1. Translate
1) into Chinese
(1) 专业的历史工作者
(2) 基于常识的反应
(3) 事物的这种状况
(4) 意见不一的历史学家
(5) 已经准备好了的现成的东西
(6) 一个个人喜好不同的问题
(7) 截然不同的观点
(8) 民间故事
(9) 书面文件
(10) 过去的遗留物
(11) 人的动机和行为
(12) 复杂和精细
(13) 商船
(14) 一旦发生潜艇战
(15) 一个粗糙的理论
(16) 好战的行为；战争行为
(17) 宣传机器
(18) 德国外交部长
(19) 实力平衡
(20) （事物的）因果
(21) 海岸炮兵
(22) 终极关怀
(23) （事物的）近因
(24) 人们常说的一句话
(25) 不会出错的解释
(26) 绝对有效的模式
(27) 永不停止的探索
(28) 一个难以达到但又十分诱人的目标
2）into English
(1) to gain new insights
(2) to revise one’s ideas
(3) to trace the cause
(4) to begin from this premise
(5) to open fire on/at
(6) to give equal weight to sth
(7) to support a certain view
(8) to influence the government
(9) to destroy the balance of power
(10) to form an alliance
(11) to repay the loans
(12) to contemplate war
(13) to fill in the gaps
(14) to conclude the quest
(15) to view sth from a certain perspective
(16) to benefit from the comparison
(17) to eliminate from the comparison
(18) to dig into the problem
(19) to be immersed in a vast sea
(20) to stem from a different point of view
(21) to be destined to do sth
(22) to ignore the fact
(23) to make an assumption
(24) to defeat the enemy
(25) to win back one’s lost territory
(26) to sink a boat
(27) to intercept the secret message
(28) to piece together evidence
(29) to approximate the truth
(30) to master new techniques
2. Give synonyms and antonyms of the following.
1) synonyms
(1) elusive : puzzling, baffling
(2) intriguing: fascinating
(3) evident: clear, plain, obvious, noticeable
(4) ultimate: final, last
(5) to revise: to correct, to change, to alter, to modify, to rewrite
(6) to probe: to dig into, to investigate, to look into
(7) belligerent: warlike, warring, aggressive, hostile
(8) in addition to: besides, apart from, plus
(9) in the event of: in the case of, should sth occur
(10) nonetheless: nevertheless, in spite of that, just the same
(11) to conclude ( the quest) : to end (the search / probing)
(12) to denote: to refer to
(13) persuasively: convincingly
(14) more or less: on the whole, generally speaking
(15) moreover: in addition, besides, apart from that, what’s more
(16) by way of: through
2) antonyms
(1) to be faulted: to be praised
(2) exhilarating: depressing
(3) unquestioned: doubtful
(4) validity: unsoundness, weakness
(5) premise: conclusion
(6) motivation: effect
(7) proportionate: disproportionate
(8) pro-British: anti-British
(9) to take into account: to ignore
(10) crude (theory): a well-developed (theory), a sophisticated (theory)
(11) confused: clear, clear-minded
(12) professional: non-professional, amateurish
3. Replace the words in bold type with words and phrases you know that convey more or less the same meaning.
1) simple/primitive; told; thick
2) pondering/thinking about; future/fate; insignificant
3) completely/entirely; different/opposite
4) consider/regard; look at; angles/points of view
5) knows very well; growing/increasing; complaints
6) besides/apart from; easy; in the case of/if there is
7) purposely paid no attention to
8) generally/on the whole; however/but; come from/originate from
9) absolutely reliable; wipe out/get rid of; bound to
4. Translate
1) The cause of the aircraft crash is so far unknown.
2) The cause of global warming is still hotly debated among scientists.
3) He devoted all his life to the cause of environmental protection.
4) The river has caused us a lot of trouble in history.
5) What do you think caused the upsurge in international terrorism?
6) We must try and unite with those who have opposed us.
7) There is always opposition to any progress and reform.
8) Some people are always opposed to new things.
9) A lot of those loans were never repaid. That high ratio of bad debts finally led to the financial crisis in this second economic power in the world.
10) The Business Bank now offers a special loan to students who can’t pay for their education.
11) The boy asked Mrs. Stow for the loan of her binoculars.
12) She concluded her speech by saying that she hoped she could come again some day and see more of the country.
13) As soon as they concluded the investigation, they were to report to the
Security Council.
14) During his visit, he will conclude a new trade agreement with India.
15) Based on those reasonable doubts, the jury had to conclude that the boy was not guilty.
16) She is flying to New York by way of Tokyo.
17) I’d like to say a few words about the situation in the sixties of the last century by way of an introduction to the movie.
18) They decided to recall their ambassador by way of protest.
5. Put the most appropriate words in the blanks.
1) while/although; to
2) over/about; with
3) to; in
4) led to/resulted in/caused
5) with; lends/gives/brings
6) from; in
7) as to; of
8) in the even of; survive
9) to; to; study
10) out; in
11) in; weight/priority
12) denote; of
13) immersed/buried; more or less
14) rather; the more
15) at; stems from/comes from/originates from/results from
16) base; filled in
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