第一章 名词 1. 名词的数 2. 名词的格 第二章 代词 1. 人称代词 2. 物主代词
第三章 冠词 与 数词 1. 冠词 2. 数词
第四章 一般现在时态 第五章 现在进行时态 第六章 句型 1． 陈述句 2． 疑问句 3． 祈使句
4． There be 句型与have\\ has 第七章 总结考试
第一章 名词 （Noun）
名词的概念
在生活中，我们会接触到各种各样的人和事物，用来表示这些人或事物名称的词就是名词。一、名词的数
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名词的数指名词的单数和复数形式。可数名词表示“一个”时用单数，“两个以上”时用复数；不可数名词表示量时，通常用“数词+单位+of+物质名词”的形式，如 a piece of bread (一片面包)， 变为复数时，只须将单位名词变为复数， 如：two pieces of bread(两片面包)。 *名词复数的构成法则
1. 一般情况下在词尾加 s. 词尾读音
shop --- shops (商店) 在清辅音后读 [ s ] bag --- bags (书包) 在浊辅音后读 [ z ] window --- windows (窗户) 在元音后读 [ z ] 2. 以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾的单词在词尾加es。
class --- classes (班级) 词尾读音[ iz ] box --- boxes (盒子) match --- matches (比赛) brush --- brushes (刷子)
3. 以“辅音字母 +y” 结尾的词， 变y为 i 加es. story --- stories (故事) 词尾读音[ iz ] 4. 以“元音字母 +y” 结尾的词，在词尾直接加 s key --- keys 词尾读音[ z ] monkey --- monkeys
5.以 “o” 结尾的名词， 复数一般在词尾加“s”, 但个别加 “es” tomato --- tomatoes (西红柿) 词尾读音[ z ] potato --- potatoes (土豆) zoo --- zoos (动物园) photo --- photos (照片)
*（以 “o”结尾，复数加 “es”）口诀：
黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)，左手拿着西红柿(tomato)，右手拿着破土豆(potato)， 头顶一个大芒果（mango）。
6. 以 f或 fe 结尾的词，多数变f或 fe 为 ves. leaf --- leaves (树叶) 词尾读音[ vz ] knife --- knives ( 小刀)
*（以f或fe结尾的单词，需把f或fe 变ves的单词）口诀：
妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（thief）吓得发了慌，躲在架下（shelf）保己命，半(half)片树叶（leaf）遮目光。
*（以f或fe结尾的单词，直接加 “s”的单词）口诀：
长颈鹿(giraffe)站在屋檐(roof)下，左手拿着手绢(handkerchief)，右手拿着高尔夫球(golf)。 例： roof --- roofs ( 屋顶) 7. 不规则名词复数的变化
man --- men (男人) tooth ---teeth (牙齿) child --- children (儿童) mouse --- mice(老鼠) foot --- feet (脚) woman --- women (女人) 8. 名词单复数形式一样
sheep --- sheep (绵羊) deer --- deer （鹿）
English --- English（英国人） Chinese --- Chinese （中国人） *（不规则名词变复数）口诀： 男人，女人a变e；
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鹅，足，牙齿oo变ee； 其实老鼠也好记ous变ic；
孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用记。
二、名词所有格的构成法
1. 主要是在词尾加’ s 构成。如:
This is Tom’s desk . 这是汤姆的书桌。 That is Mike’s book. 那是迈克的书。
2. 如果原名词已经有复数词尾s ,则仅加一个’ . 如:
the teachers’ reading room 教师阅览室
the pupils’ pencil-boxes 学生们的文具盒
3. 如果原词是复数形式，但不是以s 结尾， 变为所有格形式需在后面加上’ s 。如： the children’s palace 少年宫 men’s room 男厕所 *名词所有格口诀：
名词所有格，s前面加一撇’，复数s放在尾，后加一撇就完结，两人共有算一个，后面只加一个撇。名词练习题
写出下列名词的复数形式
1.computer __ computers __ 2.apple ___ apples _____ 3.city ____cities____ 4.house __houses______ 5.sheep ___ sheep _____ 6.watch __watches__ 7.tomato __ tomatoes 8.child ____children__ 9.tooth __teeth______ 10.foot ____feet_________ 11.wife wives 12.potato _ potatoes
13.play __plays____ 14.day ___days____ 15.glass ___ glasses ____ 16.radio ____ radios ___ 17.zoo ___zoos_______ 18. life ____lives_____ 19. story __ stories 20.leaf ___leaves___ 21. baby ___babies____ 22.dress ___ dresses ____ 23.butterfly _ butterflies_ 24. deer ___ deer ____ 25.class ____ classes ___ 26.brush ___ brushes ___ 27.key ___ keys _____ 28. English _ English ___ 29.mouse ___mice____ 30. man __men_____
二、汉译英
1．Tom的足球 __Tom’s football 2. 老师们的自行车 the teachers’ bikes 3．学生们的课桌 the students’ desks 4.哥哥的文具盒 brother’s box
5．姑姑的卡片 aunt's cards 6.猴子们的香蕉 the monkeys’ bananas 7．蚂蚁们的早餐 the ants’ breakfast 8.妈妈的包 mother’s bag
9．姐姐的连衣裙 sister’s dress 10女孩们的苹果 the girls’ apples 三、把下列句子翻译成英文
1．这些 是Peter 的篮球吗？ __ Are these Peter’s basketballs? ___ 2．这个是老师的钢笔吗？ ____Is this teacher’s pen?
3．有一些书在Sam的课桌上。__There are some books on the Sam’s desk.___ 4．有一些孩子们在教室里。__There are some children in the classrom. _____ 四、改错 （圈出错处，在横线上改正过来）
1.There are some butterflys on the table. __butterflies____________ 2.This is Alice dress. __Alice’s_______
3.I like tomato very much. ___tomatoes________
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五、将下列句子变成复数形式。 1．This dog is brown.
___These dogs are brown._______________ 2. There is a book and a pen on the table.
__There are some books and pens on the table._______________ 3.That woman is a teacher.
__Those women are teachers._______________________
能力测试卷 （名词） 将下列名词变成复数形式。
1.plane planes tree lesson month apple shirt 2. box boxes bus brush watch class fox 3.knife knives life leaf Wife thief
4.day days boy monkey baby babies country story 5.photo photos radio piano tomato tomatoes hero
6. child children tooth teeth man men Sheep sheep English English Chinese Chinese 二、判断正误，并改正错句，正确的打“ √ ”
1．The house is my brother. __ The house is my brother’s.
2. He has visited many country. _ He has visited many countries. 3. They are Englishs. ___ They are English.
4. This is Tom red bike. __ This is Tom’s red bike. 三、选择填空
1．There are two ______ in the room.
A. Chineses B. Englishman 2.The old man will have ___________ out. A. two tooths B. two teeth 3. ____________ are sold in this bookstore. A. Children's books B. Children books 4. Some friends of _________ will come here. A. John's B. John 5. Can you give me ______________?
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A. some papers B. a piece of paper 6.There are ______________ on the floor. A. some box B. some boxes 四、将下列句子变成复数形式。 1．This sheep is white.
___These sheep are white.______________________________ 2. There is a desk and a chair in the room.
__There are some desks and chairs in the room._______________ 3.That man is a doctor.
__Those men are doctors. _______________________________
第二章 代词
一、人称代词
1．人称代词即表示“你、我、他、你们、我们、他们”等的词，它的人称、数和格的变化见下表： 数 人称 主格 宾格 单数 第一人称 I me 第二人称 you you 第三人称 he him she her it it 复数 第一人称 We us 第二人称 you you 第三人称 they them 主格与宾格：
人称代词有主格和宾格两种形式。主格主要用来做句子的主语；宾格主要用作宾语。 人称代词主格用在句首作主语。She is sitting in a bus.她正坐在公共汽车上。
人称代词宾格在动词后作宾语。This pen is bad.I can’t write with it.这支钢笔不好，我没法用它写字。 2.人称代词的排列顺序
人称代词并列使用时，通常以下列顺序出现，请熟悉并记忆。 1） 单数代词：you and I; you and he ; he and I ; you ,he and I
2） 复数代词：we and they ; we and you ; you and they; we, you and they 3） 第三人称单数代词：he and she
*人称代词排序口诀：人称代词并列观，注意顺序礼貌见；
单数人称二、三、一，复数人称一、二、三； 麻烦事情“我”站前，其他人称没意见； 两性并用为三单，男先女后是习惯。
二、物主代词
物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 类别 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 形容词性 my our your your his,her,its their 名词性 mine our yours yours his,hers,its theirs
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名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词 例，Whose coat is this? 这是谁的上衣?
It’s hers. 是她的。 hers= her coat *关于物主代词的口诀：
物主代词很重要，译成汉语都有“的”，后面必须加上物，否则就要犯错误， my your his her its our their 不放过。
形容词性是基础，除了我的 “mine”外，其他词尾“s”性
形物代能力差，出门常把名词加；名物代能力强，常来独去又独往。
三、反身代词
反身代词也叫“自身代词”，表示“**自己”。 数 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself yourself himself, herself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves I can do it by myself. 我自己能做这件事。 *反身代词的构成规律记忆口诀：
反身代词有规律，第三人称宾格加，其余开头用物主，复数-ves替-f
四、指示代词
This (这个)------- these (这些) 指近处的事物 That (那个)------- these (那些) 指远处的事物
例，This is a book. 这是本书。 These are some books. 这些是书。
That is a car. 那是辆小汽车。 Those are some cars. 那些是小汽车。
代词练习题
根据题意，用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Mary is a friend of _mine____. ( I )
2. This is _her__ ( she ) ruler. __Mine_ ( I ) is in the bag. 3. Her brother is too young to look after _him__ ( he ) 4. This is __my__ ( I ) book. This book is __mine_ ( I ). 5. These pens are _ours__ ( we ). 二、填写下列表格。 人称代词 我 我们 你，你们 他 她 它 他们 主 格 I we you He She It They 宾 格 me us you Him her It Them 形容词性物主代词 my Our your His Her Its Their 名词性物主代词 mine Ours yours His Hers Its Theirs 反身代词 myself ourselves Yourself himself herself itself themselves
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/yourselves 三、改写下列句子
Eg, This is my book. ------ The book is mine. 1. That is her ruler. _That ruler is hers.______________________ 2. These are their footballs. __These footballs are theirs.___________ 3. This is my backpack . ___This backpack is mine. 4. Those are your boxes. ____Those boxes are yours. 四、把下列句子改写成复数。
1. This is a butterfly. ___These are butterflives.__ 2. That is a bus. __Those are buses.
3. It is a mouse. ___Their are mice._________ 五、改错。
1.This is mine lamp. ____ This is my lamp.________________
2.These are ours books.___ These are our books.___________________ 3. That are their teacher. ___ That is their teacher. ___________________ 4.The house is my brother. __ The house is my brother's. _
5. He has visited many country. __ He has visited many countries._ 6. They are Chineses. ___ They are Chinese._________ 7. This is Tom red bike. ___ This is Tom's red bike.____
能力测试卷 （代词）
帮下面的好朋友团圆 （连线）
I 她 its 我们
her 他（她，它）们 we 我 they 你的
their 他（她，它）们
your 她的 she 它的
二、填空
1．She’s a teacher . This is _her__ bag. 2. He’s a driver. This is __his___ taxi. 3. I am a boy . ___My_ name is Peter. 4. --What’s __your__ name? -- My name is Tony.
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5. It’s my puppy. _Its_ name is Mimi.
三、选择
( ) 1.Your book is not so old as _________. A. him B. he C. his D. she ( ) 2. _____ book is it ? It's ________.
A. Whose…her B. Whose… hers C. Who…hers D. Whom… her ( ) 3. He is a friend of ________.
A. our B. us C. my D. mine
四、改错
1. I, you and he are all teachers. You, he and I are all teachers. 2. This is mine teddy bear.
This is my teddy bear. 3. These are ours bags. These are our bags. 4. These is their teachers. These are their teachers.
第三章 数词和冠词
一、数词
表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词又分基数词和序数词，基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。1． 最基本的基数词如下表所示： 1~10 11~19 20~100 1 one 11 eleven 2 two 12 twelve 20 twenty 3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty 4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty 5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty 6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty 7 seven 17 seventeen 70 seventy 8 eight 18 eighteen 80 eighty 9 nine 19 nineteen 90 ninety 10 ten 100 one hundred *基数词的写法 ：21~99的两位数，十位与个位之间用连字符“-”。 例：21 twenty - one 32 thirty - two 99 ninety – nine
百位数：个位数基数词形式加“hundred”，表示几百，在几十几与百位间加上and。
例：101 a hundred and one. 320 three hundred and twenty 648six hundred and forty-eight 2．序数词的构成
1）一般来说，是由相应的基数词加词尾th构成。例，
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four+ th--- fourth six + th --- sixth seven + th --- seventh ten + th --- tenth
2）下面这些基数词在变为序数词时，有特殊的变化。例，
one --- first two --- second three --- third five--- fifth eight --- eighth nine --- ninth twelve --- twelfth
3）十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y 变成i，然后在加eth.例， twenty --- twentieth thirty --- thirtieth forty --- fortieth ninety --- ninetieth
4） 两位或两位以上的基数词变为序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。例，
twenty –one ------ twenty- first thirty-five ------thirty-fifth
a hundred and fifty-three ------- a hundred and fifty- third *基数词变序数词的口诀：
基变序，有规律；词尾加上th（fourth, sixth）
一、二、三，单独记；结尾字母t, d, d；（first，second，third） 八去t,九去e,（eighth，ninth）；ve要用f替；（fifth，twelfth） 整十基数变序数，ty将y变成i ; th 前面有个e； 要是遇到几十几，前用基来后用序。
二、冠词
冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种。 a或an是不定冠词，the是定冠词。a用在辅音音素之前，如 a desk, a
tree ; an 用在元音因素之前，如 an apple, an hour, an English book.
1. 不定冠词（a,an）指人或事物的某一种类，表示“一个”，但不强调数量。
She is a teacher. That’s an orange.
2. 定冠词 the，是特指某（些）人、某（些）物，或指说话人与听话人彼此知道的人或物，或者是在上文
提到过的人和事。
This is a bus. The bus is big. 3. 不用冠词的情况：
1） 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词前一般不用冠词。如， Chinese, English, Jim等。
2） 名词前已经有this, that, my, your等词时，就不再用冠词了。如， that mouse (那只老鼠)
3) 一些固定词组前不用定冠词。如， at home 在家 go to school 去上学 *定冠词the的用法记忆口诀：
特指、重提和唯一，岛屿、海峡和海湾； 海洋、党派、最高级，沙漠、河流与群山； 方位、顺序和乐器，年代、团体与机关； 船名、建筑和组织，会议、条约与报刊； 姓氏复数、国全名，记住定冠the加在前。 *零冠词用法口诀：
月份、星期、节假洲，呼语、头衔职务前； 三餐、球类、惯用语，学科、棋类名词前。
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冠词和数词专项练习
一、在空白处填上适当的冠词，不需要的填“/”。
1) at _/_home 2) go to_/__ bed 3) go to _/_school 4) catch __a_ bad cold 5) have _a__ good time
6) __a___red apple 7)_an__ English book 8) __a__ spoon 9)_an__ orange 10) __a__melon 11) ___an___ eraser 二、选择填空
1.There is _____ “m” in the word “primary” A. an B.a C.the D./ 2.This is ____ orange bike . A.a B.an C.the D/
3.It always takes us half _____ hour to have ____ long walk after supper . A.a,a B,a ,the C.an , a D.an , the 4.English is ____ useful language in ____ world . A.an , the B.a , the C.the , / D./ , the 5.We are going to _____ cinema this evening . A.the B./ C/a D.an
6.He's standing on _____ other side of _____ river . A.a , a B.the , the C.the , a D.a , the 7._____ potato is a vegetable , not ____ fruit . A.The , an B.The , a C.A, the D.An, / 8.He was _____ first to come . A.The B.a C.the D./
9.Do you see ____ book on _____ table ? A.the , a B.a, an C.an , an D.a , the
10.Where's _____ desk ? It's in ____ middle of the room . A./ , / B./ , a C.a , / D.the , the 11.He is _____ friend of mine . A.an B./ C.the D.a
12.There is ____ university near the farm . A.a B.an C.the D./ 13.He died in ____ autumn of 1989 . A./ B.the C.a D.an
14.I have ____ book . I t' s _____ interesting one . I like reading ____ books very much . A.a, an ,/ B.a , / , the C.an , an , the D./ , an , / 15.Today is _____ Children's Day . A.a B.an C.the D/ 16.This is _____ bag . That is ____ eraser .
A.a, a B.a , an C.an , a D. an , an 四、用代词填空:
1._____ , _____ and ____ are all good friends .
A.We , you , they B.You , they , we C.We , they , you D.They , you , we 2.____ classroom is big , but ____ is much bigger than _____ .
A.We , they , us B.Our , their , our C.Our , theirs , ours D.Our , theirs , we 3.She lost ____ pen . Will you lend her ____ ?
A.her , yours B.his , your C.hers , you D.their , yourself 4. “What are you doing ?” “I am looking at _____ in the mirror ?” A.me B.myself C.itself D.himself 5.____ , ____ and _____ all enjoy music .
A.She , you , I B.I , she , you C.You , she , I D.I , you , she
能力测试卷（冠词和数词）
写出相邻的数词
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1. nineteen twenty twenty-one 2. four five six
3. eleven twelve thirteen 4. fifty-seven fifty-eight fifty-nine 5. eighty-nine ninety ninety-one 6. sixty-nine seventy seventy-one 7. thirty-seven thirty-eight thirty-nine 8. ninety-nine one hundred one hundred one 9. nine hundred and ninety-nine one thousand one thousand and one one 10. zero one two 二、选择正确答案
1.There are days in a year.
A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five 2.There are students in this school.
A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six C. eight hundred and forty-six D. eight hundred forty-six 3.My brother is in .
A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one 4.He was doing some washing .
A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eight C. yesterday morning at eight D. by eight yesterday morning
5.There are months in a year. December is the month of the year. A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth 6.Sunday is the day of the week. A. seventh B. first C. second D. third 7.Autumn is season in a year.
A. the fourth B. the third C. a third D. third 8.Tom was to get to school and I was .
A. first; ninth B. the first; the ninth C. a first; a ninth D. the second; the ninth 9.What's the date today? It's .
A. Friday B. time to go C. cloudy D. June 4th 10.Monday is the second day, and . A. Tuesday is the fourth B. Thursday is the fifth C. the second is Tuesday D. the second is Thursday
第四章 一般现在时态
一、一般现在时的定义
一般现在时是表示现在经常反复发生的动作，存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。
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二、一般现在时的结构
一般现在时用行为动词的原形，但第三人称单数作主语时，动词的词尾要加-s 或- es。现在以连系动词be 和
行为动词read为例，对一般现在时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及其简略答语的构成以表格形式加以说明： 动词 be I am … You/We/They are … He/She/It is ... read I/We/You/They read… He/She/It reads …
动词 be 疑问句 Am I …? Are you …? Are we …? Are they …? Is he…? Is she …? Is it …? read 简略答语（肯定） Yes , you are. Yes, I am/we are. Yes, we/you are. Yes, they are. Yes, he is. Yes, she is. Yes, it is. 简略答语（否定） No, you are not. No, I am/we are not. No, we/ you are not. No, they are not. No, he is not. No, she is not. No, it is not. 肯定句 I am not … You/We/They are not … He/She/It is not … I/We/You/They/ do not read … He/She/It does not read … 否定句 Do I / we / they Yes, you / we / they No, you / we / they do not. read …? do. No, he / she / it does not. Does he / she / it Yes, he / she / it does. read … ? 连系动词be 的各种形式常与代词或not缩写成一个词。助动词do，does 一般只有与not 缩写。联系
动词be缩写形式如下 肯定 I am You are He is She is It is We are They are 缩写 I’m You’re He’s She’s It’s We’re They’re 否定 I am not You are not He is not She is not It is not We are not They are not 缩写 I’m not You’re not /You aren’t He’s not /He isn’t She’s not /She isn’t It’s not / It isn’t We’re not / We aren’t They’re not / They aren’t 动词do not 的缩写形式为don’t，does not 的缩写形式为doesn’t。
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二、 动词加-s 或-es （动词第三人称单数）
当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s 或-es
1．一般在词尾加 –s
例：work—works leave --- leaves swim --- swims
2．以字母s，x，ch，sh 或o结尾的词加-es
例：pass--- passes fix ---fixes teach --- teaches do--- does
3．以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i再加-es
例：study --- studies carry --- carries fly --- flies cry --- cries
三、 一般现在时的用法
1．表示经常或习惯性的动作。常与often（经常）, always（总是）, sometimes（有时）, every day（每
天）, on Sundays/Mondays 等表示频度的时间状语连用。
一般现在时的时间状语有：today, often, sometimes, always, usually, every day ( week, month, year,…) , this year, once a week ( month, year,…) 一周（月，年）一次 例句：I get up at 6 o’clock every day. He often goes to school by bike.
2．表示客观事实，普遍真理。
例句：Two and two are four.二加二等于四。
The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
一般现在时态专项练习
一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式
post posts like likes ride rides study studys eat eats visit visits have has watch watches stop stops pass passes give gives fly flies jump jumps rise rises write writes teach teaches go goes read reads swim swims do does 二、 单项选择
( )1._____ you have a book ?
A Do B. Are C. Is D. Have ( )2.Does Li Lei like to watch TV? ______________.
A. Yes, he like. B. No, he doesn't. C. Yes, he'd like. D. No, he likes.
( )3.She doesn't ______ her homework in the afternoon. A. doing B. to do C. does D. do ( )4.How ____ Mr. Smith ______ to England?
A. do, go B. is , go C. does, go D. does , goes ( )5. _____ she ______ home at six every day?
A. Is , leave B. Does , leave C. Is , leaves D. Does , left 三、 用下列动词的适当形式填空
1.I __get____ ( get ) up at 6 o’clock every day. 2.My father __has_ (have) a lovely dog. 3.He _goes__ (go ) to school on foot.
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4.She _does_ (do ) not like watching TV.
5.They _play__ (play) football every Sunday afternoon. 四、 按要求完成下列各题
1.Tomorrow is Saturday.(变成一般疑问句) Is tomorrow Saturday ?
2.Does he play basketball every weekend? (肯定回答) Yes, he does.
3.She looks like her sister.(变一般疑问句) Dose she look like her sister ?
4.Peter and Sam look the same.(一般疑问句) Do they look the same ?
5.Do they always go to the movie (电影院) on Sundays ? (否定回答) No, they don’t. 五、英汉互译
1. Tom经常放学后（after school）踢足球。
__Tom often plays football after school. 2. 我喜欢唱歌。
_I like singing.
3. He often goes to school on foot.
_他经常走路上学___
4. Children like to play this game.
_孩子们喜欢玩这个游戏。____ 5. 今天是星期日。
_Today is Sunday.____
能力测试卷 （一般现在时）一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式
go stop write buy have do fly give swim ride play watch study cry read work rise
go
come
carry
二、用动词的适当形式填空
1. He _goes__ (go) to school on foot. 2. She __does_ not like watching TV. (do) 3. My father _has_ (have) a lovely dog. 4. I often _get_ ( get ) up at six every morning. 5. My mother _works__ ( work) in a school. 三、英汉互译
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1. 他经常在周六的时候读英语。 _ He often reads English on Saturday. __ 2. Peter 每天都帮助妈妈做家务。
_ Peter helps her mother do housework every day. __ 3. Tom always plays football after school. _ Tom经常放学后踢足球__ 4．I get up at six o’clock every day. _我每天6点起床。___ 5. The coat fits (适合) me very well. ___这件衣服非常适合我。_____
第五章 现在进行时态
一、 现在进行时的定义
现在进行时是表示在现在某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作的时态。 二、 现在进行时的构成
现在进行时由“系动词（am，is ， are） + 现在分词（动词加-ing形式）”
构成。现在以动词work为例，对现在进行时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及简略答语列表说明： 肯 定 句 否 定 句 I am working. I am not working. You are working. You are not working. He/She/It is working. He/She/It is not working. We/You/They are working. We/You/They are not working. 疑 问 句 简 略 答 语 Am I working? Yes, you are. No, you are not. Are we working? Yes, we/ you are. No, we/ you aren’t. Yes, I am. Are you working? No, I am not. Yes, we are. No, we are not.
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Is he/she it working ? Yes, he/she/it is. No, he/she/it is not. Are they working? Yes, they are. No, they are not.
三、 现在分词的构成
1. 一般在动词原形末尾加-ing。
stay --- staying do --- doing listen --- listening 2. 以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing。
make --- making ride --- riding give --- giving
3. 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing。
put --- putting sit --- sitting run --- running
4. 以ie 为重读音节结尾的单词，先去掉e，把i 变为y，再加 –ing。
lie --- lying die --- dying
四、 现在进行时的用法
1. 表示现在或说话时正在进行的动作，常和下列时间状语连用：now, at this moment, at present, these
days (years), this term … 有时也与look , listen 等连用。 例句：Look, what are the monkeys eating? 看，那些猴子在吃什么？
2. 表示当前一直或反复在进行的动作或难以终止的动作。
例句：They are running and jumping all the time.
他们一直在跑啊跳啊。
现在进行时态专项练习
一、 写出下列动词的现在分词形式
stay _staying__ do __doing__ listen __ listening __
work _ working _ spend __spending_ look _looking__
take _taking__ give _giving__ ride __riding__
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suffer _ suffering __ make __making__ please _ pleaseing _ refuse _ refuseing __ put __putting_ win _winning_ close _closing__ sit __sitting_ begin __beginning__ operate _operating_ run __running__ open __opening___ die __dying__
tie __tying___
lie __lying_______
二、 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Mary and Lucy are _dancing__ (dance) now.
2. Listen! Someone is _playing_ (play) the piano in the next room. 3. He is _sweeping__ (sweep) the floor at the moment. 4. Look ! The cat __is____ _eating__ (eat) the fish on the table. 5. A: _Are_ you __studying_ (study) French ?
B: Yes , I am.
6. She often __dances__ (dance) after school.
7. My father and mother _are__ _swimming_ (swim) in the pond. 8. My sister is _flying__ (fly) a kite in the garden. 9. We are _watching__ (watch) TV now.
10. Be quiet ! The baby __is___ _sleeping__ (sleep) now. 三、 改错
1. We are cleanning our classroom. ____ cleaning ____________________ 2. She is sing in the next room. ____ singing ____________________ 3. What am you doing? ____are__________________________ 4. Mary is comeing back from Beijing._____coming______________________ 5. He often flying kites on Sundays. ______flies________________________ 6. They is reading books now. ______are_____________________ 7. My brother is plays the guitar now. ______playing_____________________ 8. Sally is danceing in the room. ____dancing_______________________ 9. I watching TV at home now. __ I'm watching TV at home now._____ 10. Do you listening the radio now? __Are___________________________ 四、 英汉互译
1. 他正在教室里做作业。
_He is doing homework in the classroom. 2. We are reading English now.
__我们正在读英语。_________________
3. Peter 和Billy 正在操场上（in the playground）打篮球。
__Peter and Billy are playing basketball in the playground.____ 4. Look ! A bird is flying in the sky.
__看，一只小鸟正在天空飞翔。 5. 公共汽车来了。
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_The bus is coming.________________
6. 刘先生经常在周日的时候（on Sundays）看英语书。
_Mr. Liu often reads English book on Sundays__ 7. He isn’t playing games. He is studying.
__他没在玩游戏，他在学习。___________ 8. 孩子们在摘（pick）苹果。
_Children are picking apples._______
9. That son of yours is always making troubles (捣乱).
_你的儿子总在捣乱。__ 10.你们正在做什么?
_What are you doing?
能力测试卷（现在进行时态）
一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式及现在分词形式
play __plays_ _playing_ sit __sits______ __sitting__ do __does___ __doing_ stop __stops__ _stopping_ put __puts___ __putting_ swim _swims_ _swimming__ skate _skates_ __skating_ dance _dances__ _dancing_ fly __flies_ __flying_ lie _lies__ _lying___ 二、用动词的适当形式填空
1. I am __watching__(watch) TV now.
2. He _is__ _playing_ (play) in the classroom now. 3. She often __dances___ (dance) after school. 4. My sister is _flying____ (fly) a kite in the park.
5. My parents(父母) _are swimming _ (swim) in the pond. 三、改错
1. I watching TV at home now. __ I am watching TV at home now. __ 2. My father is plays the piano. __ My father is playing the piano._ 3．He often flying kites on Sundays. ___ He often flies kites on Sundays. 4．They is reading books. ___ They are reading books. 5．She is dancing in the room. ___ (无错) 四、英汉互译
1．Billy正在教室里做作业。
_Billy is doing homework in the classroom.
2．My mother always cleans the house on Saturdays. _我妈妈总是在星期六清洁房子。_ 3. 你正在做什么？
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时态 具体句型 动词做谓语 句子构成 主语+be (am/is / are )+not+其他+. 主语+don’t/doesn’t +其他+. 主语+情态动词+not +动词原形+其他+. 主语+be动词(am /is /are)+现在分词+其他+. _What are you doing? 4. 他们没有踢足球，他一般现在时 实意动词做谓语 情态动词+实意动词 现在进行时 动词做谓语 们在打篮球。
_They aren’t playing football.They are playing basketball. 5. The bus is coming.
_公共汽车来了。____
第六章 句型
一、陈述句
定义：凡是说明一件事情，提出一个看法，或是表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈
述句，陈述句可以用肯定式和否定式。 肯定句变否定句
肯定句变否定句就是加not no 或表示否定的词
英语的句子重要取决于动词而动词又有时态的变化因此在不同的时态的句子中的位置不同
陈述句练习
把下列陈述句变成否定句。
1.My father watches TV every day .
My father _doesn’t_ _watch_ TV every day .
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2.Kate often does her homework at six .
Kate _doesn’t_ often _do_ her homework at six. 3.I go to school at seven .
I _don’t_ _go_ to school at seven . 4.She usually goes home by bus .
She _doesn’t_ usually _go_ home by bus . 5.They are good students . They _are_ _not___ good students . 6.He is clever . He _is_ _not_ clever .
7.He has some bread for breakfast every morning .
He _doesn’t_ _have_ any bread for breakfast every morning . 8.I often drink some tea in the afternoon .
I _don’t_ often _drink_ _any_ tea in the afternoon . 9.He has some eggs .
He _doesn’t_ _have_ _any_ eggs . 10.Kim likes his new bike .
Kim _doesn’t_ _like_ his new bike .
二、疑问句
疑问句是用来提出问题的，疑问句又包括：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反义疑问句和选择疑问句。
一、一般疑问句：
1.一般疑问句又可以叫做yes/no句型，需要用yes或no来回答。 2.一般疑问句的基本结构：
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be动词（am, is, are）+主语+表语？ have动词（表示“有”：have, has）+主语+宾语…？ 情态动词（can, may, must…）+主语+行为动词（或be）? 助动词(do, does)+主语+行为动词？ 助动词（shall, will, have, has…）+主语+行为动词（或be）? 3.变一般疑问句的方法：（一调，二变，三问号） 当句中有Be(am, is, are)动词的时候：
1、将Be(am, is, are)提前，放于句首（大写）；
2、将人称变换，第一人称变第二人称（I→you, we→you, my→your, our→your），第二人称变第一人称（you→I,you→we,your→my,your→our），第三人称不变（一变二，二变一，三不变） 3、在句尾加问号“？”
4、回答： 肯定： Yes , 主语+be. 否定： No, 主语+be+not. 当句中没有Be动词， 有情态动词的时候： 1、提前can, may，放于句首（大写）；
2、将人称变换，第一人称变第二人称（I→you,we→you,my→your,our→your），第二人称变第一人称（you→I,you→we,your→my,your→our），第三人称不变（一变二，二变一，三不变） 3、在句尾加问号“？”
4、回答： 肯定： Yes , 主语+can. 否定： No, 主语+can+not. 句中没有Be动词和情态动词can的时候：
1、在句首加Do或Does，当主语是第三人称单数的时候用Does，其它都用Do
2、将人称变换，第一人称变第二人称（I→you,we→you,my→your,our→your），第二人称变第一人称（you→I,you→we,your→my,your→our），第三人称不变（一变二，二变一，三不变） 3、在句尾加问号“？”
4、回答：肯定： Yes , 主语+do/does 否定： No, 主语+do/does+not. 其它在句中要变换的词有some→any, am→are 英语里只有三种人称.
第一人称：我,我们,(I),we 【me, us】 (我),我们
第二人称：你,你们,(you),you 【you ,you】 ( 你),你们 第三人称：他，她，它(he, she, it,) 【him, her ,it 】他们they【them】还有一些人名也算第三人称,比如Kangkang, Jane.像your father(你的爸爸)这也算第三人称. 第三人称单数指他(he) 她(she) 它(it)或者单个人名,第三人称复数是都用they 他们/她们/它们
此外，不可数名词在用法上也同于第三人称单数。
二、特殊疑问句：
以疑问代词what, who(whom), whose, which 或疑问副词when, where, how, why 放在句首提问的句子叫做特殊疑问句，答语只要针对问句中的疑问代词或疑问副词来回答，不用yes 或no。 1.疑问词 + 一般疑问句 （疑问词作宾语、表语、状语或定语）。 What do you want? 你要什么？
When do you have English class? 你们什么时候有英语课？ Whose coat is this? 这是谁的大衣？ How did he know it? 他是怎么知道它的？ Why did you say this? 你为什么要这么说？ Which is your umbrella? 哪个是你的雨伞？
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Where were these buses made? 这些巴士是哪儿制造的？
2.疑问代词作主语或作主语的定语时，词序与陈述句相同：疑问代词 （+名词）+谓语。 Who teaches your brother Japanese? 谁教你弟弟日语？ What is in the box on the table? 桌上那个盒子里装的是什么？ Whose handwriting is the best in your class? 你们班里谁的书法最好？ *疑问代词：who: 主语、宾语、表语、用来提问表示“人”的各种成分。 whose: 用来提问“谁的”。 which: 用来提问“哪一个/位”。 what: 提问表示“干什么”等意思 *疑问副词：when: 提问在何时。 where: 提问在何地
why: 提问表示原因的短语或句子 how: 提问表示程度或方式的副词或短语 *由疑问词how 构成的短语引导的问句
how old (表示年龄)多大了, how long（表示时间或物体的长短）有多长 , how many + 复数名词 表示多少 , how much + 不可数名词 表示多少 , how far （表示距离）多远
疑问句专项练习 按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词。 1. It’s a large room.(改为复数形式) __They__ _are_ large rooms. 2. He has to buy a dictionary for his daughter.(改为否定句) He _doesn’t_ __have_ to buy a dictionary for his daughter. 3. Uncle Wang likes making things. (改为否定句) Uncle Wang _doesn’t_ _like_ making things. 4. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday.(改写为一般疑问句) __Did_ Ann _return_ the book to the library yesterday?. 5. The hospital is about 300 meters away. (就划线部分提问) _How_ _far_ is the hospital ? 6.There are fifty-two students in our class. (就划线部分提问) _How_ _many_ students are there in your class? 7.I write to my mother once a week. (就划线部分提问) _How_ _often_ do you write to your mother ? 8.He has three pens. (就划线部分提问) _How_ _many_ pens does he have ? 9.She is ten years old. (就划线部分提问) __How_ _old_ is she? 10. They have a class meeting every other week. (改为否定句) They _don’t_ __have_ a class meeting every other week. 11.She has dinner with her grandparents once a week.（改为一般疑问句） _Does_ she __have_ dinner with her grandparents once a week?
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12.This kind of cold comes and goes very quickly.（改为一般疑问句） _Does_ this kind of cold _come_ and __go _ very quickly? 13.He spent a whole morning cleaning the room.（就划线部分提问） _How_ _long_ _does_ he _spent_ cleaning the room. 14. My brother has lunch at the school every day.（改为一般疑问句） _Does_ your brother _have_ lunch at the school every day? 15.Put the book on the desk.（否定句） _Don’t_ _put_ the book on the desk. 16.His bike was bought yesterday. （就划线部分提问） _Whose_ _bike was bought yesterday? 17.She does morning exercises every day. (否定句) She _doesn’t_ _do_ morning exercises every day. 18.My mother is very well.( 就划线部分提问) _How_ is your mother? 19.She has to stay at home.(改为一般疑问句) _Does_ she __have_ to stay at home. 20.Tom has lunch at school every day. (改为一般疑问句) ___Does_ Tom _have_ lunch at school every day.
三、祈使句
一、祈使句：用来表示下达命令、提出要求、建议和劝告的句子。说话的对象通常是第二人称
you ,习惯上常省略。祈使句的肯定句谓语动词用原形，否定句一般用don’t, never开始。 1．肯定祈使句
句型 1 ：动词 let + 第一、三人称宾格代词 + V.
例句：Let’s go to school. 让我们去上学吧。 Let me try. 让我试一试。 Let him come upstairs. 让他上楼吧。 句型 2：动词 + 其他部分 例句：Please open the door . 请开门。 Turn to page two. 请将书翻到第二页。 Listen to me. 请听我讲。 Stop talking.
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别说话。
二、否定祈使句 （一般在句首加 Don’t.）
1．Climb the tree ,please. 请爬树。 （肯定句） Don’t climb the tree! 不要爬树。 （否定句） 2．Open the door. 打开门。 （肯定句） Don’t open the door. 不要开门。 （否定句） 三、陈述句变祈使句
1．You can’t make faces in class. 你不能在课堂上做鬼脸。 Don’t make faces in class. 不要在课堂上做鬼脸。 2．You can’t read in bed. 你不要在床上看书。 Don’t read in bed. 不要在床上看书。
祈使句专项训练
连词成句并改写成否定句。 1．on \\ walk \\ the \\ grass
__Don’t walk on the grass.______________________ ________________________________________________ 2. ride \\ a \\ here \\ bike
___Don’t ride a bike here.___________________________ ________________________________________________ 二、 按要求改写下列句子
1．She likes playing basketball after school. (否定句) ___She doesn’t like playing basketball after school. _ 2. He did his homework yesterday evening. (一般疑问句) __Did he do his homework yesterday evening ?__ 3.Tom wrote a letter to his mother yesterday. (否定句) __ Tom didn’t write a letter to his mother yesterday.__ 4.My mother can make kites. (一般疑问句) __ Can your mother make kites?__________ 5. There are some dictionaries on the desk. (否定句) __ There are not any dictionaries on the desk. _
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四、there be与have\\has 句型
一. “There be” 句型
“There be +某 （些）人或物 + 某地（或某时）”是指“某地（时）存在某人 （或某物）”。谓语be 必须在数上和主语保持一致。如果主语中既有单数又有复数，be 的形式变化与它最近的主语相一致。 （一）结构
There be (is \\ are ) +某……
1) There is + ① 可数名词单数
② 不可数名词
2）There are + 可数名词复数 （二）用法
1. 肯定句： There is \\ are + _________.
2. 否定句：There is \\ are + not ____________
3. 一般疑问句：Is\\Are + there … ? Yes, there is \\are. （三）There be 句型中的 be 与离它最近的名词有关。
例， There is an apple and two pears on the table.
There are two pears and an apple on the table. 二、have \\has 句型
是指某人有某物 (表示所有、拥有关系)
I \\ We \\You \\ They \\ 人名（复数）\\事物（复数）+ have …He \\She\\ It \\ 人名（单数）\\ 事物（单数） + has …
句型专项练习题
一、 用“have , there be ” 的适当形式填空
1. He _has__ a lot of friends.
2. _There_ _are_ four seasons in a year. 3. She _has_ seven sons.
4. _Is_ _there_ any milk in the cup? 5. Beijing _has__ many universities. 6. We _have_ a lot of work to do.
7. _There_ _is_ a book and two pens on the table. 8. They _have_ many beautiful flowers.
9. _There_ _are_ three pencils and a ruler in the pencil-box. 10. My father _has_ a red car. 二、 用适当的词填空
1. He often _gets_ up _at_ six o’clock _in_ the morning. 2. What’s wrong _with_ your mother? 3. Mary can _fly_ a kite.
4. There _is_ an apple and three bananas in the bag. 三、选择填空
No, there is \\ are not. 25
1.There _____ two knives in the pencil – box .
A.are B.is C.be D.am
2.How many counties _____ in Europe ?
A. is it B.is there C.are they D.are there 3.Look ! There ____ some apples in that tree .
A. is B.are C.be D.am
4.There ____ some children playing on the playground .
A. is B.are C.has D.have
5.-Are there any fish in the lake now ?
-No . ____ any water in it in winter .
A. There isn’t B.There aren’t C.It isn’t D.They aren’ t 6.There ____ an apple tree near the river .
A. am B.are C.is D.be
7._____ there any good news in today’s newspaper ?
A. Are B.Is C.Have D.Has
8.There _____ a banana and ten pears in the basket .
A. are B.is C.has D.have
9.There _____ some oranges on the table .
A. are B.is C.am D.be
10.There ____ forty – sixty students in Class _____.
A. have , Three B.are , Three C.have , Third D.are , Third 11.There _____ a table with three legs in Jenny’s room .
A. is B.are C.has D.have
12.There _____ ten deer and a monkey in the photo .
A. is B.are C.be D.have
5. 在教室里有二十五名男生和三十名女生。
__ There are twenty-five boy students and thirty girl students in the classroom._ 6. 在杯里没有一些水。
___There isn’t any water in the cup. __ 7. 在你的书包里有一本故事书吗？
___Is there a story book in your schoolbag?_
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四、汉译英 语法综合练习题(一)
一、写出下列单词的复数形式 1.butterfly butterflies 7.watch watches 13. tomato tomatoes 2.sheep sheep 8.tooth teeth 14. child children 3.mouse mice 9.man men 15. potato potatoes 4.deer deer 10.goose geese 16.knife knives 5.monkey monkeys 11.leaf leaves 17. radio radios 6.box boxes 12.story stories 18.dress dresses 二、汉译英
1.Tony的手表 _Tony's watch 2.教师节__Teachers' Days 3.同学们的教室_students' classroom_ 4.弟弟的球_brother's ball_ 三、用适当的人称代词填空
1. This is _my_ (I) book, that is _hers_ (she). 2. These are _their_ (they) flowers.
3. _Her_ (she) brother is six, but _mine_ (I) is seven. 4. There are many apples in _your_ (you) bag. 四、用a, an填空
1. __an____ orange pencil 2. __an____ old woman 3. __a____baseball 4. __an____ hour 五、写出下列动词的单三及现在分词形式
1.get __gets______ _getting_ 2.read __reads_ _reading_ 3.skip _skips__ _skipping_ 4. listen _listens_ _listening_ 5. draw _draws_ _drawing_ 6. close _closes_ _closing_ 六、写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级 1.fat fatter fattest 4.good better best 2.nice nicer nicest 5.happy happier happiest 3.long longer longest 6.old older oldest 七、用适当介词填空
1. There are many pears __on___ the tree.
2. He often plays football _after_ school. 3. He goes __to__ school __on___ Sundays. 4. The birds are __in__ the tree.
5. There are two pictures __on__ the wall. 八、用动词的适当形式填空
1. My sister often __does__ her homework at home. ( do) 2. You must _go_ to bed now. (go ) 3. He is __singing__ in the room. (sing)
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4. Is she _cleaning_ the window now? (clean) 5. May I _open_ the door ?(open)
6. She is _ dancing_ in Room Two. (dance) 7. He often _gets__ up late on Sundays. (get)
8. My father usually _watches_ TV at night. (watch) 9. Mary can _read_ books by herself. (read) 10. Sam _is swimming_ in the pool. (swim) 九、按要求改写句子
1. This is a basketball. (改为复数句)
There are some basketballs.
2. She is my mother. (就划线部分提问)
Who is she?
3. There is an orange and four rulers on the table. (同义句)
There are four rulers and an orange on the table. 4. Tom plays soccer every day. (否定句)
Tom doesn't play scccer every day.
5. Can you swim? (否定句) ___________________________
You can't swim.
6. He is reading a book. He is in the classroom. (改写成一句话)
He is reading a book in the classroom.
十、改错。
1．He writing a letter in the room. _He is writing a letter in the room._ 2．She can swims in the river. _She can swim in the river. _ 3．He and I am good friends. _He and I are good friends._
4．Her father is plays the piano. _Her father is playing the piano._
5．There are three windows on the wall. _There are three windows on the wall. _ 6．The book is mine sister’s. _The book is my sister’s. _
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语法综合练习题(二)
一、用am, is ,are填空
1. This _is_ an interesting book. 2. I _am_ a clever boy.
3. You _are_ a good teacher. 4. She _is_ a policeman. 5. These _are_ their books.
6. He and I __are__ good friends.
二、用have, there be 的适当形式填空
1. I __have__ a computer, and my brother _has__ a TV. 2. __There_ _is__ an apple and two books on the desk. 3. __Is_ _there_ any milk in the glass? 4. _Are_ _there_ any sheep on the farm? 5. She doesn’t _have_ a sister.
6.He _has_ a red bag, but his brother doesn’t _have_ one. 三、根据要求转换句型
1.That is a red car. （变复数句子）
_Those are red cars.
2.She likes reading English books. （变否定句）
__She doesn't like reading English books.______________________________ 3. Mike has lunch at school. （变一般疑问句） __Does Mike have lunch at school?___________ 4. The dress is very beautiful. (变感叹句)
___How beautiful the dress is! ________________________________ 5. There are fifteen books on the desk. (划线部分提问) __How many books on the desk?_______________ 6. You can’t make faces in class. （变祈使句）
__Don't make faces in class!___________________________ 7. Put the book on the floor. （变否定句）
__Don't put the book on the floor._______________________________ 8. He has a beautiful bike. （变一般疑问句） __Does he have a beautiful bike?_ 9. She is a good girl. (变感叹句) __What a good girl she is!____
10. 他正在屋里唱歌。 （汉译英）
___He is singing in house._______________
11. He wrote a letter yesterday. （变一般疑问句） ___Did he write a letter yesterday?___________
12. She often watches TV after school. （变否定句）
___She dosen't often watch TV after school.____________________ 13. 他的钢笔比她的漂亮。（汉译英）
___His pen is more beautiful than hers._____________________
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语法综合练习题 （三）
一、写出下列单词的复数形式 （9分） 1.city cities 4. key keys 7. mouse mice 2.bus buses 5. English English 8. sheep sheep 3.tomato tomatoes 6. brush brushes 9. knife knives 二、写出下列单词的单数形式 （9分） 1.children child 4.butterflies butterfly 7.men man 2. leaves leafe 5. potatoes potato 8.feet foot 3.babies baby 6.glasses glass 9.monkeys monkey 三、写出下列动词的单数第三人称、过去式和现在分词形式 （10分） 动词 单数第三人称 现在分词 1. go goes going 2. write writes writing 3.do does doing 4.leave leaves leaving 5.buy buys buying 6.stop stops stopping 7.have has having 8.swim swims swimming 9.sing sings singing 10.know knows knowing 四、写出下列短语 （10分） 1．回家 go home 6．在家 at home 2．进来 come in 7．去上学 go to school 3．做作业 do homework 8．放风筝 fly a kite 4．步行 go on foot 9．准时 on time 5．起床 get up 10．及时 in time 五、用适当的介词填空（10分） 1. What’s wrong __with_ your father?
2. Look! There are many birds _in_ the tree. 3. Which is the best sport _in_ summer? 4.Do you know where she comes _from_?
5. How many people are there __in_ your family? 6. Don’t read _under_ the sun. 7. It’s time __to_ lunch.
8. It’s time _to__ go to school.
9. I often get up __at__ six __in__ the morning . 七、选择填空 （10分）
( ) 1. ________ book on the desk is ________ useful one. A. The , an B. A , a C. The, a ( ) 2. “Where is Mike ?” “I think he is in __________.”
A. Second room B. Room Two C. room second ( ) 3. Who runs __________ in your class?
A. fast B. faster C. fastest ( ) 4.Does he speak English __________ his brother? A. as good as B. as well as C. best than
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( ) 5. He _________ at 6:30 every morning.
A. often get up B. often gets up C. gets up often ( ) 6. Who is running ______,Lily or Lucy?
A. very slowly B. more slowly C. most slowly ( ) 7. _______ exciting the TV play is !
A. How B. What C. How an D. What an ( ) 8. “Oh, dear! ________ expensive it is!”
A. How B. What C. How a D. What a ( ) 9. There _______ a film next week.
A. will have B. is going to have C. is going to be ( ) 10. ________ he playing football now? A. am B. Is C. Dose D. Are 八、用动词的适当形式填空。（10分） 1. He is _reading_ (read) a book now.
2. My sister often _goes_ (go ) to school at 7: 00. 3. Mary can _ride_ (ride) a bike.
4. Did you _swim (swim) in a pool yesterday? 5. She _is singing_ (sing) now.
6. What __will_____ you __do___ (do) next Saturday? 7. Tom _didn't do_ (not do ) his homework yesterday. 8. Look. She _is dancing_ (dance) over there.
9. In China, spring__begins_ (begin) in February. 10. May I _ride__ (ride ) the bike? 九、改错 （5分）
1. There are some monkeies in the zoo. __monkeys_____ 2. The book is my. __mine_________
3. This is hers ruler. That is mine. __her_______
4. She don’t like reading English. __doesn't________ 5. Mary have a blue skirt. ____has___ 十、句型转换 （15分）
1. Mary often watches TV after school. (否定句) Mary doesn't often watch TV after school.
2. He wrote a letter yesterday evening. ( 一般疑问句) Did he write a letter yesterday evening? 3. “What is he doing?”
“ He _is flying_ (fly ) a kite.”
4. Tom has four bikes. (划线部分提问) How many bikes does Tom have?
5. My father is very well. (划线部分提问) How is your father?
6. There are some apples in the bag. (否定句)
There aren't any apples in the bag.
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是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。 介词：
介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。
介词的分类：
（1）表示时间，处所：从 自 自从 于 打 到 往 在 当 朝 向 顺着 沿着 随着 （2）表示方式：按 照 按照 依 依照 本着 经过 通过 根据 以 凭 （3）表示目的：为 为了 为着 （4）表示原因：因 由于 因为
（5）表示对象，范围：对 对于 把 向 跟 与 同 给 关于 （6）表示排除：除 除了 除去 除非 （7）表示被动：被 叫 让 给 （8）表示比较：比 和 同
上述介词中的“着，了，过”是语素，不是动态助词。
介词at, in, on的区别: 1. 表示时间，注意以下用法：
(1) 表示时间的某一点、某一时刻或年龄等用 at。如： I get up at six in the morning. 我早上六点钟起床。 He got married at the age of 25. 他 25 岁结婚。
(2) 泛指一般意义的上午、下午或晚上以及月或年等较长的时间，一般用 in。如：We watch TV in the evening. 我们晚上看电视。 He went to Japan in 1946. 他于 1946 去了日本。 (3) 若表示星期几或某一特定的日期，则用 on。如：
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He left here on the fifth of May. 他于 5 月 5 日离开这儿。
2. 表示地点、场所、位置等，注意以下用法： (1) 表示某一点位置，用 at。如：
We live at No 87 Beijing Road. 我们住在北京路 87 号。 The hospital is at the end of the street. 医院在这条街的尽头。 与名词所有格连用表示地点，也用 at。如：
at my sister’s 在我姐姐家 at the doctor’s 在医务室 (2) 表示空间或范围，用 in。如： What’s in the box? 这盒子里有什么?
He lives in Paris with his wife. 他同他妻子住在巴黎。 但有时两者可换用。如：
The meeting was held at [in] the hotel. 会议在宾馆举行。
(3) at 与 in 的另一个区别是：at 用于指较小的地方，而 in 用于指较大的地方。如： in Shanghai 在上海 at the station 在车站
但是，大与小是相对的，有时随着说话者的着眼点不同，大地方也可能用 at(比如把一个大地方看作一个点时)。如：
Our plane refuelled at London. 我们的飞机在伦敦加油。
We stopped for an hour at Moscow on our way to Paris. 我们在去巴黎的途中在莫斯科停了 1 个小时。
(4) 介词 on 用于地点，主要指在某物的表面。如： What’s on the table? 桌上有什么?
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There’s a wallet lying on the ground. 地上有个钱包。 注：在少数搭配中，也用介词 on。如： He works on a farm. 他在农场工作。
3. 在某些搭配中，三者的区别与英国英语和美国英语有关： in the street (英) / on the street (美) 在街上 in the road (英) / on the road (美) 在路上 in the team (英) / on the team (美) 在这个队 at the weekend (英) / on the weekend (美) 在周末 at weekends (英) / on weekends (美) 在周末 4. 有时三者的差别与搭配习惯和用法有关： in bed / on the bed 在床上
in the tree (多指树外之物) / on the tree (多指树本身之物) 在树上 介词besides,but,except的用法区别：
1. 三者都可表示“除外”，但 besides 表示一种累加关系，意指“除了什么之外，还有……”； 而 except 或 but 则表示一种排除关系，意指“除了什么之外，不再有……”。如：
Besides his wife，his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外，他女儿也去看过他(即妻子女儿都去看过他)。
Nobody went to see him except [but] his wife. 除他妻子外，没有一个人看过他(即只有他妻子去看过他)。
注：在否定句中，besides 也表示“除……之外不再有…… ”，与but, except 同义。如： No one passed the exam besides [except] Jim. 除吉姆外，没一个人通过考试。
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2. 关于 but 与 except：
(1) 两者都可表示“除……外不再有……”，但含义上略有差别：
but侧重指意义的几乎完整性，而 except 则侧重指后面除去的部分。比较： All are here but one. 除一个人都到了。 All are here except one. 还有一个人没到。
(2) 在现代英语中，but 的介词用法十分有限，一般说来，它只能用在下列词语之后： ① no, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere 等 ② any, anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere 等
③ every, everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere 等 ④ all, none 等
⑤ who, what, where 等
Everyone knows it but you. 除你之外大家都知道。
I haven’t told anybody but you. 除你之外，我没告诉任何人。
No one but he [him] showed much interest in it. 除他之外没有一个人对此有很大兴趣。 一般说来，若没有出现上述词汇，就不宜使用介词 but，否则可能造成错句。但是 except 却没有以上限制。比较：
正：The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏天外，这扇窗户从不打开。 误：The window is never opened but in summer. (3) but 一定不能用于句首，except 通常不用于句首： 除我之外每个人都累了。
正：Everyone is tired but (except) me.
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正：Everyone but (except) me is tired. 误：But (Except) me, everyone is tired.
注：except for 可用于句首，表示 except 的意思： 正：Except for me, everyone is tired.
3. 关于 except 与 except for：
except 主要用来谈论同类的东西，而 except for 则主要用来谈论不同类的东西，有时含有惋惜之意。如：
All compositions are well written except yours. 除了你的作文外，其他的作文都写得很好。 His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 他的作文写得不错，只是有几处拼写错误。
注：若用于句首，则 except for 与 except 同义(但 except 通常不用于句首)。
4. 关于 except for 与 but for：
except for 主要表示排除，but for 主要表示一种虚拟条件(与虚拟语气连用)。如： Except for me, everyone passed the exam. 除了我之外，大家都通过了考试。
But for my help, she would not have passed the exam. 若不是我的帮助，她就不会通过考试。 But for the atmosphere plants would die. 如果没有大气，植物就会死亡。
5. besides 除用作介词外，还用作副词，其意为“此外”、“而且”，可用于分句句首(通常用逗号隔开)或句尾。如：
I don’t want to go; besides, I’m too tired. 我不想去，而且我也太累了。
This car belongs to Smith, and he has two others besides. 这部车是史密斯的，此外他还有两部。
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介词的用法口诀：
早、午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、点与分。
年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。 将来时态in。。。以后，小处at大处in。 有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in。 特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in。 介词at和to表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。 日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚， 收音、农场、值日on，关于、基础、靠、着论。 着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准。 特定时日和“一……就”，on后常接动名词。 年、月、日加早、午、晚，of之前on代in。 步行、驴、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage则用in。 at山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。 工具、和、同随with，具有、独立、就、原因。 就……来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。 海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数、人类knowtoman。 this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。 接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。 over、under正上下，above、below则不然， 若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。‘ beyond超出、无、不能，against靠着，对与反。
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besides，except分内外，among之内along沿。 同类比较except，加for异类记心间。 原状becauseof，、owingto、dueto表语形容词 under后接修、建中，of、from物、化分。 before、after表一点，ago、later表一段。 before能接完成时，ago过去极有限。 since以来during间，since时态多变换。 与之相比beside，除了lastbutone。
复不定for、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。快到、对、向towards，工、学、军、城、北、上、南。 butfor否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言。 ing型由于鉴，除了除外与包合。
之后、关于、在。。。。。。方面，有关介词须记全。 in内to外表位置，山、水、国界to在前。
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