动词不定式，动名词或主语从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语动词前，而用it作形式主语，放到句首，常见句型有：
1. It + be + 形容词+主语从句，如：
It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny’s birthday party or not.
2. It + be + 名词词组 + 主语从句，这类名词有：a fact, a pity, a shame, an honour，a question等，如：
It’s a pity that you missed the exciting football match. It remains a question whether he will come or not.
3. It + be + 过去分词 + 主语从句，这类过去分词有：announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported, said, shown等， 如：
It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake. It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient.
4. It + 不及物动词(seem, appear, happen等) + 主语从句, 这类不及物动词有：appear, happen, seem等， 如：
It seemed that he didn’t tell the truth.
It happened that I was out when he called.
5. It + be + 形容词 + for sb.）+ 动词不定式
这类句型常用形容词easy, difficult, hard, important, possible，wise等作表语，有时候为了强调不定式动作的执行者，常在不定式前加for sb，如： It’s necessary for the young to master two foreign language. It is unwise to give the children whatever they want.
这类形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, important, possible，wise
6. It + be + 形容词 + of sb. + 动词不定式，这类形容词常是表示心理品质,性格特征的形容词，如：kind, nice stupid, clever, foolish, polite, impolite, silly, selfish, considerate等。某人和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构。如：
It’s very kind of you to help me with the work. =You are kind to help me.
It seemed selfish of him not to share his dictionary with others. =He seemed selfish not to share his dictionary with others. 7. It + be +名词词组 + 动词不定式，如： It is not a good habit to stay up too late.
8. It + be + 名词或形容词 + 动名词，这类名词和形容词常常是：good, no good, no use, a waste of, useless, senseless等，如：
It’s a waste of time talking to her any more. It is no use arguing about the matter with him.
9. It + take ( sb. )+ 时间（金钱）+ 动词不定式，如：
It took the workers almost three years to finish building the dam. It will take a whole day to get to the top of the mountain on foot.
实战演练：
1. It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants. (NMET 1997) A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
2. In fact is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. (2001 上海)
A. this B. that C. there D. it
3. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET1995) A. There B. This C. That D. It
4. Is necessary to take off our shoes when we enter the lab? (MET88) A. everyone B. this C. her D. it 5. ________ will take you a lot of time to find him in the crowd.
A. It B. I C. We D. They 6. It is no use his _________ there, the situation is hopeless now. A. to go B. to be going C. going D. having gone 7. It is never too late to learn, ________?
A. is it B. isn’t it C. does it D. doesn’t it
8. ___________ is known to all that Shenzhou VI Launched Successfully. A. As B. What C. It D. That
9. _______ is reported in the newspaper, the Earthquake in east China's Jiangxi Province killed 13 people
A. It B. As C. That D. What
10. ___________ certain that his invention will make people’s life convenient. A. That’s B. This is C. It’s D. What’s
11. _________ that there is another football match on the air this evening. A. It says B. It was said C. It is said D. What was said 12. __________ that their daughter got an opportunity to study abroad. A. It’s a exciting news B. This is an exciting news C. This is exiting news D. It’s exciting news 参考答案：
1——5 BDDDA 6——10CACAC 11——12CD ㈠ it作形式主语：
it作形式主语时没有具体的意义，而只是帮助把真正的主语移到句子后部去，使句子显得平稳一些。it作形式主语时，可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和主语从句。 ⒈ it代替不定式短语
常用于下列句型中：It + be +形容词 + (for/of sb.) to do sth. It + be + 名词 + to do sth.
It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干…花了某人…时间 It’s up to sb. to do sth. 干…是某人的职责或义务 ①It is everyone’s duty to obey the law. 遵守法律是每个人的义务。（ it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to obey the law） ②It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese. 对于一个外国人来说，学习汉语是困难的。
（ it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to learn Chinese） ③It is not right to use these places as rubbish dumps.
把这些地方用来倒垃圾是不对的。
（it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to use these places as rubbish dumps） ④It took them a year to build the bridge. 建这座桥花了他们一年的时间。（ it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to build the bridge） ◆ It be + 形容词+ for sb. to do sth.与It be + 形容词+of sb. to do sth.：
如果句型中的形容词描述的是sb.的品质、品格，在逻辑上可以作sb.的表语，则sb.前应用介词of，否则就用for。
①It’s necessary for us to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes. 我们用一台短波收音机收听这些节目是必要的。 ③It’s kind of you to help me. 感谢你对我的帮助。（= You are kind to help me. ） ④It was foolish of him to give up the job. 他放弃那工作是愚蠢的。（= He was foolish to give up the job ⒉ it代替动名词短语：
动名词作主语用后置形式的情况远不及不定式那么普遍，常限于no good, no use, useless, waste等词的后面。
①It is no good/ use having a car if you can’t drive.
如果你不会开车，有车也没用。( it作形式主语,代替动名词短语having a car) ②It is a waste of time watching TV. 看电视是浪费时间。（ it作形式主语,代替动名词短语watching TV） ③It is no use asking him. 问他没有用。（ it作形式主语,代替动名词短语asking him） ⒊ it代替主语从句：
这个主语从句可以用连词that引导，也可以用连接代词或连接副词引导。 ①It was clear that they had no desire for peace. 很清楚他们没有和平的诚意。
（ it作形式主语,代替主语从句that they had no desire for peace） ②It is doubtful whether she will be able to come. 她能否来还很难说。（ it作形式主语,代替主语从句whether she will be able to come） ③It was clear enough what she meant. 她的意思是够清楚的。（ it作形式主语,代替主语从句what she meant） 用it作形式主语，把真正的主语从句移至后面的常见句型有：
◆ It is a pity/ a shame/ a fact/ an honour/ good news/ no wonder/ a wonder… that… ①It was a pity that the engineer couldn’t come. 可惜工程师没能够来。
②It is a wonder that he continues to gamble when he always loses! 令人惊讶的是他一直输还一直赌。
◆ It is + 形容词（如： strange/ natural/ surprising/ obvious/ true/ fortunate/ wonderful/ funny/ possible/ impossible/ likely/ unlikely/ clear/ unusual/ certain/ important…）that … ①It is certain that he will win. 他一定会取胜。。
◆ It seems/ happened/ turned out/ suddenly struck me/ occurred to me…that … ①It happened that I wasn’t there that day. 恰好那天我不在那里。
◆ It + be + 过去分词（如：said/ reported/ announced/ decided/ expected/ hoped/ known/ believed…）that…
②It is said that nothing has been done about it. 据说至今对此没采取任何措施。
③It is reported that more than twenty people were killed in that bus accident. 据报道在那次的公共汽车事故中有二十多人丧生。
* 注意要在It is suggested/required/desired/ordered/proposed…that…的主语从句中用虚拟语气： (should) + 动词原形
①It is requested that he give a performance at the party. 有人请求他在聚会上表演一个节目。
②It is suggested that we should get everything ready by tonight. 建议一切在今晚准备好。
◆ It doesn’t matter +连接代词或副词…
It doesn’t make too much difference +连接代词或副词… ①It doesn’t matter whether he comes or not. 他来还是不来都没关系。
②It won’t make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow. 你今天去也好，明天去也好，关系不大。 ㈡ it作形式宾语：
it作形式宾语时，可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和宾语从句。
it作形式宾语时，需具备两个条件：① 真正的宾语是不定式、动名词或从句 ② 有宾语补足语 具备了这两个条件，形式宾语it一定要用。 ⒈ it代替不定式短语
think/ find/ feel/ consider/ make/ regard…+ it +形容词/名词 + 不定式短语 ①I find it pleasant to work with him.
(it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to work with him)我觉得和他一起工作很愉快。 ②They felt it difficult to finish the work in such a short time.
（ it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to finish the work in such a short time） 他们认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是困难的。
⑥All these noises made it impossible for me to go on with the work. （ it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to go on with the work）这些噪音使我无法继续工作。 ⒉ it代替动名词短语( 这只限于少数句型，在多数情况下用不定式时更多一些) ①The professor considers it no good reading without understanding. 这位教授认为阅读而不理解没有益处。
③He found it useless( no use) arguing with him. 他发现和他辩论没有用。
④He thought it absolutely senseless attempting the impossible. 想做不可能的事情，他认为是完全没道理的。 ⒊ it代替宾语从句：
①We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been cancelled. 会议取消了我们都感到很遗憾。
②I took it for granted that they were not coming. 我想他们准是不会来的了。 ③I’ll see to it that everything is ready in time.我负责使一切都按时准备好。 ㈢ 含it 的常用句型
英语中有一些固定句型中含有it,应注意这些句型的使用。 ⒈ It be + 被强调部分 + that/ who + 其他成分
I met Peter in Japan last year.
⑴ It was I who/that met Peter in Japan last year. ⑵ It was Peter whom/that I met in Japan last year. ⑶ It was in Japan that I met Peter last year. ⑷ It was last year that I met Peter in Japan. * not …until 也可用于强调句型
例１ Mr Brown didn’t come back until eleven o’clock.
可变为：It was not until eleven o’clock that Mr Brown came back. * 强调句也可变为特殊疑问句
例１ It was in 1949 that the PRC was founded. 可变为：When was it that the PRC was founded?
⒉ It’s + 地点状语+ that…（强调句） It’s +地点名词+ where… (定语从句) ①It is the town where I was born.
(the town 为地点名词，定语从句)这是我出生的镇子。 ②It was in the town that I was born.
(in the town为地点状语，强调句型)我出生在这个镇子。
⒊ It’s + 时间名词+ when…(时间状语从句) It’s + 时间状语 +that…(强调句) ①It was at 8 o’clock that he returned. (at 8 o’clock是时间状语，强调句) 他是在八点钟回来的。
②It was 8 o’clock when he returned.(8 o’clock 是时间名词，时间状语从句)他回来的时候是八点钟。
⒋ if it is convenient to you 如果你方便的话 If it is convenient to you, you can start tomorrow. 如果方便的话，你明天可以动身。 ⒌ believe it or not 信不信由你
①Believe it or not, I’ll go abroad next month. 不管你信还是不信，我下个月要出国。
⒍ It’s time that…did / should do …(定语从句)
①It is time that I went and picked up my daughter from school.我该去学校接我女儿放学了。
②It’s high time that we stopped/should stop this practice.我们的确该停止这种做法了。 ⒎ It is /has been…since…did…(时间状语从句)
It is just a week since we arrived here. 我们来这里已一星期了。 ⒏It won’t be …before…用不了（多长时间）就会… It wasn’t …before…没过（多长时间）就…
①It will be a long time before we finish the task.我们还需要很长时间才能完成这项任务。 ②It wasn’t long before he learned to use the computer.不久他就学会使用计算机了。 ㈣ 易混用其他句型
英语中有一些句型不含it, 但却易被误用了it，常见的有以下句型： ⒈ There is something/nothing wrong/ the matter with sb./ sth. There is nothing wrong /the matter with him. He’s just pretending. 他没什么事，他只是在装呢。
⒉ There is no doubt about…对…毫不怀疑 There is no doubt that…对…毫不怀疑 ①There is no doubt about his suitability for the job毫无疑问，他适合这个工作。
③There is no doubt that he is hard to deal with.毫无置疑他很难对付。 ⒊ There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. 没必要…
①There was no need for him to remain in Paris.他没有必要继续留在巴黎。 ⒋There is no/a possibility that… …没可能/有可能
①There is a possibility that the train may be late.可能火车要晚点。
②There is no possibility that we’ll see him this weekend.我们本周末不可能见到他。 ⒌ There is a chance that …可能…
There is a chance that the sick child will get well.这个生病的孩子可能会好起来的。 ⒍ There be no/ some differences between…and……和…之间没/有区别
There are some differences between the two languages.这两种语言之间有些区别。 ⒎ After what seemed + 时间
After what seemed a very long time, the wounded soldier came back to life. 在经过似乎很长的一段时间之后，那个受伤的士兵苏醒了过来。 ⒏ There be difficulty/ trouble (in) doing sth. 干…有困难 There was no difficulty in finding him.找到他没费什么事。 三. 形式主语、形式宾语专项练习 1. It's easier _____ than ________.
A. say, do B. to say, to do C. says, does D. saying, doing 2. It takes me 30 minutes ________ to school by bike every day. A. going B. to go C. goes D. go
3. It’s not easy ________ us _________ a foreign language.
A. for; learning B. of; learning C. of; to learn D. for; to learn 4. Children find___ interesting to play computer games. A. that B. which C. it D. it’s
5. Do you think it important _____ computer well? A. play B. plays C. to play D. playing
6. Is _______ necessary to complete the design before National Day? A. this B. that C. it D. he
7. I don’t think _______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. A. this B. that C. its D. it
8. Does _______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time? A. this B. that C. he D. it
9. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _______ didn’t help. A. he B. which C. she D. it
10. _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It
11. I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. these D. them
12. I like _______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A. this B. that C. it D. one
13. _______ happened _______ he is unfit for the office. A. This; that B. That; that C. It; that D. He; that
14. We took _______ for granted that they would accept our advice. A. that B. this C. it D. them
15. _______ that the scientist will give us a talk next month? A. Is true B. Is it true C. It’s true D. It’s truly
16. _______ doesn’t matter much _______ dress you are going to wear. A. This; that B. That; who C. It; which D. It; who 17. _______ is going to America for further study.
A. He is said that B. People said that he C. It was said he D. It is said that he 18. They are good friends. _______ is no wonder that they know each other so well. A. This B. That C. There D. It
19. Is _______ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? A. this B. there C. that D. it
20. She liked _______ when he kissed her. A. him B. that C. one D. it
21. _______ will do you good to do some exercise every morning. A. It B. There C. Those D. One
22. We think _______ our duty to pay taxes to our government. A. that B. this C. its D. it
23. I’d appreciate ________ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. A. that B. it C. this D. you 24 . -What do you think made Mary so upset? -
25_____a discussion of this subject. A. to have B. should have 26. It’s very kind ___ you ______ me..
A. for, helping B. of ,help C. for, to help D. of, to help 27 —What do you think of the book？
-Oh, excellent．It's worth ___a second time. d D. being read
28. It’s no use ＿＿＿＿＿ forward to ＿＿＿＿ from her soon.
D. Keeping 参考答案
1—5 BBDCC 6—10 CDDDD 11—15 ACCCB 16—20 CDDDD 21—25 ADBCD 26—30 DCBAD
It”作形式主语和宾语
It作形式主语和形式宾语用法，是中学阶段英语学习的主要语法项目之一。纵观历届高考题，无论是单项选择，还是完行填空，it用法始终是反复考查的重、热点之一。现将it在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法，进行如下归纳分析，以供学习参考。 一、 It 用作形式主语
当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。 e.g. It is wrong to tell a lie.
(说谎是错误的。) 〔It为to tell a lie的形式主语〕 It is no use arguing about it.
(争吵是没用的。) 〔It为arguing about it的形式主语〕 It is uncertain who will come.
(谁要来还不确定。) 〔It为who will come的形式主语〕 It 作形式主语的常见句型：
① It + be + 形容词 + to do sth. / doing / that …. e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language. (学一门外语非常重要。)
It is useless crying over the spilt milk. (覆水难收。)
It was really surprising that she married a man like that. (她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。) ② It + be +名词词组 + doing / that …. e.g. It is no good telling lies. (撒谎没好处。)
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday. (你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。)
It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party. (没有共产党就没有新中国，这是毋庸质疑的。) ③ It + be + 过去分词 + that ….
该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc. e.g. It is said that they have invented a new type of computer. (据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。)
It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world. (大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。)
It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami. (据报道，至少有十七万人在2004年那场海啸中丧生。) ④ It + seems / appears / happens等不及物动词 + that …. e.g. It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much. (似乎他非常喜欢流行歌曲。)
It appears that Tom might change his mind.
(看来汤姆可能会改变主意。)
⑤ 若句子是疑问形式，就只能用it作形式主语。 e.g. Does it matter much that they won’t come tomorrow? (他们明天不来很重要吗？)
Is it true that he will go abroad next week? (他下周出国是真的吗？)
⑥ It + takes + (sb.) + some time + to do sth.
这是一个表示“（某人）花多少时间干某事”的句型，其中it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式（to do sth.），句型中的sb.也可以省略。
e.g. It took me some time to read the reading materials. (我花了一些时间才读完那段阅读材料。)
It took him fourteen hours to go to New Zealand from Shanghai by plane. (从上海乘飞机去新西兰花了他14小时。)
How long does it take you to go to Beijing from Qingdao by train? (从青岛坐火车到北京一般要花多久时间？)
I am not sure, but I think it takes at least nine hours to get there. (我不能肯定，但估计至少要九个钟头才能到那儿。) 二、It 用作形式宾语
当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。此时it仍只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
下列四种情况须用it 作形式宾语：
① 当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时（如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等）；
e.g. They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese. （他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。） I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English. （我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难。） He makes it a rule never to borrow money. （他立志决不向别人借钱。）
I think it no need talking about it with them. （我认为没必要跟他们谈。）
② 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate等，往往不能直接接宾语从句；
e.g. I don’t like it that he’s so lazy.
（我不喜欢他那么懒惰。）
I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs. （我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋。）
③ that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语； e.g. You may depend on it that we shall always help you. （尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。） Would you see to it that she gets home early? （你负责保证她早到家，好吗？） He insisted on it that he was innocent. （他坚持说自己是无辜的。）
④ 由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用it。 e.g. I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it. （我让你自己判断这事是否该做。）
We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident. （多亏了你才没有发生严重事故。）
试比较下列高考题，选出最佳答案：
1. Is _______ necessary to complete the design before National Day? (MET89) A. this B. that C. it D. he
2. I don’t think _______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.. (MET90)
A. this B. that C. its D. it
3. Does _______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time? (MET91) A. this B. that C. he D. it
4. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _______ didn’t help. (MET93) A. he B. which C. she D. it
5. _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (MET95) A. There B. This C. That D. It
6. I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full. (MET98) A. it B. that C. these D. them
7. Don’t _______ that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be the most successful. (上海98)
A. take as granted B. take this for granted C. take that for granted D. take it for granted
8. I like _______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (MET2004) A. this B. that C. it D. one
模拟练习：
1. _______ happened _______ he is unfit for the office. A. This; that B. That; that C. It; that D. He; that
2. We took _______ for granted that they would accept our advice. A. that B. this C. it D. them
3. _______ that the scientist will give us a talk next month? A. Is true B. Is it true C. It’s true D. It’s truly
4. _______ doesn’t matter much _______ dress you are going to wear. A. This; that B. That; who C. It; which D. It; who 5. _______ is going to America for further study. A. He is said that B. People said that he C. It was said he D. It is said that he
6. They are good friends. _______ is no wonder that they know each other so well. A. This B. That C. There D. It
7. Is _______ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? A. this B. there C. that D. it
8. She liked _______ when he kissed her. A. him B. that C. one D. it
9. _______ will do you good to do some exercise every morning. A. It B. There C. Those D. One
10. We think _______ our duty to pay taxes to our government. A. that B. this C. its D. it
Key: 高考真题: 1-8 CDDDDADC 模拟练习: 1-5 CCBCD 6-10 DDDAD
一、 作为正确项的it
1. I like ________ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2004, 全国卷I)
A. thisB. thatC. itD. one
2. I hate ________ when people talk with their mouths full. (NMET 1998)
A. it B. thatC. theseD. them
【解析】 在I like / love / hate it when...这个结构中,it 是形式宾语,真正的宾语是when从句所描述的某种情形。句意分别是:1. 我喜欢秋天晴朗的天气。2. 我讨厌人们一边吃饭一边说话。又如:I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone. 有时非得用法语去打电话,我真感到讨厌。值得注意的是,这种情况与我们所熟悉的it 作形式宾语的复合结构是不同的,因为在它之后没有形容词或名词作宾语补足语。如: I thought it strange that she hadn’t written. 她没有写信,我感到很奇怪。
3. The Foreign Minister said, “________ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” (2004, 北京卷)
A. This is B. There isC. That is D. It is
4. ________ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET 1995)
A. ThereB. ThisC. ThatD. It
【解析】 it作形式主语, that从句作真正主语,常见的句型有:
① It + be + 形容词(obvious, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.) + that从句
② It + be + 名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+ that从句
③ It + be + 过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.) + that从句
5. —Do you like ________ here?
—Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. (2004, 全国卷 II)
A. thisB. theseC. thatD. it
【解析】 it可以指代“未指明,但谈话双方心里都明白的那件事或那种情况”, 在本题情景中it指“这儿的情况(the situation here)”。 又如: I can’t stand it (= this situation) any longer!我再也不能忍受这种情况了!How’s it (= your life, work, etc.) going? 近况如何? The worst of it is that we’ll have to get the repairs done again. 最糟糕的是我们还得再次修理。If it’s convenient I can see you tomorrow. 要是方便的话,我明天可以见你。
6. The Parkers bought a new house but ________ will need a lot of work before they can move in. (NMET 2001)
A. theyB. itC. oneD. which
【解析】 it可以指“已知的或暗含的事实或情况”,在此指“买房之后的情况”。又如:She was frightened, but tried not to show it. 她非常恐惧,但竭力没有表现出来。
7. Bill’s aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, ________? (2004, 上海卷)
A. isn’t it B. is it C. isn’t he D. is he
【解析】 答案为A。it指代Bill’s aim。
二、 作为干扰项的it
(一) it对替代词one的干扰
8. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made ________ from some wood we had. (2004全国卷III)
A. itB. oneC. himself D. another
9. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ________ I will always treasure. (NMET 2002)
A. thatB. oneC. itD. what
【解析】 第8、9题都选B。第8题中的one指代“a new cupboard”。第9题里的one(= a moment)作an unforgettable moment的同位语,它的后面是一个省略了that的定语从句。对比下句中it的用
法:Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, and I will always treasure it (=the unforgettable moment).
10. —Why don’t we take a little break?
—Didn’t we just have ________? (NMET 2000)
A. itB. thatC. oneD. this
11. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have ________. (NMET 1995)
A. it B. thoseC. themD. one
【解析】 第10、11题分别选C和D。替代词one和人称代词it极易混淆,其不同之处在于:one替代的是一个用不定冠词限定的单数可数名词(如:a cupboard, a break),而it不能用作替代词,它指代的是确定的、具体的某事物。比较下面句子中的one和it:
Your story is very interesting, but I don’t like it (=your story). 你的故事很有意思,但我不喜欢它。
This story is an interesting one(=story).这是一个有趣的故事。
She has no watch, so I want to buy one (=a watch) for her. 她没有手表,所以我想给她买一块(手表)。
There is only one watch of the type in the shop, so I want to buy it (=the only watch) for her. 这款手表商店只有一块,所以我想把它买给她。
(二) it对关系代词as的干扰
12. ________ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. (2004北京卷)
A. ItB. AsC. ThatD. What
13. ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (NMET 2001)
A. ItB. AsC. ThatD. What
【解析】第12、13题的答案都是B。这两道题中的as引导的是定语从句,指代整个主句的内容。将第12、13题的题干分别改写成下面两句,试比较it用作形式主语的用法:
It is reported in the newspapers that talks between the two countries are making progress.
It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
这种用法的as多见于这些习惯用语中:as anybody can see;as is well known;as we had expected;as often happens; as has been said before;as is mentioned above等。
(三) it对关系代词which的干扰
14. Carol said the work would be done by October, ________ personally I doubt very much. (NMET 1999)
A. it B. that C. when D. which
【解析】 此题选D。which引导非限制性定语从句,代指主句的整个内容。对比it的用法:Carol said the work would be done by October, but personally I doubt it very much.
(四) it对其他代词的干扰
15. I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately ________ couldn’t spare me even one minute. (2004重庆卷)
A. theyB. oneC. whoD. it
【解析】 此题选A,they泛指“我”的朋友。
16. —There’s coffee and tea; you can have ________.
—Thanks. (NMET 2003)
A. eitherB. eachC. oneD. it
【解析】 此题选A。either指两者之中的任何一个,这里相当于说:You can have either coffee or tea.
17. It is the ability to do the job ________ matters not where you come from or what you are. (NMET 2000)
A. oneB. thatC. whatD. it
【解析】 此题选B,that是强调句型的结构词。
18. Tom felt that he knew everybody’s business better than they knew it ________ . (NMET 1996)
A. themselves B. oneself C. itself D. himself
【解析】 此题选A。句意:汤姆认为,他对大家事情的了解胜过他们对自己事情的了解。
英语中，常用“it”作形式宾语代替宾语从句，把真正的宾语从句后置，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。请看高考题：
I like ________ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. 【NMET 2004全国I】
A. this B. that C. it D. one
I hate ________ when people talk with their mouths full. 【NMET1998】
A. it B. that C. those D. them
“it”充当形式宾语，宾语从句后置的情况有下列几种：
一、在believe, consider, declare, estimate, fancy, feel, find, guess, hear, imagine, know, make, prove, reckon, think, understand 等动词接复合宾语(宾语＋宾补)时，要用it作形式宾语。在这种结构中that不可省略。例如：
We find it difficult that we should finish the work on time.我发现我们按时完成工作有困难。
She thinks it wrong that he didn't answer the phone.她认为他不接电话是不对的。
二、由动词和介词构成的短语动词后接 that 宾语从句时，要用形式宾语。 例如：
We are thinking of it that we'll lend you some money. 我正在考虑借给你钱的事。
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候我负责把他照顾好。
三、用于“动词+宾语+介词短语”的句型中。例如：
Keep it in mind that you have to be home by ten o'clock.要记住你得十点钟之前回家。
We took it for granted that he would come. 我们认为他来是当然的。
四、不可直接接宾语从句的情况。
在like, enjoy, love, hate, take 等表“喜怒哀乐”的动词，后若要跟宾语从句，需跟形式宾语 it。
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. 我不喜欢人们满口饭说话。
I like it that everyone passed the exam. 都通过了考试我很喜欢。
五、不可直接跟that从句的情况。
下列动词不可直接接that从句：ask, refuse, let, like, cause, force, condemn, admire, celebrate, entreat, dislike(厌恶), overlook, love, help, take, forgive, bid, hate, hear(听见), see(看见), want(想要) 等，但可用it, the fact做媒介，后接that从句；或接动名词、不定式。例如：
He overlooked it that he had made another mistake. (正确) 他忽视了一件事，他又犯了一个错误。
He overlooked the fact that he had made another mistake. (正确)
He overlooked that he had made another mistake. (错误)
I admire it that they won the match. (正确)
I admire the fact that they won the match. (正确) 我很羡慕，他们赢得了比赛。
I admire that they won the match. (错误)
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