ASTM B767-1988(2010)

StandardGuidefor

DeterminingMassPerUnitAreaofElectrodepositedandRelatedCoatingsbyGravimetricandOtherChemicalAnalysisProcedures1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationB767;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(´)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.

1.Scope

1.1Thisguideoutlinesageneralmethodfordeterminingthemassperunitareaofelectrodeposited,electroless,mechanically-deposited,vacuum-deposited,anodicoxide,andchemicalconversioncoatingsbygravimetricandotherchemi-calanalysisprocedures.

1.2Thisguidedeterminestheaveragemassperunitareaoverameasuredarea.

1.3Thestrippingmethodscitedaredescribedinspecifica-tionsorintheopenliteratureorhavebeenusedroutinelybyatleastonelaboratory.

1.4Theproceduresoutlinedcanbeusedformanycoating-substratecombinations.Theycannotbeusedwherethecoatingcannotbeseparatedfromthesubstratebychemicalorphysicalmeansaswouldbethecaseifwhitebrasswereplatedwithyellowbrass.

1.5Inprinciple,theseprocedurescanbeusedtomeasureverythincoatingsortomeasurecoatingsoversmallareas,butnotthincoatingsoversmallareas.Thelimitsdependontherequiredaccuracy.Forexample,2.5mg/cm2ofcoatingmightrequire2.5mgofcoatingcovering1cm2,but0.1mg/cm2ofcoatingwouldrequire25cm2toobtain2.5mgofcoating.1.6ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthisstandard.

1.7Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappro-priatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplica-bilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.

2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStandards:2A90/A90MTestMethodforWeight[Mass]ofCoatingonIronandSteelArticleswithZincorZinc-AlloyCoatingsA309TestMethodforWeightandCompositionofCoatingonTerneSheetbytheTriple-SpotTest

A428/A428MTestMethodforWeight[Mass]ofCoatingonAluminum-CoatedIronorSteelArticles

B137TestMethodforMeasurementofCoatingMassPerUnitAreaonAnodicallyCoatedAluminumB449SpecificationforChromatesonAluminum2.2BritishStandardsInstitutionDocuments:3BS729HotDipGalvanizedCoatingsonIronandSteelArticles,Specificationfor

BS1706ElectroplatedCoatingsofCadmiumandZinconIronandSteel,Specificationfor

BS1872ElectroplatedCoatingsofTin,SpecificationforBS3189PhosphateTreatmentofIronandSteel,Specifica-tionfor

BS3382ElectroplatedCoatingsonThreadedComponents,Specificationfor

BS3597ElectroplatedCoatingsof65/35Tin-NickelAlloy,Specificationfor

2.3GovernmentStandards:2.3.1DODStandard:4DOD-P-16232FPhosphateCoatings,Heavy,ManganeseorZincBase(forFerrousMetals)2.3.2FederalStandards:5FED-STD151bMetals;TestMethods:Test513.1forWeightofCoatingonHotDipTinPlateandElectrolyticTinPlate

ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandardsvolumeinformation,refertothestandard’sDocumentSummarypageontheASTMwebsite.3AvailablefromBritishStandardsInstitute(BSI),389ChiswickHighRd.,LondonW44AL,U.K.4AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,DODSSP,Bldg.4,SectionD,700RobbinsAve.,Philadelphia,PA19111-5098.5AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,732N.CapitolSt.,NW,MailStop:SDE,Washington,DC20401.

2ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeB08onMetallicandInorganicCoatingsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeB08.10onTestMethods.

CurrenteditionapprovedNov.1,2010.PublishedNovember2010.Originallyapprovedin1987.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2006asB767–88(2006).DOI:10.1520/B0767-88R10.

1Copyright©ASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959,UnitedStates.

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B767–88(2010)

RR-T-51DTablewareandFlatware—Silverplated2.3.3MilitaryStandard:4MIL-M-45202CMagnesiumAlloys,AnodicTreatmentof2.4ISOStandards:6ISO2081MetallicCoatings—ElectroplatedCoatingsofZinconIronorSteel

ISO2082MetallicCoatings—ElectroplatedCoatingsonCadmiumonIronorSteel

ISO2093MetallicCoatings—ElectrodepositedCoatingsofTin,AnnexB

ISO2106AnodizingofAluminumanditsAlloys—DeterminationofMassPerUnitArea(SurfaceDensity)ofAnodicOxideCoatings—GravimetricMethod

ISO3892ConversionCoatingsonMetallicMaterials—DeterminationofCoatingMassPerUnitArea—GravimetricMethods

ISO4522/1MetallicCoatings—TestMethodsforElec-trodepositedSilverandSilverAlloyCoatings—Part1:DeterminationofCoatingThickness

ISO4524/1MetallicCoatings—TestMethodsforElec-trodepositedGoldandGoldAlloyCoatings—Part1:DeterminationofCoatingThickness

3.SummaryofGuide

3.1Themassofacoatingoverameasuredareaisdeter-minedbythefollowing:

3.1.1Weighingthetestspecimenbeforeandafterdissolvingthecoatinginareagentthatdoesnotattackthesubstrate.3.1.2Weighingthecoatingafterdissolvingthesubstrateinareagentthatdoesnotattackthecoating,or

3.1.3Dissolvingboththecoatingandthesubstrateandquantitativelyanalyzingtheresultingsolution.

3.2Themassperunitareaiscalculatedfromthemassandareameasurements,thethicknessfromthemass,area,anddensityofthecoatingmaterials.

4.SignificanceandUse

4.1Thethicknessofacoatingiscriticaltoitsperformanceandisspecifiedinmanyspecificationscallingforcoatings.4.2Theseproceduresareusedforacceptancetestingandappearinafewspecifications.

4.3Coatingthicknessinstrumentsareoftencalibratedwiththicknessstandardsthatarebasedonmassandareameasure-ments.

4.4Theaveragethicknessofacoatingonthemeasuredareacanbecalculatedfromitsmassperunitareaonlyifthedensityofthecoatingmaterialisknown.

5.Apparatus

5.1Inadditiontonormalchemicallaboratoryequipmentforhandlingsmallamountsofcorrosiveandtoxicchemicals,anaccuraterulerorverniercaliperandagoodbalancearerequired.SeeSections7and8.

6.SpecimenPreparation

6.1Size—Thespecimenmustbelargeenoughtopermitareaandmassmeasurementofadequateaccuracy.(SeeSection7and8.2.)

6.2Shape—Theshapeofthetestspecimenmustbesuchthatthesurfaceareacanbeeasilymeasured.Arectangularorcirculartestspecimenisusuallysuitable.

6.3EdgeCondition—Iftheareatobemeasuredissmallandneedstobeknownaccurately,theedgesmustbedressedtoremovesmearedcoating,toremovelooseburrs,andtoprovidewell-definedand(forrectangles)straightedges.Thisshouldbeconsideredforareaslessthan100mm2.Onemethodofdressingtheedgesofarectangularspecimenistoclampthespecimenbetweentwoplasticormetalblockswiththeedgeofthespecimenflushwiththeedgesoftheblocksandthentogrindandpolishtheedgesmetallographically.

6.4HeatTreatment—Ifthesubstrateistobedissolvedleavingthecoatingintact,itisdesirabletofirstheat-treatthetestspecimensothatthecoatingwillnotcurluptightlyorfallapart.Somegolddepositsof1.5mg/cm2willfallapartwhentheirsubstratesaredissolved,butafterheattreatmentat120°Cfor3hwillsupportthemselves.Ifthethicknessofacoating(insteadofitsmassperunitarea)isbeingdetermined,oneshouldnotuseaheattreatmentthatmightchangethedensityofthecoatingmaterial.

7.MeasurementofCoatedArea:

7.1MeasurementMethod—Theaccuracyoftheareamea-surementmustbebetterthanthedesiredaccuracyofthemassperunitareameasurement.Hencethemethodofmeasuringtheareawilldependonthedesiredaccuracyandthespecimensize.

7.2Equipment—Theareacanbemeasuredwithaplanime-ter,butitisusuallydeterminedbylinearmeasurements.Oftenamicrometerorverniercaliperisused.Forlargeareas,however,arulermaydo.Formaximumaccuracy,ameasuringmicroscopeisused.

7.3NumberofMeasurements—Becausecircularorrectan-gularspecimenswillnotbeperfectlycircularorrectangular,itisdesirabletomeasureeachdimensioninthreeplaces.Forarectangle,onewouldmeasurethelengthofeachedgeandthelengthandwidththroughthecenterandobtainanaverageforeachdimension.

NOTE1—Inthecaseofacylinderonewouldnormallymeasurethediameterandlength.Inonespecificationforgalvanizedwire(fencing),thelengthofthewirespecimenisnotmeasured,butineffectiscalculatedfromthemass(whichismeasuredanyway),theradius,andthedensityofthesteelsubstrate.(l=m/pr2D)

AvailablefromAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute(ANSI),25W.43rdSt.,4thFloor,NewYork,NY10036.

68.GravimetricDeterminationofMassofCoating:

8.1SpecimenSize—Theaccuracyofthemassmeasurementmustbebetterthanthedesiredaccuracyofthemassperunitareameasurement.Hence,thetestspecimenmustbelargeenoughthatthecoatingcanbeweighedwiththedesiredaccuracy.

8.2Equipment—Abalanceisrequired,buttherequiredsensitivityofthebalancedependsonthesizeofthetestspecimen,thecoatingthickness(coatingmass),andthere-quiredaccuracyofthemeasurement.Abalancethatweighsto

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B767–88(2010)

0.01gissometimessatisfactory,thoughagoodanalyticalbalanceweighingto0.0001gismoreversatile.Amicrobalanceisrequiredforsmallspecimensofthincoatings,butitislimitedtosmallsamples.

9.Procedure

9.1Themassofcoatingmaybedetermined:(1)byweigh-ingthetestspecimenbeforeandafterdissolvingthecoating(seeAnnexA1)andtakingthedifference,or(2)bydissolvingthesubstrate(seeAnnexA1)andweighingthecoatingdirectly.9.1.1ByDifference—Thetestspecimenisfirstcleanedofanyforeignmaterialandfinallyrinsedwithalcohol,blowndrywithcleanair,andweighed.Thespecimenisimmersedintheappropriatereagent(seeAnnexA1)todissolvethecoating,rinsedwithwater,rinsedwithalcohol,blowndrywithcleanair,andweighedagain.Thelossofmassisthemassofthecoating.Todetermineiftherewasanydissolutionofthesubstrate,repeattheprocesswiththestrippedsubstratemakingsurethatitisinthereagentjustaslongasbefore.Anylossofmassenablesonetomakeajudgmentofapossibleerrorduetoanydissolutionofthesubstratewiththecoatingduringthestrippingprocess.

9.1.2ByDirectWeighing—Thesubstrateisdissolvedintheappropriatereagent(seeAnnexA1).Thecoatingisrinsedwithwater,rinsedwithalcohol,blowndrywithcleanair,andweighed.Todetermineiftherewasanydissolutionofthecoating,submittheisolatedcoatingtothesamestrippingprocessmakingsurethatthecoatingisinthestrippingreagentforthesamelengthoftimeasitwasduringthestrippingprocess.Anylossofmassenablesonetomakeajudgmentofapossibleerrorduetoanydissolutionofthecoatingwiththesubstrateduringthestrippingprocess.

NOTE2—Thetestproceduregivenattheendof9.1.1and9.1.2should

beconductedtoevaluateagravimetricmethodthefirsttimeitisused.

9.2DeterminationofMassofCoatingbyChemicalAnalysis—Thismethodisbynatureverygeneral.Boththecoatingandsubstratearedissolvedinasuitablereagentandthentheresultingsolutionisanalyzedforthecoatingmaterial.Foreachcoating-substrate-reagentcombination,therearesev-eralanalyticalmethods.ForpossibleanalyticalmethodsseeVolumes03.05and03.06oftheAnnualBookofASTMStandards.

10.Calculation

10.1Calculatethemassperunitareaasfollows:

Massperunitarea5m/A~mg/cm2!

(1)

where:

m=massofcoating(mg),andA=areacoveredbycoating(cm2)

10.2Calculatethethicknessasfollows:

Thickness5103M/D~µm!

(2)

where:

M=massperunitarea(mg/cm2),andD=density(g/cm3).

NOTE3—Thedensityofacoatingmetalisusuallynotthesameasthehandbookvalueorthetheoreticalvalue.Forexample,thedensityofelectrodepositedgoldisgenerallylessthan19.3g/cm3andsometimesasloworlowerthan17g/cm3.ThedensitiesofsomeelectrodepositedmetalsaregivenbyW.H.Safranek.7PrintedinThePropertiesofElectrodepositedMetalsandAlloys,SecondEdition,AmericanElectroplaters’andSurfaceFinishersSociety,1986.

7ANNEX

(MandatoryInformation)

A1.REAGENTSFORSELECTIVEDISSOLUTIONOFMETALLAYERS

NOTEA1.1—Thespecificissuesofstandardsarecitedinthistableandincludedintheliteratureasreferencesbecausetheycontaintheinforma-tionfromwhichthistableisbased.

possibilityshouldbetestedforassuggestedin9.1.1,and9.1.2.A1.2Dissolutioniscarriedoutatroomtemperatureunlessotherwiseindicated.Alltestpiecesarerinsedanddried(see9.1.1and9.1.2)beforeweighing.

A1.1WithmanyofthereagentsgiveninTableA1.1,theremaybesomedissolutionofthelayerotherthantheonebeingstripped.Oftenthedissolutionisnotsignificant,butthe

TABLEA1.1Reagents

Coatingaluminum

Substratesteel

Reagents

(1)20partsbymassNaOH,80partswater

(2)concentratedHCl(spgr1.19)

Remarks—Sources

Immerseafewmin(avoidlongertime)atabout90°C.Whilerinsing,scrubwithaspongetoremoveloosematerial.Drainoffwater,immerse3sinconcentratedHClatroomtemperature,scrubagaininrunningwater,andrepeatentireprocessuntilthereisnovisiblereactionintheHCl.Twoorthreecyclesarerequirednormally.Amoredetaileddescriptionisgiveninthe1981issueofTestMethodA428/A428M.

Mixequalvolumeof(1)and(2),immerseuntilevolutionofhydrogenstops,about1–4min.

Keepbelow38°C,rinseandscrubwithsoftcloth.

aluminumsteel(1)200gSbCl3in1LconcentratedHCl(2)100gSnCl2.2H2Oin1Lconcentrated

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Coating

Substrate

Reagents

HClplusafewgranulesoftin

anodizedaluminum

aluminum

35mL85%phosphoricacidplus20g/LCrO3300g/LCrO3Remarks—Sources

ThistestprocedureappearsinRef(1)andinthe1981issueofTestMethodA428/A428M.AImmerse5minat100°C,rinse,dry,weigh.Repeatcycleuntilweightisconstant.

Thisprocedureappearsinthe1945issueofTestMethodB137andthe1982issueofISOStandard2106.

Immerseatroomtemperature,rinse,dry,weigh,andrepeatuntilweightlossislessthan3.9mg/dm2.Keeppieceofcommerciallypurealuminuminsolutionbutnotincontactwithmagnesium.

ThisprocedureappearsinMilitaryStandardMIL-M-45202C.Immerseatroomtemperaturewithmildagitation.

anodizedmagnesium(HAE)

magnesium

brasscadmium

steelsteel

cadmium

cadmiumchromate

chromate(aged)

chromate(fresh)

chromate

chromiumcopper

coppercoppergold

lead-tinalloysnickel

nickelnickel

nickel

nickelornickelovercopper

Immerse.

Thisprocedureappearsinthe1961issueofBritishStandard3382andthe1986issueofISOStandard2082.

Immerseuntilevolutionofgaspracticallystops.(2)steel20gSb2O3in1LconcentratedHClor20g

Thisprocedureappearsinthe1960issueofBritishStandard1706,Sb2O3in800mLconcentratedHCl+200

mLwaterAppendixB.

steel5%(NH4)S2O8plus10%byvolumeofImmersion.(2)Thisprocedureappearsinthe1986issueofISO

concentratedNH4OHsolutionStandard2082.

aluminum(1)NaNO2ImmerseinmoltenNaNOat326to354°Cfor2min,rinseincoldwater,

(2)1partbyvolumewaterand1partimmersein(2)for30satroomtemperature.

Thisprocedureappearsinthe1967issueofSpecificationB449.concentratedHNO3Immersein(1)for2to5minat370to500°C(Somecoatingsmayrequirealuminumandits(1)98%NaNO32%NaOHthehighertemp.)Rinseinwater,immersein(2)for15to30satroomalloys

temperature.

(2)1partbyvolume65to70%(m/m)HNO3Thisprocedureappearsinthe1980issueofISOStandard3892.1partwaterConversionCoatingsonMetallicMaterials—DeterminationofCoatingMass

perUnitArea—GravimetricMethods

aluminumand1partbyvolumewaterand1part65to70%Immerse1minatroomtemperaturewithin3hofapplicationofcoating.

Thisprocedureappearsinthe1980issueofISOStandard3892,itsalloys(m/m)HNO3ConversionCoatingsonMetallicMaterials—DeterminationofCoatingMassperUnitArea—GravimetricMethods

cadmiumorzinc50g/LNaCNorKCNDissolvecathodicallyat15A/dm2atroomtemperature.

5g/LNaOHThisprocedureappearsinthe1980issueofISOStandard3892,

ConversionCoatingsonMetallicMaterials—DeterminationofCoatingMassperUnitArea—GravimetricMethods

nickelorsteel12g/LNaOHChromiumdissolvesanodicallyatabout20mA/cm2.(3)nickel(1)dissolve200gNa2Sin3/4Lwater,heatImmersein(1).

toboilingwith20gS,diluteto1L.Whencopperbecomesblackcoppersulfideandbeginstopeeloff,rinse

andimmersein20%NaCNtodissolvecoppersulfide.(4)

(2)20%NaCN

Dissolvesabout1.2µm/min.(3,5)nickelorsteel500g/LCrO350g/LH2SO4zincalloys1partconcentratedHCl+4partswaterDissolveszincalloysubstrate.Coolinitialreactiontopreventdissolutionof

copper.(4)

1partbyvolumewater,1partconcentratedSubstrateisdissolvedbyimmersion.Heatasrequired.Keepfreeofsteel,copper,

HNO3halides.Nickelmaypassivate:makecontactwithnickelwiretoincreasenickel,orFe-areaofthenickel.Thisprocedureappearsinthe1985issueofISONi-Co

Standard4524/1.

steelSeeterneplate.brass90%H3PO4Immerseat180to190°C,donotaddwater.2.5µmnickeldissolvesin

about10min.

Thisprocedureappearsinthe1965issueofBritishStandard3382,Parts3and4:AppendixF.

Dissolvesbrasssubstratebyimmersionatroomtemperaturewithmildbrass500g/LCrO3agitation.50g/LH2SO4Attackofsteelisinsignificant.TransferquicklytoCrO3toremoveHNO3,steel(1)fumingHNO3withmildagitationor

(2)1partfuming1partconcentratedHNO3thenrinsewithwater.Nidissolvesmorerapidlyin(2).(3,6)(3)10%CrO3steel(1)sodiummeta-nitrobenzenesulphonateImmersein(1)or(2)at75to85°C7µmnickeldissolvesinabout30min

65ganddissolvescopperundercoat.NaOH10gSeeBritishStandard3382,Parts3and4:1965:AppendixF.NaCN100gwaterto1L

(2)sodiumnitrobenzoicacid65gNaOH20gNaCN100gwaterto1L

zincalloys1partconcentratedHCL+4partswaterDissolveszincalloysubstrate.Coolinitialreactiontopreventdissolutionof

copper.Checkfordissolutionofnickel.Toremovecopperfromnickel,seecopperonnickel.(4)aluminumandits1partbyvolumewaterand1part65to70%alloys(m/m)HNO3Immerse1minatroomtemperature.Thisprocedureappearsinthe1980

issueofISOStandard3892,ConversionCoatingsonMetallicMaterials—DeterminationofCoatingMassperUnitArea—GravimetricMethods

500g/LCrO350g/LH2SO4300g/LNH4NO3phosphate(amor-phous)

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Coating

phosphate(crystal-line)

Substrate

Reagents

Remarks—Sources

aluminumandits65to70%(m/m)HNO3alloys

phosphatecadmiumorzinc

phosphatesteel

phosphate(man-ganese,zinc,orironbase)

steel

phosphate(zincbase)steel

phosphate(zincbase)steel

silversilver

nickelbrasscopperalloys

silversilver

nickelandsteelcorrosion-re-sistingsteelandtinalloyslongternesheet

terneplate

terneplatelongternesheet

tincopperalloys

tincopperorbrass

tintintin

tin-leadalloy

steelsteelsteelcopper

tin-nickelalloytin-nickelalloycopperandcop-peralloyssteel

zincsteel

zincsteel

zincsteel

zincsteel

Immerse5minat7565°Cor15minatroomtemperature.

Thisprocedureappearsinthe1980issueofISOStandard3892,

ConversionCoatingsonMetallicMaterials—DeterminationofCoatingMassperUnitArea—GravimetricMethods

20g(NH4)2Cr2O7in25to30%(m/m)NH4OHImmerse3to5minatroomtemperature.Thisprocedureappearsinthe

1980issueofISOStandard3892,ConversionCoatingsonMetallicMaterials—DeterminationofCoatingMassperUnitArea—GravimetricMethods.

Immerseatroomtemperature.Ruboffanyloosematerial.20g/LSb2O3inconcentratedHCl

Thisprocedureappearsinthe1973issueofBritishStandard3189,AppendixE.

50g/LCrO3Immerseatleast15minat7565°C,rinse,dry,weigh,andrepeatuntil

weightisconstant.

SeestandardDOD-P-16232F.Thisprocedureappearsinthe1980issueofISOStandard3892,ConversionCoatingsonMetallicMaterials—DeterminationofCoatingMassperUnitArea—GravimetricMethods.

100g/LNaOHImmerse5minat7065°C.90g/LEDTAtetrasodiumsaltThisprocedureappearsinthe1980issueofISOStandard3892,4g/LtriethanolamineConversionCoatingsonMetallicMaterials—DeterminationofCoatingMass

perUnitArea—GravimetricMethods.

180g/LNaOHImmerseatleast10min,rinse,dry,weight,andrepeatuntilweightis

constant.

90g/LNaCNThisprocedureappearsinDepartmentofDefenseStandardDOD-P-16232F.19partsbyvolumeconcentratedH2SO4Immerseat80°C.

ThisprocedureappearsinFederalSpecificationRR-T-51D.1partbyvolumeconcentratedHNO3(1)19partsbyvolumeconcentratedH2SO4Immerseat60to70°Cuntilsilverdissolves,dipinconcentratedH2SO4,

rinse.

ThisprocedureappearsinBritishStandard3382,Parts5and6:1967:AppendixesHandK.Seethe1985issueofISOStandard4522/1.1partbyvolumeconcentratedHNO3(2)concentratedH2SO490g/LNaCNDissolveanodicallyat2–6V.15g/lNaOHThisprocedureappearsinthe1985issueofISOStandard4522/1.30g/LNaCNDissolveanodicallyat3to4V.

SeeFederalSpecificationRR-T-51Dandthe1985issueofISOStandard4522/1.

(1)100g/LNaOHStripanodicallyinNaOHsolution,77to88°C,12A/dm2,reversecurrent5

to15s,rinse,dipinHClsolutionfor1to2s,rinse.(2)1volumeconcentratedHCl+3

volumewaterSeeTestMethodA309.

Immerse,silverreplacesternemetal,removebyscrubbinginwaterand200g/LAgNO3examineforresidualternemetal.

Thisprocedureappearsinthe1981issueofTestMethodA309.

concentratedHClImmerseandsimmeruntiltinisdissolved.

ThisprocedureappearsinBritishStandard3382,Parts5and6:1967:AppendixesHandK.Immerse.20g/LSb2O3inconcentratedHCl

Thisprocedureappearsinthe1964issueofBritishStandard1872,AppendixAandthe1973issueofISOStandard2093,AnnexB.

40%NaOHImmerseandheatuntilgasevolutionstops.

Immerseuntilevolutionofgasstopsandthenwait15to30s.120gSbCl3in1LconcentratedHCl

ThisprocedureappearsinFederalTestMethodStandardNo.151b.Immerseuntil1minafterevolutionofgasstops.(7)Thisprocedure20gSb2O3in1LconcentratedHCl

appearsinthe1973issueofISOStandard2093,AnnexB.

Alloydissolvesatabout0.1µm/min.Copperdissolvesatabout0.5mg/10mLconcentratedHNO3dm2/min.(8)15gurea

10mLH2O2(10volume)80mLwater

concentratedH3PO4Immerseat180to200°C.

SeeBritishStandard3597:1963:AppendixB.

20g/LNaOHDissolveanodicallyatnear-boilingtemperature.Ifcurrentdensityistoo30g/LNaCNhigh,coatingpassivatesandgasisevolved.Toreactivate,makecathodic

forafewseconds.

Thisprocedureappearsinthe1963issueofBritishStandard3597,AppendixB.

(1)20gSb2O3or32gSbCl3in1Lcon-Immerseinsolution(2),keepbelow38°Cuntilviolentevolutionofhydrogen

centratedHClhasstoppedandonlyafewbubblesarebeingevolved.(2)5mLof(1)in100mLconcentratedHClThisprocedureappearsinthe1981issueofTestMethodA90/A90M.

Immerseuntileffervescenceceases.20gSb2O3800mLconcentratedHClSeeBritishStandard1706:1960:AppendixBandthe1986issueofISO200mLwaterStandard2081.3.2gSbCl3or2gSb2O3in500mLImmerseuntilvigorousreactionvirtuallyceases.Brushoffloosedeposits.concentratedHClThisprocedureappearsinthe1971issueofBritishStandard729,waterto1LAppendix.1-to-1HClImmersein1-to-1HCluntilviolentevolutionofhydrogenhasstoppedand

onlyafewbubblesarebeingevolved.Keepbelow38°C.

Thisprocedureappearsinthe1981issueofTestMethodA90/A90M.

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Coatingzinc

Substratesteel

Reagents

ammoniumpersulfate5g

ammoniumhydroxide(sp.gr.0.880)10mLwater90mL

10mLformaldehyde30%(m/m)500mLconcHCl500mLwater300g/lNH4NO3500mLconcHCl

1gpropin-2-ol-1(C3H4O)500mLwater

Remarks—Sources

Immerse.

Thisprocedureappearsinthe1961issueofBritishStandard3382.

zincsteel

Immerse.

Thisprocedureappearsinthe1986issueofISOStandard2081.Immerse.

Thisprocedureappearsinthe1986issueofISOStandard2081.Immerse.

Thisprocedureappearsinthe1986issueofISOStandard2081.

zinczinc

steelsteel

ATheboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendofthisguide.

REFERENCES

(1)StandardsforAnodicallyCoatedAluminumAlloysforArchitecturalApplications,TheAluminumAssociation,SecondEdition,June,1965.(2)Clarke,S.G.,“TestsofThicknessofProtectiveCadmiumCoatingsonSteel,”JournalofElectrodepositor’sTechnicalSociety,VolVIII,1932–33,p.11.

(3)Brenner,A.,MonthlyReview(AES),VolXX,November1933,p.7.(4)Brown,H.E.,Plating,Vol38,1951,p.556.

(5)Read,H.J.,Lorenz,F.R.,Plating,Vol38,1951,p.946.

(6)Read,H.J.andLorenz,F.R.Plating,Vol38,1951,p.255.

(7)Clarke,S.G.,“ARapidTestofThicknessofTinCoatingsonSteelAnalyst,”Vol59,1934,p.525.

(8)Price,J.W.,“DeterminationofThicknessofTin-LeadAlloyCoatingsonCopperWire,”JournalofSocietyofChemicalIndustry,Vol63,No.10,1944.(AlsoreprintedasLeafletNo.13,TinResearchInstitute.)

ASTMInternationaltakesnopositionrespectingthevalidityofanypatentrightsassertedinconnectionwithanyitemmentionedinthisstandard.Usersofthisstandardareexpresslyadvisedthatdeterminationofthevalidityofanysuchpatentrights,andtheriskofinfringementofsuchrights,areentirelytheirownresponsibility.

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