazine, the worst flu killed about 50 million people from 1918 to 1919.
Don't worry. If you get a flu vaccine（疫苗）, it can stop you from getting the virus（病毒）.Flu vaccines work by giving the body a small number of flu viruses. This causes your body to develop antibodies（抗体）. So next time you get the flu, the antibodies will help you. The flu virus changes every few years. Therefore, there are so many types of flu, such as HlN1 and H5N1.The antibodies for one type of flu can't help us against all types of flu. That's why we need to get the vaccine every year.
However, good healthy habits may also help stop you developing a cold or flu. Washing your hands often helps stop you from getting viruses. It is also important to get regular exercise and eat healthy food. All these can help you strengthen（增强）your immune system（免疫系统）. （1）If you have a common cold, usually you'll feel better after .
A. a week B. two weeks C. ten days D. twenty days （2）According to the passage, which is TRUE of the flu？
A. It first happened in 1919. B. It usually doesn't give you fever. C. It is easy to deal with. D. It can kill people sometimes. （3）If you get a flu vaccine, . A. it can't stop you from getting the flu virus B. it won't cause your body to develop antibodies C. your body will develop antibodies
D. your body will get a large number of flu viruses
（4）We need to get a flu vaccine every year because .
A. we probably have a cold in winter B. the flu virus changes every few years C. the flu is very dangerous D. you don't need to take any medicine after that 【答案】 （1）A （2）D （3）C （4）B
【解析】【分析】文章大意： 这篇短文主要讲述了流感的危害以及预防流感的方法。 （1）细节理解题。根据第二段Usually you feel better after a week.描述可知通常一周后你就会好转，故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段Sometimes it can cause death. 描述，可知流感有时能致死。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据第四段If you get a flu vaccine （疫苗）， …This causes your body to develop antibodies （抗体），可知你的身体会产生抗体，故选C。
（4）细节理解题。根据短文倒数第二段 The flu virus changes every few years.… That's why we need to get the vaccine every year，可知流感病毒每几年就变异一次，故选B。 【点评】 考查阅读理解。细节题要注意从文中寻找答案，需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，得出正确答案。
6．阅读理解
I'm Li Mei. My favourite book is A Friend Like Henry. It's about how a family dog helps a boy deal with his autism（孤独症）. When I felt sad, my best friend gave me the book. It cheered me up. I'm Tony. Reading in the holiday is an interesting thing. Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea is my favourite book. It's about a captain's travel under the sea. The story is very interesting and the pictures are fantastic. This book can make you relaxed. My name's Bob. I like reading the Four Great Classical Novels of China although I'm a foreigner from Sydney. I can't wait to tell the story The Romance of the Three Kingdoms（王国）. It taught me a lot about the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu. If you are interested in history, don't miss it. I'm Mary. In my opinion, The Little Prince（王子） is the best one. In this book, a young prince falls into Earth from a small planet and experiences a lot. It's not just a fiction story, but tells us about the correct values. （1）When Li Mei felt ________________, her friend gave her the book A Friend like Henry. A. happy B. sad C. bored D. excited （2）Tony's favourite book is ________________.
A. Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea B. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms C. The Little Prince D. A Friend like Henry
（3）We can learn a lot about ________________ from The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. A. travelling B. geography C. science D. history （4）Mary thinks The Little Prince is the best because ________________. A. it has fantastic pictures B. it can deal with her autism C. it tells about the correct values D. it can cheer her up （5）The best title for this passage is\"________________\".
A. My best friend B. My favourite book C. My interesting movie D. My favourite story 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）D （4）C （5）B
【解析】【分析】主要讲了李梅、Tony、Bob和Mary分别最喜爱的书。
（1）细节题。根据第一个表格When I felt sad, my best friend gave me the book.可知当李梅感到难过时，最好的朋友给了她书，故选B。
（2）细节题。根据第二个表格Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea is my favourite book.可知《Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea》是Tony最喜爱的书，故选A。
（3）细节题。根据第三个表格If you are interested in history, don't miss it.可知我们可以学习历史，故选D。
（4）细节题。根据第四个表格It's not just a fiction story, but tells us about the correct values.可知《小王子》不仅仅是一个科幻故事，而且也告诉我们正确的价值观，故选C。 （5）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了李梅、Tony、Bob和Mary分别最喜爱的书，故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题和主旨题常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
7．阅读理解
These days haze（雾霾） is around us here and there. In fact, everyone has the power to
change their living habits to help reduce it. Many local governments call on their people to take action to make the air cleaner.
Transport is one of the biggest contributors（促成物） to haze. When, where, bow, why and what you drive all affect air quality. When one drives to work for one year, he uses as much energy as a bus rider uses in 10 years. So walk or ride your bicycle to work or school whenever possible. If it is necessary, you can use public transport instead of your car. Each person using public transport for a year instead of a car can save nearly a tonne of pollutants, including CO2, from going into the atmosphere.
Carpooling is another way to reduce carbon emissions （排放）. Carpooling is the sharing of car journeys so that more than one person travels in a car. It immediately reduces your car's emissions by half.
What you do inside your living space can have a big effect on the air quality outside it. You can do a lot of things inside and around your home that will help you pollute less and save some money.
A large amount of our energy supply comes from burning coal, another contributor to haze. By cutting down your electricity use, you are cutting down on haze. So you may try to reduce your use of electricity by turning off lights, using your air conditioner wisely during the summer months, or updating some of your electrical appliances to low-energy models. For example, you can use energy-saving lamps that require less energy and last 10 times longer than common bulbs.
（1）Which does the writer think should play an important role in reducing haze? A. City cleaners. B. Haze producers. C. Local governments. D. Common people. （2）We can infer（推断） from the passage that the writer thinks . A. cars can be used only when people have to B. cars should be given up as soon as possible C. cars must be improved to reduce air pollution D. cars may cause the most serious pollution of all
（3）We should reduce the use of electricity mainly because . A. we can save a lot of money by using less energy B. coal is now becoming rarer and rarer on our planet C. harmful things come out while electricity is produced D. electrical appliances send out something harmful to our air （4）Which can be the best title for the passage?
A. What Are Causing Haze Around Us B. What You Can Do to Reduce Haze C. How Dangerous Haze Is to Our Life D. How Important It Is to Reduce Haze 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）C （4）B
【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要介绍了几种减少雾霾的方法，第一种为尽量使用公共交通工具外出，第二种为尽量拼车出行，第三种为减少电力的使用。
（1）细节题。结合第一段第二句 In fact, everyone has the power to change their living habits to help reduce it. 可知，每个人都有能力通过改变自己的生活习惯来减少雾霾。因此，作者认为在减少雾霾上，普通人应该发挥重要作用， 故选D。
（2）推断题。由第二段 So walk or ride your bicycle to work or school whenever possible. If it is necessary, you can use public transport instead of your car. 可知，尽可能步行或骑自行车，必要时乘坐公共交通工具也不要开车。因此作者认为仅当不得已的时候才应该才去开车，故选A。
（3）细节题。结合第五段第一句 A large amount of our energy supply comes from burning coal, another contributor to haze. 可知，发电时，我们需要烧煤等，而这会释放出有害物质，进而污染空气。C项意为“当生产电力时会释放有害物质”，符合题意，故选C。 （4）主旨题。通读全文，文章主要介绍了几种减少雾霾的方法，第一种为尽量使用公共交通工具外出，第二种为尽量拼车出行，第三种为减少电力的使用。故文章主旨在于普通人可以做些什么、采取什么措施来减少雾霾，故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解能力，首先通读全文，掌握大意，然后根据问题在文章中找到依据，选出正确答案，注意阅读方法的运用。
8．阅读理解
Two men were going through a forest.
\"I am afraid,\" said one, \"that we may meet with wild animals.\" \"Fear nothing, friend Quickwit,\" cried the other, whose name was Braggart, \"If they come at us, we shall stand by one another like men. I have a strong arm, a strong heart, and…\"
\"Hark!\" cried the first in fear, as a low sound was heard from somewhere nearby, Braggart, who was light and nimble, climbed up a tree like a squirrel （松鼠）, leaving his friend, who was not so active, to face the danger alone! Quickwit could do nothing but throw himself on the ground and pretended（假装） to be dead; for he had heard that bears would never touch a dead body. In no time the bear camp up to him, sniffed（用鼻子吸气） at him. Quickwit did not dare to move; and the bear, thinking him dead, went off into the wood again, leaving him quite unharmed!
When Braggart saw that the danger was over, he came down from the tree and tried to pass off the matter with a joke. \"Well, my friend Quickwit,\" he said, \"what did the bear say to you when he put his mouth dose to your ear?\"
\"He told me,\" replied Quickwit, \"never again to trust a man who talks big like you!\" （1）The correct order of the following events is . a. Two men were going through a forest. b. Quickwit threw himself on the ground. c. Braggart climbed up a tree like a squirrel. d. A low sound was heard from somewhere nearby.
A. a-b-d-c B. a-d-c-b. C. d-a-c-b D. d-b-c-a （2）The bear left Quickwit because it .
A. was hit by Braggart B. felt pity for him
C. thought he was dead D. didn't like his smell （3）We can learn from the passage that .
A. a true friend reaches for your hand B. a friend to all is a friend to none C. a good friend is a good listener D. a real friend never argues with you （4）The best title for the passage would be .
A. A Fight Between Two Travelers B. The Travelers and the Bear C. A Kind-hearted Bear D. A True Friend in Trouble 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）A （4）B
【解析】【分析】大意：文章主要讲述了两个男人在森林里遇到熊的故事。
（1）细节理解题。根据 Two men were going through a forest. 两个男人正在穿越森林—— a low sound was heard from somewhere nearby 一个奇怪的声音从附近传来—— Braggart, who was light and nimble, climbed up a tree like a squirrel （松鼠） Braggart像松鼠一样爬上树—— Quickwit could do nothing but throw himself on the ground and pretended（假装） to be dead .Quickwit躺在地上装死，可知事情发生的正确顺序为 a—d—c—b。故选B
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段 and the bear, thinking him dead .可知，熊以为他死了。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章，熊来了的时候Braggart没有伸出援手而是自己爬上树，说明他不是一个真正的朋友，真正的朋友是会伸出援手的。故选A。
（4）主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲了两个男人在森林里遇到熊的故事，因此旅行者和熊是最好的标题。故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
9．阅读理解
Art Training Course Do you want to get $ 75~$ 200 each hour? You will get good jobs if you spend only a week on our courses about ads, TV programs, films and fashion. Website: www. awardmakeupschool. com Telephone number: 310—364—0665 Teaching English Overseas A 4-week language course is offered monthly in Prague. It's helpful for you to get good jobs around the world. Cost: $ 1,300 per month Website: www.teflworldwideprague.com Looking for a Roommate I'm Mary. I have a house with three bedrooms. There are many things in it, like a TV, a washing machine and a fridge. You only need to pay $ 200 for it each month. And it includes the cost of surfing the Internet. There are two rules for you to obey: You mustn't make lots of noise in the house and you must keep the house clean. E-mail: www.room.to.rent@hotmail. com （1）If Jim wants to take the language course for two months, he'll have to pay _________. A. $75 B. $ 200 C. $ 1,300 D. $ 2,600 （2）Mary's house provides the following things EXCEPT __________.
A. a computer B. a TV C. a fridge D. a washing machine （3）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The cost of the art training course is $ 75 each hour. B. People should pay $ 1,300 for the language course each week. C. If you often surf the Internet, you'd better not rent Mary's house. D. People who want to live in Mary's house should pay $ 1,200 half a year. 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）D
【解析】【分析】（1）细节理解题。根据文中的表格二Teaching English Overseas A 4-week language course is offered monthly in Prague．It's helpful for you to get good jobs around the world．Cost：1300per month可知学习英语每个人每个月1300元，两个月就是2600元，故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据文中的表格三There are many things in it，like a TV，a washing machine and a fridge．可知房子里有电视，洗衣机和冰箱，没有提到电脑，故选A。 （3）细节理解题。根据文中的表格三You only need to pay 200for it each month可知 一间卧室月租是200，半年就是200X6=1200，所以要想成为玛丽的合租室友，半年要付1200，故选D。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文主要考查细节理解题，首先仔细阅读文后的问题，弄清问题的大意；然后带着问题阅读短文，抓住关键信息，选择正确答案。
10．阅读理解
When he was small, Hill was a famous bad boy.
At the age of 9, his father married his stepmother. At that time they lived poorly in the countryside while his stepmother was from a wealthy family.
His father introduced Hill to his stepmother as he said, \"Dear, I hope you notice in the entire shire this is the worst boy, who has made me have no other way. Maybe before tomorrow morning he will throw a stone at you, or do a bad thing you will never imagine.\"
To Hill's surprise, his stepmother went up to him with a smile, held up his head and looked at him carefully. She then turned around to tell her husband, \"You're wrong. He is not the worst boy in the entire shire, but the cleverest and most creative boy. Only he doesn't find a place to show himself.\"
His stepmother's words warmed his heart, his eyes full of tears. Then he started building friendship with his stepmother. And this became the drive of his life, making him create 28 successful golden rules, which helped tens of thousands of ordinary people walk on the road to success.
Before his stepmother came, no one praised him smart, and his father and neighbors considered him as a bad boy. However, his stepmother's words changed his life.
When Hill was 14 years old, his stepmother bought him a used typewriter and said to him, \"I believe you will become a writer.\" Hill accepted his stepmother's gift and expectation, and started writing things to a local newspaper. He understood his stepmother's strong feeling of interest in his family while he saw with his own eyes she had changed his family. Therefore, he would do as well as she expected him to.
The strength from his stepmother made him a rich man and famous writer in the United States and one of the most important persons in the 20th century.
Praise will never be unnecessary, especially for children. Sincere （真诚的） praise may be better than 10,000 bad words.
（1）What did people think of Hill before the age of nine?
A. lever. B. Creative. C. Unfriendly. D. Stupid. （2）Which of the following is WRONG about Hill?
A. He accepted his stepmother's typewriter. B. He failed to do as he was expected. C. He started writing to a local newspaper. D. He understood his stepmother. （3）The writer is most probably an expert of _________.
A. house building B. diet C. news writing D. education （4）The passage was written mainly to tell us that _________. A. children should be praised B. Hill's father married again C. Hill's stepmother was kind to him D. Hill's father was cruel to him 【答案】 （1）C （2）B （3）D （4）A
【解析】【分析】大意:一个在别人眼里是最坏的男孩的Hill，他继母的来临后，继母几句表扬的话改变了聪明的一生，他继母的力量让他成为一名富人作家和美国最重要的人物，作者以Hill事例向我们展示了表扬的重要性。
（1）推断题。根据When he was small, Hill was a famous bad boy.可知，他九岁之前，人们认为他是一个出了名的坏小孩，可推出坏小孩一般对他人都是不友好的，故选C。 （2）细节题。根据started writing things to a local newspaper.and famous writer in the United States可知，Hill没有辜负继母的期望，B选项与原文不符，故选B。
（3）推断题。作者以Hill事例向我们展示了表扬的重要性，可推出作者应该是教育方面的专家，故选D。
（4）主旨题。作者以Hill事例向我们展示了表扬的重要性，故选A。
【点评】考查阅读理解能力，细节题、推断题和主旨题是阅读理解题中常考题型。细节题要从文中寻找答案；推断题需要根据上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
11．阅读理解
There are some ways to improve your English, but I think the most important thing is to make English all around you. Here's some advice for you.
▲Listen to the radio in English. If there are no English radio stations at the place where you live, listen to one on the Internet
▲Watch TV and movies in English. If you have English channels on your TV, watch them. If there are no English channels, you can buy some DVDs of English movies.
▲Speak English to your friends. You can find a friend who is good at English and speak English with him as much as possible. You'd better find friends whose native language is English. Ask your friend to correct you when needed.
▲Study in or travel to an English-speaking country. Of course the best way to improve your English is to live in English environments. You'll find yourself surrounded （围绕） with the language everywhere. It can be a more difficult and expensive choice, but you may find it to be a very valuable and helpful experience.
（1）If there are no English radio stations where you live, you can ______. A. buy a new radio B. buy some DVDs
C. listen to one on the Internet D. find a friend to talk with you
（2）What does the underlined word \"valuable\" mean in Chinese?
A. 无价值的 B. 有价值的 C. 花费大的 D. 必不可少的 （3）Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. You can watch English channels on your TV to improve your English. B. You'd better find friends whose native language is English to talk with you. C. The best way to learn English is to live in all English environments.
D. Study in or travel to an English-speaking country is a good choice because it doesn't cost you too much.
（4）From this passage, we mainly know _____. A. how to improve our English
B. the best time to listen to the radio in English C. how to make friends with foreigners D. the suggestions about how to study abroad 【答案】 （1）C （2）B （3）D （4）A
【解析】【分析】主要讲了提高英语的一些方式方法。
（1）细节题。根据If there are no English radio stations at the place where you live, listen to one on the Internet可知如果住的地方没有英语广播电台，可以在网上听，故选C。 （2）推断题。根据helpful有用的，可知与helpful表示并列，排除A、C。所以是有价值的经历，故选B。
（3）细节题。根据It can be a more difficult and expensive choice可知它可能是更困难和更昂贵的选择，即会花费许多，故选D。
（4）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了提高英语的一些方式方法。故选A。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
12．阅读理解
Have you noticed your life becoming a little easier? Now, when you go to a certain shopping mall, you can enjoy its free Wi-Fi there. When you want to take a taxi, you can book one with your phone. In fact, all these can be seen as the basic parts of a smart city.
The idea of a smart city was brought up by US company IBM in 2010. Generally, a smart city is a city that uses digital technologies such as the Internet to improve city planning, save money and resources, and make our life convenient. How smart can a city be? Here are great examples that we can learn from.
In 2009, Dubuque became the first smart city in the US. The city used smart water meters to take the place of traditional water me tens. They can detect （探测） water waste and leakage （泄漏） and send data to let the house owner know. The same system is used for other city resources like electricity and natural gas. In this way, people know how they use their resources and are glad to help reduce waste.
Santander in Spain also gives us a look at the future. If people point a phone toward a nearby bus stop, the phone immediately shows all bus lines that serve the stop as well as their arrival times. The government organized a research team and provided an App （应用程序） that collects data on almost everything: light, temperature, and the movements of cars and people. Opening the App near a supermarket provides immediate information on special offers. （1）The underlined word \"convenient\" is closest in meaning to \"______\". A. useful B. normal C. suitable D. easy （2）Compared with traditional water meters, smart water meters do better in ______. A. cleaning water B. supplying water C. saving water D. producing water （3）The example of Santander shows the use of smart systems in aspects （方面） EXCEPT ______.
A. business B. health care C. traffic controlling D. public transportation （4）What's the main idea of the passage? A. Digital technologies help improve city planning. B. Smart cities will make our future life better and smarter.
C. Smart cities are very common in both Dubuque and Santander. D. Spain and the US take the leading position in building smart cities. 【答案】 （1）D （2）C （3）B （4）B
【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要对智能城市进行了基本介绍，又通过迪比克和桑坦德的例子介绍了智能城市为生活所带来的便捷。
（1）猜测词句题。由语句Generally, a small city is a city that uses digital technologies such as the Internet to improve city planning, save money and resources 可知，总的来说，小城市就是使用数码科技例如互联网去提高城市计划，节省金钱和资源。由此可推知，节省金钱、能源，可以使我们的生活更加轻松便捷。easy 意为“轻松的”，符合题意。useful 意为“有用的”，normal 意为“普通的”，suitable 意为“适合的”，均不符合题意。故正确答案为D。 （2）细节理解题。由文中语句This way, people know they use their resources and are glad to help reduce waste 可知，通过这种方式，人们就可以知道他们使用的资源并愿意减少资源的浪费。由此可知，智能水表可以在节约水资源方面做的比传统水表更好。save water 意为“节约水资源”，符合题意。故正确答案为C。
（3）细节理解题。A项，由第四段第四句 Opening the App near a supermarket provides immediate information on special offers 可知，在超市旁边打开这个应用程序，可以马上推送特价商品的信息。由此可推知，智能系统在商业（business）中有所应用。B项，health care 意为“健康管理”，文章没有提及。C项，由第四段第二句 If people point a phone toward a nearby bus stop, the phone immediately shows all bus lines that sever the stop as well as their arrival times 可知，如果人们用手机指向一个附近的公交车站，手机就会马上展示出所有的会在这站停的公交车路线。由此可推知，智能系统在交通控制（traffic controlling）方面有所应用。D项，由第四段第二句 If people point a phone toward a nearby bus stop, the phone immediately shows all bus lines that sever the stop as well as their arrival times 可知，如果人们用手机指向一个附近的公交车站，手机就会马上展示出所有的会在这站停的公交车路线。由此可推知，智能系统在公共交通（public transportation）方面有所应用。故正确答案为B。
（4）主旨归纳题。A项，意为“电子科技帮助提升了城市规划”，只在第一段中有所提及。故A项错误。B项，意为“智能城市使我们未来的生活更好更智能”，文章主要对智能城市进行了基本介绍，又通过迪比克和桑坦德的例子介绍了智能城市为生活所带来的便捷。故B项正确。C项，意为“智能城市在迪比克和桑坦德非常普遍”，文章第三段和第四段主要介绍了智能应用在两座城市中的应用，并没有提到普及型。故C项错误。D项，意为“西班牙和美国在建设智能城市方面处于领导地位”，文章提到美国的迪比克是第一个智能城市，西班牙也采用了智能城市，但是并没有提到领导地位。故D项错误。故正确答案为B。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
13．阅读理解
Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family, and others Believe that success mostly Comes down to luck. I'm not going to say luck, talent, and Circumstances（境遇）don't Come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are Born with great intelligence, and that's just the reality of how life is.
However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then make it more practical. And, vesides that, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10, 000 hours studying and practising. To vecome great at certain things, it'll require even more time, which most people won't put in.
This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love. If you don't enjoy what you do, it is going to feel like unbearable pain and will likely make you give up before you ever become good at it.
When you see people exhibiting some great skills or having achieved great success, you know that they have put in a huge part of their life to get there. It's sometimes easy to think they got lucky or they were Born with some unusual talent, But thinking that way does you no good, and there's a huge Chance that you're wrong anyway.
No matter what you do, if you want to Become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction（入迷）, and over a long period of time. If you're not willing to put in the time and work, don't expect to receive any rewards. Hard work won't guarantee（保证）you the level of success you may want, But it will guarantee that you will Become really good at whatever it is you put all that work into.
（1）Paragraph 1 mainly talks about __________. A. the reasons for success B. the meaning of success C. the standards of success D. the importance of success
（2）The underlined word\" that\" refers to __________. A. putting in more time B. succeeding in life C. Being good at something D. setting a practical goal
（3）Successful people suggest doing what one loves Because __________. A. work makes him feel pain
B. he is likely to enjoy his work C. he gives up his work easily D. it takes a lot of time to succeed
（4）What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain that luck or talent leads to success.
B. To tell us that one cannot succeed without time and practice. C. To show us that having a goal is the main reason to success. D. To describe that successful people like to show their great skills. 【答案】 （1）A （2）D （3）B （4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是介绍 成功的关键因素不是天赋、出身或运气，而是设定一个符合实际的目标，然后为此不断地努力、付出。巨大的努力也许无法确保你想要的成功，但是你为之付出的（领域）一定会成为你的优势所在。
（1）主旨题。 第一段主要分析了成功的原因，有人认为是天赋、出身或者运气，但是作者并不完全认同，认为这只是生活的现实而已。故A项， 成功的原因是正确。B项意为“成功的意义”；C项意为“成功的标准”；D项意为“成功的重要性”，均与第一段不相关，故选A。
（2）词义猜测题。根据 to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then make it more practical. And, vesides that, in order to get really good at something 可知that指代setting a practical goal，设定一个实际的目标 ，故选D。
（3）推理题。根据 This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love. If you don't enjoy what you do, it is going to feel like unbearable pain and will likely make you give up before you ever become good at it. 成功人士建议做自己喜欢的事情，因为他很可能喜欢他的工作，故选B。
（4）推理题。根据本文是介绍 成功的关键因素不是天赋、出身或运气，而是设定一个符合实际的目标，然后为此不断地努力、付出。巨大的努力也许无法确保你想要的成功，但是你为之付出的（领域）一定会成为你的优势所在。可知文章的主要目的是告诉我们没有时间和实践就不会成功，故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及推断题，词义猜测题和主旨题，推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
14．阅读理解
Need to buy something? Why go to a store? Buy it on the Internet! Need it now? Why wait? Ask to receive it the next day! Each day, more and more people try on-line shopping. In fact, online sales have doubled in the last ten years. But not everyone is excited. Some scientists now say that online shopping is bad for the environment.
People are surprised to hear this.\" They think, I don't need to drive, and the business doesn't
need to build a store, so there will be less pollution,\" says Nuria Prost, an environmental scientist. \"But it is not so simple. In fact, online shopping is wasteful. It also adds to air pollution.\" In truth, the Internet is not always as good a friend to the environment as it seems. For example, most people thought that the Internet would help offices use less paper and other materials. But paper use increased by33percent between 1986 and 1997.\"Online shopping could have similarly harmful results,\" says Nevil Cohen, a researcher of environmental science. Part of the problem is what people are buying these days. In the past, people bought things on the Internet that did not require much packing material, such as books and clothing. But now people also shop online for large, heavy pro ducts such as televisions, computers, chairs and tables. These products need to be packed in lots of plastic and paper. This creates a lot of waste. Another problem caused by online shopping is air pollution. When customers buy products and ask to receive them the next day, online businesses often have to send them by air. Airplanes use much more oil than cars and produce more carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）. When people buy a lot of different things from different online businesses, this creates even more travel by airplane. Online product returns are also a problem. For example, an online shoe store may allow customers to return shoes for free if they are wrong size. This doubles the packing materials and number of airline trips required to sell one pair of shoes.
\"If people want to protect the environment, they need to think before they shop,\" says Prost. \"People need to ask themselves: Is this exactly what I want? Do I really need it tomorrow, or can I wait?\" Online stores can also ask customers to pay money for returns. This may make people shop more carefully.\" Online shopping is fast and easy, \"says Prost,\" but we can't forget the harmful result it has caused to the environment.\"
（1）The passage begins with several questions to . A. introduce the main topic B. describe online shopping C. show the writer's opinion D. list advantages of shopping
（2）What is the passage mainly about? A. The Internet is not good to the environment. B. Online shopping causes more air pollution. C. Online shopping is bad for the environment. D. Stop online shopping to protect the environment.
（3）Which of the following is to show that online shopping is wasteful? A. Large products need more packing materials. B. Paper use increased by 33 percent about ten years. C. Businesses need to build a store to sell the products. D. Online shopping costs less than shopping in a store. （4）What is probably the best title of the passage? A. A Good Deal to Make B. A Different Lifestyle to Keep C. A Cleaner Way to Shop
D. A New Business to Start
（5）Which of the following shows the structure（结构）of the passage?（P=Paragraph）
A.
B.
C.
D.
【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）A （4）C （5）C
【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要讲述了网上购物对环境的危害，倡导人们清洁购物。
（1）意图判断题，根据 Each day, more and more people try on-line shopping. In fact, online sales have doubled in the last ten years. But not everyone is excited.可知，以上的几个问题是为了引出网上购物的话题。故答案是A。
（2）细节理解题，根据 Some scientists now say that online shopping is bad for the
environment. 可知，短文主要在论述网上购物对环境的危害，故答案是C。
（3）细节理解题，根据 In the past, people bought things on the Internet that did not require much packing material, such as books and clothing. But now people also shop online for large, heavy pro ducts such as televisions, computers, chairs and tables. These products need to be packed in lots of plastic and paper. 可知，网上购买的产品的包装浪费了大量的包装材料，故答案是A。
（4）标题判断题，文章主要讲述了网上购物对环境的危害，倡导人们清洁购物，故答案是C。
（5）篇章结构题，通过阅读发现第一二段是独立的，接下来的三段是并列部分对于第二段进行论证，最后一段是总结性段落是对前面三段的总结，故答案是C。
【点评】考查阅读理解，本题涉及到的题型较多，包括目的意图题、细节理解题、标题判断题和篇章结构题。目的意图题需要找出句子之间的因果关系，细节理解题需要认真阅读，仔细在文中寻找答案，标题判断题需要抓住文章的中心，用精炼的短语概括中心，篇章结构题比较简单，一般来说只要能看明白文章的意思，就可以判定出它的结构方式。
15．阅读理解
Lots of people are afraid of speaking in public. According to a study, there are 3 of every 4 people having such a problem. The conclusion is a bit surprising and worrying, as most jobs require some speaking ability. The following will help you to make a speech better.
Write note cards. Write main ideas on your cards. You needn't write details. Just put in some fun facts, questions, and other activities on the cards to share with the class. You needn't look at your cards for a long time while speaking. Only have a quick look at the card for information instead of reading every last word if necessary.
Smile at your class. When it's time to speak, a good old-fashioned smile is the best to draw your class into your speech. Be happy, because you're about to teach your class something they don't know before. Studies have shown that smiles are infectious. That means once you smile, it's hard for everyone else not to smile. So if you want your speech to go off well, smile. That will make everyone smile and maybe those smiles will make you actually smile.
Make eyes contact. It's so boring to listen to a speaker who looks at the floor or at note cards. Relax. Your class is made up of your friends and you talk to them all the time. Talk the same way now. Have a look at every person in the classroom at least once. That way, everyone will feel like you're communicating with them. Also, you'll look like you know what you are talking about. Use hand motions. Move you hand along as you talk, using them to express your key points and keep the class interested. It will also lead your nervous energy into a better place. （1）According to the passage, of people are afraid of speaking in public.
A. 25% B. 50% C. 100% D. 75% （2）The words \"smiles are infectious\" means . A. smiles is a kind of illness B. smiles keep people fit
C. your smiles can make others warm and want to smile too D. it's hard to make others smile
（3）Which is the right picture to the last paragraph?
A. B. C. D.
（4）The passage mainly talks about .
A. a boy's speech in class B. how to note cards C. the fear of public speaking D. how to make a speech better 【答案】 （1）D （2）C （3）B （4）D
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了如何使得人们演讲能力很出色。
（1）细节题。根据文章提到的 According to a study, there are 3 of every 4 people having such a problem 可知，一共有百分之75的人害怕在公众场合说话，故选D。
（2）细节题。根据文章提到的 So if you want your speech to go off well, smile. That will make everyone smile and maybe those smiles will make you actually smile. 可知，微笑可以给人温暖并且使得他人也笑，故选C。
（3）细节题。根据最后一段描述的是手势，可知所选的图片应该是手的图片，故选B。 （4）主旨题。根据本文主要介绍了如何使得演讲更好，可知文章的大意为如何使得演讲更好，故选D。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
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