在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。
(一) 什么是一般现在时?一般现在时的基本用法有哪些呢? 【一般现在时的功能】
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
标志词(时间状语): always, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday uauslly often,never,hardly.......... 3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
(二)哪些主语是第三人称单数? 现归纳总结如下: 一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如: He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。
She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。 It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。
二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。如: ①Tom looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。 ②Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。
③Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。
三、单数可数名词或\"this / that / the+单数可数名词\"作主语时,是第三人称单。如:
①A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。 ②This book is yours. 这本书是你的。 ③That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的。 ④The cat is Lucy's. 这只猫是露茜的。
四、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: ①Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。
②There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。 ③This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。
④That is an eraser. 那是一块橡皮擦。
五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如: ①The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 ②The bread is very small. 那面包很小。
六、当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数。如: ①\"6\" is a lucky number. \"6\"是个吉利数字。 ②\"I\" is a letter. \"I\"是个字母。 PS:除上述规律外,还应注意下面三点:
1. 动词 have ,遇到主语是第三人称单数时,要用 has; 动词be 的第三人称单数形式是is。
2. 含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子变否定句时,要用 doesn't + 动词原形,如: He goes to school at six in the morning. (变否定句)→ He doesn't go to school at six in the morning.
3. 对含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子提问时,要用助动词does,如: She goes home at five every day. (对划线部分提问)→ When / What time does she go home every day?
(三)一般现在时------动词第三人称单数形式构成规则(一般现在时中主语时第三人称
1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”如:
①stop-stops make-makes read-reads play-plays 2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后在加“es”;以元音字母加“y”结尾的,直接加“S” 如:
fly-flies carry-carries study-studies worry-worries
3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的,在词尾加“es”,发音为如: teach-teaches watch-watches 4、以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”,如: go-goes do-does
5、以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词,加“s” 如: close-closes [iz] 6、特殊: 1. be动词包括:am, is, are。第三人称单数用 is;过去式为 was;复数用are,○
过去式为were.
2. 动词 have ,遇到主语是第三人称单数时,要用 has; 动词 be 的第三人称单○
数形式is。
(四)巩固练习题:
一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式:
sit-- guess-- die-- go--
rush-- reach-- touch-- brush--
fly-- copy-- say-- run--
do-- fix-- live-- cry-- enjoy-- have-- wish-- play--
tie-- teach-- buy-- study-- drink-- go-- stay-- make--
look-- carry-- come-- watch-- plant-- fly -- do--
二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One. 3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______(have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _______(do) your homework well. 15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term. 20. -What day _______(be) it today? - It’s Saturday
三、观察下面两组句子,注意区分do和does,don’t和doesn’t。
I go to school every day. I don't go to school every day. He goes to school every day. He doesn't go to school every day. Do you go to school every day? Yes, I do. (No, I don't)
Does he go to school every day? Yes, he does. (No, he doesn't) 注:
(1)肯定句变否定句,第三人称单数把 does变doesn’t (does not),其余把do变don’t(do not),后面跟动词原形.(一请一还原)
(2)变为一般疑问句,要在句首加\"do\" 或does ,这取决于主语是否第三人称单数。
课堂练习:把下列句子改成一般疑问句和否定句。
1.I usually get up at six o’clock.(并作肯定回答)
2. We usually write e-mails on Saturday evening.(并作否定回答) .
3. They have the same hobby.(并作肯定回答) .
and Su yang like listening to music after school.(并作否定回答)
usually watches TV in the evening.(并作肯定回答)
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