PMI, Project Management Institute, 美国项目管理学会 PMP, Project Management Professional, 项目管理专业人员认证 PMBOK, Project Management Body of Knowledge, 项目管理知识体系 PLC, project life cycle, 项目生命周期 RFP, Request for proposal, 需求建议书
WBS, Work Breakdown Structure, 工作分解结构 CPM, Critical path method, 关键路径法
PERT, Project Evaluation and Review Technique, 计划评审技术 AOA, Activity-On-Arrow, 双代号网络图法 AON, Activity-on-node, 单代号网络图
CPI, Cost Performance Index, 成本绩效指数 (挣值(EV)/实际成本(AC)) RAM, Responsibility Assignment Matrix, 职责分配矩阵 P&L, Profit and loss损益
VAT, value-added tax, 加值税、增值税 QA, Quality Assurance, 质量保障
二、填空题（5*2=10）。
1. A project is an endeavour to accomplish a specific objective through a unique set of interrelated tasks and the effective utilization of resources. 1.项目是努力完成一个特定的目标，通过一套独特的相互关联的任务和资源的有效利用。
2. A project manager is responsible for planning the work and then work the plan.项目经理负责规划工作，然后工作计划。
3. The project life cycle has four phases: initiating, planning, performing, and closing the project.项目生命周期有四个阶段︰ 启动、 规划、 执行和结束项目。
4. Project selection involves evaluating potential projects and then deciding which should move forward to be implemented.项目选择涉及潜在项目评估，然后决定，应该向前来实施。
5. WBS facilitates evaluation of cost, time, and technical performance of the organization on a project.
WBS 促进评估的成本、 时间和上一个项目组织的技术性能。 6. The project network is developed from the information collected for the WBS and is a graphic flow chart of the project job plan. 项目开发从 WBS 收集的信息和网络是一个图形的流程图的项目工作计划。 7. In the context of projects, risk is an uncertain event and condition that, if it occurs, has a positive and negative effect on project objectives. 在项目范围内，风险是不确定的事件和条件，如果它发生，已经对项目目标的积极和消极的影响。
8. Milestones are significant project events that mark major accomplishments. 里程碑是重大项目事件标记的主要成就。
9. Two important factors affecting recruitment are the importance of the project and the management structure being used to complete the project.有两个重要影响因素招聘有项目和管理结构被用来完成这项工程的重要性
10. The most common method for shortening project time is to assign additional staff and equipment to activities.最常用的方法，缩短项目时间是将额外的工作人员和设备分配给活动
三．选择题（15*2=30）
1. Communications is best described as: A. an exchange of information. B. providing written or oral directions.
C. consists of senders and receivers D. effective listening. E. All of the above ANS: E
2. The following types of costs are relevant to making a financial decision except:
A. opportunity costs B. direct costs C. sunk cost D. unavoidable costs E. None of the above ANS: C
3. Time management is the allocation of time in a project's life cycle through the process of: A. Planning B. Estimating. C. Scheduling. D. Controlling E. All of the above. ANS: E
4. A project element which lies between two events is called: 位于两个事件之间的项目元素被称为 A. An activity.
B. A critical path method. C. A slack milestone. D. A timing slot.
E. A calendar completion point. ANS: A
5. A comprehensive definition of scope management would be: 一个全面的定义的范围管理将是︰
A. Managing a project in terms of its objective through the concept, development, implementation, and termination phases of a project. 管理项目以及项目的概念、 发展、 实施和终止阶段通过其目的。 B. Approval of the scope baseline. C. Approval of the detailed project charter. D. Configuration control.
E. Approved detailed planning including budgets, resource allocation, linear responsibility charts and management sponsorship. ANS: A
6. Pure Risk differs from Business Risks because Pure Risk's _____ . A. include chances of both profit or loss associated with the business. B. include chances of loss and no chances for profit associated with the business. 包括丢失的可能性和相关业务的利润没有机会
C. must incur personal loss with business liability. 必须与业务责任招致个人损失。
D. must incur business liability associated with loss of pure profit.
E. B and C ANS: B ANS: D
7. The most common types of schedules are Gantt charts, milestone charts, line of balance, and: A. Networks. B. Time phased events. C. Calendar integrated activities. D. A and C only. E. B and C only. ANS: A
8. In preparing a good project definition, experienced project managers will:
A. Concentrate mainly on the end product rather than costs or benefits. These come later.
B. Realize that only the \"tip of the iceberg\" may be showing. As a project manager, you must get beneath it.
C. Understand that a project definition/plan is a dynamic rather than static tool, and thus subject to change.
D. Try to convert objectives into quantifiable terms. E. All of the above ANS: E
9. Since risk is associated with most projects, the best course of action is to:
A. cover all project risks by buying appropriate insurance
B. ignore the risks, since nothing can be done about them and move forward with the project in an expeditious manner. C. avoid projects with clear and present risks
D. eliminate all known risks prior to the execution phase of the project E. identify various risks and implement actions to mitigate their potential impact ANS: E
10. Risk management allows the project manager and the project team to: A. eliminate most risks during the planning phase of the project B. identify project risks
C. identify impacts of various risks D. plan suitable responses E. B, C and D only ANS: E
11. Which of the following types of cost are relevant to making financial decisions: A. sunk cost B. opportunity cost C. material cost D. A and C only E. B and C only
ANS: E
12. Which of the following is often overlooked in achieving effective communication? A. speaking clearly B. listening C. interpreting
D. maintaining eye contact E. manipulating the conversation ANS: B
13. The highest degrees of project risk and uncertainty are associated with the following phase of the project: A. conceptual B. execution C. cut-over
D. post project evaluation E. A and D only ANS: A
14. The auditing function that provides feedback about the quality of output is referred to as: A. quality control. B. quality planning. C. quality assurance. D. quality improvement E. All of the above. ANS: C
15. The sending or conveying of information from one place to another is the process of A. Networking B. Transmitting C. Interacting D. Promoting E. Interfacing ANS: B
16. Project life cycles provide a better means of measurement of progress and control. The four phases of a project are conceptual development, _____, _____, and _____.
A. Preliminary planning, detail planning, closeout B. Implementation, reporting, termination C. Development, implementation, termination D. Execution, reporting, finishing
E. Implementation, termination, post-audit review ANS: C
17. All of the following are categories of a milestone in a schedule except:
A. End date. B. Contract dates. C. Key events scheduled. D. Imposed dates. E. Task duration. ANS: E
18. Uncertainty refers to a situation where:
A. the outcomes are known but their probabilities are high B. the outcomes and their probabilities are known C. neither the outcomes nor their probabilities are known D. states of nature can change at any time
E. probabilities of various states of nature can change at any time ANS: C
19. Excessive flexibility in specifying requirements will _____ the likelihood of time overruns. A. Reduce. B. Eliminate. C. Double D. Increase E. Not affect ANS: D
20. Which of the following is closet to Deming's definition of Quality: A. conformance to requirements. B. fitness for use.
C. continuous improvement of products and services. D. customer focus. E. All of the above. ANS: C
21. The key purpose of project control is to: A. Plan ahead for uncertainties. B. Generate status reports. C. Keep the project on track. D. Develop the project road map. E. All of the above. ANS: C
22. Which of the following constitute Juran's \"quality trilogy\": A. planning, inspection, control. B. planning, improvement, control. C. planning, organization, control. D. product, price, customer. E. design, build, deliver. ANS: B
23. Most project (and non-project) managers prefer _____ communications. A. Oral
B. Written C. Upward D. Downward E. Lateral ANS: A
24. On a precedence diagram, the arrow between two boxes is called: A. An activity. B. A constraint. C. An event. D. The critical path. E. None of above. ANS: B
25. Quality control charts show a characteristic of the product or service against:
A. the specification limits. B. customer requirements.
C. control limits based on three standard deviations in each direction. D. control limits based on six standard deviations in each direction. E. A and D only ANS: C
26. In the arrow diagramming method (ADM), _____ do not consume time or resources. A. Events.
B. Dummy Activities C. Slack elements. D. B and C only.
E. All of the above. ANS: A
27. Activities with zero time duration are referred to as: A. Critical path activites. B. Noncritical path activities. C. Slack time activities. D. Dummies E. None of above. ANS: D
28. In the PDM, common constraints include: A. Start-to-start B. Finish-to-start C. Finish-to-finish D. B and C only E. A, B, and C. ANS: E
29. Non-verbal communication includes: A. Body movement B. Gestures C. Facial expressions
D. The way we move our hands E. All of the above ANS: E
30. Which one of the following is not an acquisition method? A. advertising
B. invitation C. negotiation D. purchase
E. all are acquisition methods ANS: A
31. For communication to occur, there must be: A. Two or more people involved B. the transmittal of information C. a communication process D. All of the above E. B and C only ANS: D
32. Job continuity would be an example of _____ in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
A. Self-actualization B. Esteem C. Physiological D. Belonging E. Safety ANS: E
四、简单题（2*10=20）。
1. What are the major characteristics of a project? 项目的主要特点有哪些 1).An established objective. 既定的目标
2).A defined life span with a beginning and an end. 定义的寿命，有开始和结束
3).Usually, the involvement of several departments and professionals. 通常情况下，几个部门及专业人士参与。
4).Typically, doing something that has never been done before. 通常情况下，做一些从来没有过
5).Specific time, cost, and performance requirements. 具体的时间、 成本和性能要求。
2. What factors do you consider when choosing project management structure? At least five factors. 选择项目管理结构时，你考虑什么因素？ 1).Size of project项目的大小 2).Strategic importance战略重要性
3).Novelty and need for innovation新颖性和需要创新 4).Number of departments involved涉及多个部门 5).Environmental complexity环境的复杂性 6).Budget and time constraints. 预算和时间限制 7).Stability of resource requirement. 稳定的资源要求 3. How to define the project? 如何定义项目？ 1).Defining the project scope定义项目范围 2).Establishing project priorities建立项目优先事项 3).Creating the work breakdown structure创建工作分解结构 4).Integrating the WBS with the organization结合 WBS 组织 5). Coding the WBS for the information system编码为信息系统 WBS
五、计算题（15*2=30）。
1.根据包装机制造项目的预算成本表和累计完成比率表，计算项目的
表一 预算成本表
TBC 1 设计 购买材料 制造 安装测试 30 70 40 30 10 2 15 3 5 4 10 5 20 6 20 5 7 20 10 8 10 9 10 10 5 11 10 12 20 周 合计 170 10 15 5 10 20 25 30 10 10 5 10 20 表2 包装机每期累计完成比率(%)
周 TBC 设计 购买材料 制造 安装测试
表3 包装机累计挣值、CPI和CV
周 TBC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 25 60 80 100 10 100 100 35 60 10 100 100 80 40 100 40 设计 购买材料 制造 安装测试 30 7.5 18 24 30 30 30 30 30 70 7 24.5 42 56 70 40 4 16 24 30 累计实际CAC 8 20 26 36 53 78 110 132 累计挣 值CEV 7.5 18 24 37 54.5 76 102 118 CPI 0.94 0.9 0.92 1.02 1.02 0.97 0.93 0.89 CV -0.5 -2 -2 1 1.5 -2 -8 -14
2.求图中箭线图的关键路径。
A B C D E F G ES 0 0 3 5 5 12 17 EF 3 5 21 12 15 17 25 LS 7 5 25 12 17 17 25 LF 4 0 7 5 7 12 17 TS 4 0 4 0 2 0 0 H I J K L 25 17 17 27 22 27 26 22 32 30 27 27 24 32 32 25 18 19 27 24 0 1 2 0 2 关键路径为：B-D-F-G-H-K
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