5.1Foralltestpurposes,theminimumtimebetweenvul-canizationandtestingshouldbe16h.
5.2Fornonproducttests,themaximumtimebetweenvul-canizationandtestingshouldbefourweeks,andforevalua-tionsintendedtobecomparable,thetests,asfaraspossible,shouldbecarriedoutafterthesametimeinterval.
5.3Forproducttests,wherepossible,thetimebetweenvulcanizationandtestingshouldnotexceedthreemonths.Inothercases,testsshouldbemadewithintwomonthsofthedateofreceiptbythecustomer.
NOTE1—Section5isnotapplicableforcoatedfabricsnotrequiringvulcanization.
6.PrecisionandBias
6.1Precision—Theseprecisionstatementshavebeenpre-paredinaccordancewithPracticeD4483.PleaserefertoPracticeD4483forterminologyandothertestingandstatisti-calconcepts(seeAnnexA1forprecisiontables).
6.2Theprecisionresultsgiveanestimateoftheprecisionofthesetestmethodswiththematerials(rubbers)usedintheparticularinterlaboratoryprogramasdescribedinAnnexA1.Theprecisionparametersshouldnotbeusedforacceptance/rejectiontestingofanygroupofmaterialswithoutdocumen-tationthattheyareapplicabletothoseparticularmaterialsandthespecifictestingprotocolsthatincludethesetestmethods.6.3Bias—Intestmethodstatisticalterminology,biasisthedifferencebetweenanaveragetestvalueandthereferenceortruetestpropertyvalue.Referencevaluesdonotexistforthesetestmethodssincethevalueorlevelofthetestpropertyisexclusivelydefinedbythetestmethod.Bias,therefore,cannotbedetermined.
DIMENSIONSANDMASS
7.Length
7.1GeneralMethod—Laythecoatedfabricoutsmooth,withouttension,onahorizontalsurfaceandmeasurethelengthparalleltotheselvage;or,measuresuccessiveportions,eachatleast5m(5yd)inlength,underthesameconditions.
7.2DrumMethod—Runthecoatedfabricoverameasuringdrumwithjustenoughuniformtensiontokeepitrunningflatandtrue.Determinethelengthfromthedialorcounteronthedrumanditscalibration.
8.Width
8.1Measurethewidthwiththecoatedfabriclaidoutsmoothonahorizontalsurfacebutwithouttensionineitherdirection.Reporttheaverageofatleastfivedifferentmeasure-mentsuniformlydistributedalongthefulllengthofarollorpieceastheaveragewidthoftherollorpiece.
9.Thickness
9.1ThicknessGage—Thegageusedforthemeasurementofthicknessshallbeofthedeadweighttypeequippedwithadialgraduatedtoreaddirectlyto0.025mm(0.001in.).Thepresserfootshallbecircularwithadiameterof9.5260.03mm(0.37560.001in.).Thepresserfootandmovingpartsconnectedtherewithshallbeweightedsoastoapplyatotalforceof1.7
60.1N(660.1oz)equivalenttoapressureof23.560.5kPa(3.4psi)tothespecimen.Thepresserfootandanvilsurfacesshallbeplanetowithin0.0025mm(0.0001in.)andparalleltoeachothertowithin0.0025mm(0.0001in.).Thegageshallbecalibratedfortheactualloadexertedbythepresserfootbymeansofanydevicesoarrangedastomeasurethetotalverticalforceexertedbythepresserfootattheseveralgagereadingsorpresserfootlevelsselectedforcalibration.Thepresserfootshallbebroughttoeachcalibrationlevelfromahigherone.
NOTE2—Itissuggestedthatthecalibrationmaybeaccomplishedbysupportingthepresserfootonahorizontalstrapsuspendedfromaweighingdevicesoarrangedthatitmayberaisedorloweredgraduallyandleveledatanyrequiredposition.
9.2Procedure—Placethecoatedfabricupontheanvilofthegagesmooth,butwithouttension.Lowerthepresserfootuponthematerialgradually(withoutimpact),allowittorestuponitfor10s,andthenobservethereadingofthedial.Makesimilarmeasurementsatnotlessthanfivedifferentplacesuniformlydistributedoverthesurfaceofthecoatedfabricexclusiveoftheareaadjacenttoeitherselvageandwithinonetenththewidthofthefabricorwithin2.5m(100in.)ofeitherendofarollorpiece.Reporttheaverageofthefiveormoremeasurementsastheaveragethickness.
10.Mass
10.1MethodApplicabletoaPiece,Cut,orRoll—Weighthefullpiece,cut,orroll,onacalibratedscaleaccurateto0.25%,measurethelengthandwidthofthecoatedfabric,andcalculatethemass,reportingitingramspersquaremetre(ouncespersquareyard)tothenearest2g(0.1oz).
10.2MethodApplicabletoaSample—Cutaspecimenhavinganareaofatleast125cm2(20in.2),oranumberofspecimensnotlessthan50mm(2in.)squareandhavingatotalareaofatleast125cm2(20in.2)fromthecoatedfabric,weighonacalibratedscaleaccurateto0.25%,andcalculatethemass,reportingitingramspersquaremetre(ouncespersquareyard).Unlessaspecimenthefullwidthofthefabricisused,takenospecimennearertheselvagethanonetenththewidthofthefabric.
NOTE3—Thistestmethodisintendedforusewhenasmallsampleofcoatedfabricissenttothelaboratoryfortest.Theresultisconsideredtobeapplicabletothesample,butnottothepieceorlotofgoodsfromwhichthesamplewastakenunlessthenumberofsamplesandmethodofsamplingarespecifiedandagreeduponbythoseconcerned.Ifthisisdone,eachsampleshouldbetestedinaccordancewith9.2andtheresultsaveragedtoobtaintheaveragemassingramspersquaremetre(orouncespersquareyard).
BREAKINGSTRENGTH
11.BreakingStrength
11.1Breakingstrengthshallbedeterminedbythegrabtestmethod,unlessthestriptestmethodisspecified.Inthecaseofcoatedknitfabrics,thebreakingstrengthmaybemoresatis-factorilydeterminedbytheburstingstrengthmethodwhichshallbeusedwhenspecified.
ProcedureA—GrabTestMethod12.TestingMachine
12.1Themachineshallconsistofthreemainparts:
12.1.1Strainingmechanism,
12.1.2Clampsforholdingspecimen,and
12.1.3Loadandelongationrecordingmechanism(s).
12.2StrainingMechanism—Amachinewhereinthespeci-menisheldbetweenthetwoclampsandstrainedbyauniformmovementofthepullingclampshallbeused.Unlessotherwisespecifiedinthematerialspecification,themachineshallbeadjustedsothatthepullingclampshallhaveauniformspeedof560.2mm/s(1260.5in./min).
12.3LoadandElongationRecordingMechanism(s)—Calibrateddial,scale,orcharttoindicateappliedloadandelongation.Unlessotherwisespecifiedforloaddetermination,themachineshallbeadjustedorsetsothatthemaximumloadrequiredtobreakthespecimenwillremainindicatedonthecalibrateddialorscaleafterthetestspecimenhasruptured.12.4Capacity—Ifthemachineisofthependulumtype,itshallbeofsuchcapacitythatthemaximumloadrequiredtobreakthespecimenshallbenotgreaterthan85%orlessthan15%oftheratedcapacity.
12.5MachineEffıciency—Theerrorofthemachineshallnotexceed2%uptoandincludinga200-N(50-lbf)forceand1%over200Nand1%atanyreadingwithinitsloadingrange.
13.ClampsforFabrics
13.1Theclampsforholdingaspecimenofcoatedfabricshallhavemetallicgrippingsurfacessufficientlysmooth,flat,andparallelastopreventthetestspecimenfromslippingormovingbetweenthegrippingsurfaceswhenheldunderthepressurenormaltooperation.Thedimensionofallgrippingsurfacesparalleltothedirectionofapplicationoftheloadshallbe25mm(1in.);thedimensionperpendiculartothisdirectionshallbe1in.forthefacejawand50mm(2in.)ormorefortheother.Alledgesthatmightcauseacuttingactionshallberoundedtoaradiusofnotover0.4mm(1⁄64in.).Thedesignoftheclampshallbesuchthatonegrippingsurfaceshallbeanintegralpartoftherigidframeoftheclampwhiletheothershallbeonaparthingedorswiveledtothemovablememberoftheclamp.Thepressurebetweenthegrippingsurfaces,sufficienttoclampthespecimenfirmlybeforethetestingloadisappliedandtopreventslippageduringtheprogressofthetest,shallbesecuredbyanysuitablyconstructedmechanicaldeviceoperatingonthemovablememberoftheclamp.Thedistancebetweentheclampsatthestartofthetestshallbe75mm(3in.).
NOTE4—Asapracticalmethodofdeterminingthedegreeofflatnessandparallelismoftheassembledclampmechanism,itisrecommendedthatasheetofthinwhitepaper,betweentwothinsheetsofcarbonpaper,beplacedbetweenthegrippingsurfaces,andthejawsthenbroughttogetherwithalightpressure.
14.TestSpecimens
14.1Specimens100mm(4in.)inwidthandnotlessthan150mm(6in.)inlengthshallbecutfromthecoatedfabricfortest.Twosetsoffivespecimenseachwillberequired,onesetforlongitudinalbreakingstrengthhavingthelongerdimensionparalleltothelengthwisedirectionofthegoods,andtheothersetfortransversebreakingstrength,havingthelongerdimen-sionparalleltothecrosswisedirectionofthegoods.Notwo
specimensshallcontainthesamethreadsofthefabricinthedirectiontobetested.Unlessotherwisespecified,specimensshallbetakennonearertheselvagethanonetenththewidthofthecoatedfabric.
15.Procedure
15.1Placethespecimensymmetricallyintheclampsofthemachine(seeFig.1)withthelongerdimensionparalleltoandtheshorterdimensionatrightanglestothedirectionofapplicationoftheforce.Reporttheaverageoftheresultsofthefiveindividualtestsineachdirectionasthelongitudinalbreakingstrengthandthetransversebreakingstrengthofthefabric,respectively.Ifaspecimenslipsintheclamps,breaksintheclamps,breaksattheedgesoftheclamps,orifforanyreasonattributabletofaultyoperation,theresultfallsmarkedlybelowtheaverageforthesetofspecimens,discardtheresult,takeanotherspecimen,andincludetheresultofthisbreakintheaverage.
ProcedureB—CutStripTestMethod16.Procedure
16.1Makethebreakingstrengthtestbythecutstripmethodinaccordancewiththedirectionsforthegrabmethod(Sections12-15),withtheexceptionthatthespecimensshallbecut25mm(1in.)inwidth(orotherwidthwhenspecified).
ELONGATION
17.Procedure
17.1Unlessotherwisespecified,obtaintheelongationofacoatedfabricatanystatedforcewhenthebreakingstrength(Sections11-15)isdeterminedandforthesamespecimensbymeansofasuitableautographicrecordingdeviceonthetestingmachine.Theelongationshallbetheaverageoftheresultsobtainedforfivespecimens,anditshallbeexpressedasthepercentageincreaseinlength.Sincetheinitiallengthand,therefore,themeasuredelongationdependupontheloadappliedinplacingthespecimenintheclampsofthemachine,placeaninitialloadof1.7N(6ozf),orotherinitialloadspecifiedfortheparticularmaterialinquestion,onthespeci-menbeforegrippingthespecimeninthelowerclampofthemachine.Calculatetheelongationfromthestartofthelineasshownonthegraphicrecord.
BURSTINGSTRENGTH
18.TestingMachine
18.1Themachineusedfordeterminingburstingstrengthshallbeeitherofthefollowingtypes:
FIG.1IllustrationofGrabTest
18.2TensionTestingMachinewithRingClamp—Theten-siontestingmachinedescribedinSection12shallbeequippedwithaburstingattachmentofsuchdesignthatthespecimenheldsecurelybyaring-clampmechanism44.060.05mm(1.75060.002in.)ininternaldiameterwiththecenterofthespecimenpressedagainstapolishedsteelballof25.0060.025mm(1.00060.002in.)indiameteruntilaburstisproduced.Thedirectionofmotionoftheringclampshallbeatrightanglestotheinitialplaneofthespecimen.Thecapacityofthemachineshallbeconsideredsuitableif,whenthespecimenbreaks,theanglewhichthependulummakeswiththeverticalisbetween9and45°.
18.3DiaphragmBurstingTester—Requirementsforadia-phragmburstingtesterareoutlinedin18.3.1,18.3.2,and18.3.3;however,anymachinethatoperatesonthesameprincipleandhascoaxialaperturesof31.260.5mm(1.2460.02in.)indiameterintheclampingsurfacesisavalidmachineforthistest.
18.3.1Thetestingmachinetobeusedmaybeeithermechanicallyormanuallyoperated.Itshallpermittheclamp-ingofthematerialtobetestedbetweentwocircularclampsnotlessthan75mm(3in.)indiameterhavingcoaxialaperturesoftheircenters31.260.5mm(1.2460.02in.)indiameter.Thesurfacesoftheclampsbetweenwhichthespecimenistobeplacedshallbeconcentricallygrooved.Thegroovesshallbespacednotlessthan0.8mm(0.031in.)apartandofadepthnotlessthan0.15mm(0.006in.).Thegroovesshallnotstartcloserthan3.2mm(0.125in.)fromtheedgeoftheaperture.Thesurfacesoftheclampsshallbemetallicandanyedgethatmightcauseacuttingactionshallberoundedtoaradiusofnotover0.4mm(1⁄64in.).Thelowerclampshallbeintegralwiththechamberinwhichascrewshalloperatetoforcealiquidpressuremediumatauniformrateof1.6460.07cm3/s(6.0060.25in.3/min)againstarubberdiaphragmfittedtoexpandthroughtheapertureexertingitsforceagainstthecoatedfabricsetbetweenthetwoclamps.(Inthemanuallyoperatedma-chine,thisshallcorrespondtoapproximately2r/sofahandwheelturningthedisplacementscrew.)
18.3.2Inthemechanicallyoperatedmachine,meansshallbeprovidedforstopping,attheinstantoftheruptureofthespecimen,anyfurtherapplicationoftheloadingpressure,andforholdingunchangedthecontentsofthepressurechamberuntilthegrossburstingpressureandtarediaphragmpressureindicatedonthegagehavebeenrecorded.ThemachineshallbefittedwithaBourdontubegage,maximum-readingtype,havingadial114mm(4.5in.)indiameter,andthescaledividedtoreadin2-N(0.5-lbf)units,witharangeoffrom0to500N(0to100lbf).Accuracyshallbewithin62N.Whenthegageiscalibrated,itshallbemountedinthesamerelativepositionasontheburstingtester.Ifcalibratedwithadead-weighttester,theweightsshallbespunslowlytoensurefreeactionofthepiston.
NOTE5—Ahighercapacitygagemaybeusedprovideditmeetstheaccuracyrequirements.
18.3.3Provisionshallbemadeforapplyingtothespeci-men,beforeclamping,aslightinitialtension,whichshallbeuniforminalldirections.
19.TestSpecimens
19.1Atleasttenspecimensshallbecut,thesmallestdimensionofwhichshallbeatleast12.5mm(0.5in.)greaterthantheoutsidediameterofthering-clampmechanismofthetestingmachine.
20.Procedure
20.1Whenthependulummachineisused,mountthetestspecimenintheringclampandmoveitatarateof5mm/s(12in./min)againstthesteelballuntilruptureoccurs.Recordthepoundspressureastheburstingstrengthofthespecimen.20.2Whenthediaphragmtesterisused,mountthespeci-menbetweentheringclampandthebasesurfacewithauniformtension.Applythepressureataconstantrateasprescribedin18.3.1untilruptureoccurs.Recordthepoundspressureandthenreleasetheupperclampcompletely,allowingthetareofthediaphragmtoregisteronthepressuregage.Reporttheburstingstrengthofthematerialasthegrosspressureminusthetareofthediaphragm.
21.Calculation
21.1Theaverageburstingstrengthofthematerialshallbethearithmeticmeanoftheresultsoftentestsandreportedinpascalsorpoundspersquareinch.
PUNCTURERESISTANCE
22.TestingMachine
22.1Theapparatususedfordeterminingpunctureresistanceshallbethetensiontestingmachinewithringclampdescribedin18.2,exceptthatthepolishedsteelballshallbereplacedbyapiercinginstrumentshapedlikeaflared,flat-tipscrewdriver,havingawidthof7.9260.25mm(0.31260.1in.)andathicknessof0.860.1mm(0.03160.004in.)attheextremetip.Thepiercingtipedgesshallberoundedtoa0.25-mm(0.01-in.)radius.Thepiercinginstrumentshallbeorientedtointerceptthewarpandfillthreadsofthemountedspecimenatanangleofapproximately45°.
23.TestSpecimens
23.1Fivecircularspecimensshallbecut,eachhavingadiameteratleast12.5mm(0.5in.)greaterthantheoutsidediameterofthering-clampmechanismofthetestingmachine.24.Procedure
24.1Mounteachspecimen,centeringitintheringclamp.Allowthepiercingdevicetodescendatarateof300mm/min(12in./min)untilpunctureofthecoatedfabricoccurs.Recordtheforcerequiredtocompletelypenetratethespecimen.25.Calculation
25.1Theaveragepunctureresistanceofthematerialshallbethearithmeticmeanoftheresultsoffivetestsandreportedinnewtonsorpoundsforce.
TEARINGRESISTANCE
26.Scope
26.1Thetearingstrengthofthecoatedfabricsshallbedeterminedbyeitherthependulummethodorthetonguetear
method.Thetongueteartestmethodcannotbeusedforfabricwhoseyarnsbunchupbeforetearing.
ProcedureA—PendulumTestMethod27.TestingMachine
27.1Falling-Pendulum(Elmendorf)Typetester4whereinthespecimenisheldbetweenapairofclamps,onemovableandonestationary,andtornbythefallofapendulumthroughtheforceofgravity.Themachineshallconsistofthefollowing:27.1.1Pendulumcarryingacircumferentialgraduatedscalesoastoindicatetheforceusedintearingthespecimen.
27.1.2Movableclampcarriedonapendulum,preferablyformedbyasectorofawheelorcirclefreetoswingonaballorothersubstantiallyfrictionlessbearing,andastationaryclamp.Thegrippingsurfaceofthejawsineachclampshallbenotlessthan25mm(0.98in.)wideand16.5mm(0.650in.)deep.Theclampsshallbeseparatedbyadistanceof2.5mm(0.1in.).
27.1.3Pointerandpointerstoptorecordthemaximumarcofswingofthesectorpendulum.
27.1.4Sectorreleasetoholdthependuluminaraisedpositionduringthemountingofthespecimenandpermitittofallthroughtheforceofgravity.
27.1.5Knifeattachmentforinitialslittingofthespecimen.27.1.6NewermodelsoftheElmendorfapparatusmayalsoincludeequipmentfordirectdigitalreadoutofresults.
27.1.7DetailedinformationandadrawingoftheElmendorfapparatuscanbefoundinTestMethodD1424.
28.AdjustmentofApparatus
28.1Leveltheinstrumentsothat,withthesectorfree,thelineonthesectorindicatingtheverticalfromthepointofsuspensioncoincideswithacorrespondingpointonthebaseoftheinstrument,usuallyplacedonthestopmechanism.Forapparatushavingasectorasapendulum,andwhichtearsthespecimenasitmovestowardtheright,drawapencillineonthebaseofstopmechanism25mm(1in.)totherightoftheedgeofthesectorstop.Withthesectorraisedtoitsinitialpositionandthepointersetagainstitsstop,onreleasingthesectorandholdingthestopdown,thesectorshouldmakeatleast20completeoscillationsbeforetheedgeofthesectorthatengageswiththestopnolongerpassestotheleftofthepencilline.Otherwise,thebearingshallbeoiledandadjusted.
28.2Afterleveling,operatetheinstrumentseveraltimeswithnothinginthejaws,andmovablejawbeingclosed,toascertainifthepointerregisterszerowithnoload.Ifzeroisnotregistered,thepointerstopshouldbesuitablyadjusteduntilthezeroreadingisobtained.Ifitisnecessarytomovethepointerstop,thepointerfrictionshouldbecheckedasfollows:Setthepointeratthezeroreadingonthescalebeforereleasingthesectorandafterreleaseseethatthepointerisnotpushedmorethanthreescaledivisionsbeyondthezero.Areadingofmorethanthreedivisionsindicatesexcessivepointerfrictionandthepointershouldberemoved,thebearingwipedclean,anda
4ElmendorfTearTesterssuitableforuseandmeetingtherequirementsofthistestmethodareavailablefromThwing-AlbertInstrumentCo.,10960DuttonRd.,Philadelphia,PA19154andTestingMachinesInc.,400BayviewAve.,Amityville,NY11701.
traceoflightinstrumentoilapplied.Whenthepointerfrictionhasbeenreduced,finallyadjustthepointstop.
29.CalibrationofApparatus
29.1Levelandadjusttheinstrumentonasmooth,flatsurfaceandclampaknownmassingrams,W,totheradialedgeofthesectorbeneaththejaws.Thecenterofgravityofthemass(includingmeansofattaching)shallbepreviouslymarkedbyapuncheddotonthefaceofthemassthatistobeinthefrontoftheinstrument.
29.2Raiseandsetthesectorasfortearingaspecimenand,bymeansofasurfacegageorotherconvenientmeans,measuretheheight,H,ofthecenterofgravityofthemassabovetheglassplate.Thenreleasethesector,allowittoswing,andnotethepointerreading.Withouttouchingthepointer,raisethesectoruntiltheedgeofthepointerjustmeetswithitsstop,inwhichpositionagaindeterminetheheightincentime-tres,h,ofthecenterofgravityofthemassabovetheglassplate.
29.3TheworkdoneisW(H−h)gram-centimetres.Thepointerreadingforthestandardinstrumentandtestmethodspecifiedshouldbeasfollows:
W~H2h!/137.6
(1)
29.4Fiveforcesfrom75to400gformasuitablerangeforthecalibration,oneormorebeingclampedontheedgeofthesectorindifferentpositions,theworkdoneinraisingeachbeingcalculatedandaddedtogether.
29.5Makearecordofdeviationsoftheindicatedreadingsandmakecorrespondingcorrectionsinthetestresults.
29.6Theinstrumentshouldbeperiodicallycalibrated.Al-ternateandmorerapidcalibrationprocedures,recommendedbythemanufactureroftheapparatus,usingso-calledcheckweights,arealsoacceptable.
29.7Thetearingdistance,whichequals43mm(1.7in.)shallbecheckedbeforeeachseriesoftests.
30.TestSpecimen
30.1Thestandardtestspecimenshallbearectangleofclothapproximately100mm(4.00in.)longandexactly63mm(2.50in.)wide,withtheslittobecut20mm(0.8in.),thusleavingadistanceofexactly43mm(1.7in.)betweentheendoftheslitandtheedgeofthespecimen.Abladeheightsettinggage,availablefromtheequipmentsupplier,shouldbeusedtoverifytheslitlength.
NOTE6—Precautionarymeasuresshouldbetakentopreventormini-mizetheravelingoutofthelastyarnsandtoensuretheirbeingtornduringthetest.Forpreparingthespecimen,adieortemplateconformingtoFig.2isuseful.
31.Procedure
31.1Placethespecimensecurelyintheclamps.Locatetheknifeattachmentsoastoslitthespecimenmidwaybetweentheclampsatrightanglestotheupperedgeoftheclamps.Makeaslitextendingfromthebottomedgeofthespecimentoapoint4mm(0.157in.)abovethetopedgeoftheclampsleavingadistanceof43mm(1.7in.)ofuncutspecimenperpendiculartothelongdimensionofthespecimen.Theaccuracyofthereadingsobtainedwiththeapparatusdepends
FIG.2DimensionsofDieorTemplateforCuttingNotched
Specimens
toagreatextentontheexactnessofthis43mmofuncutspecimen.
31.2Withthependulumintheraisedposition,themovableclampsshalllieinthesameplaneasthefixedclampforminganextensiontothefixedclamp.Thisplaneshallbeperpen-diculartotheplaneofoscillationofthependulum.
31.3Theperpendicularfromthelineformedbythetopedgeoftheclampstotheaxisofsuspensionshallbe104mm(4.09in.)andshallmakeanangleof27.5°withtheplaneofthespecimen.
31.4Pressthesectorrelease,causingthesectortofall,thusmovingthependulumclampawayfromthefixedclampsoastotearthespecimen.Readfromthescale,tothenearestdivision,theforcerequiredtotearthespecimen.
31.5Rejectreadingsobtainedwheretheteardeviatesmorethan10mm(0.4in.)awayfromtheinitialslit.Likewise,ifthesideofthespecimenabovethemovablejawrubsagainstthesectorasthetearismade,rejectthereading.
31.6Themachine,whenusedforagivenspecimen,shallbeofsuchcapacitythatthemaximumforcerequiredtotearthespecimenisnotgreaterthan85%orlessthan15%oftheratedcapacity.
31.7Makenotlessthanfivetestsineachprincipaldirectionofthecoatedfabric.
32.CalculationandReport
32.1Reporttheresultsastheforceinnewtonsorpounds-forcerequiredtotearaspecimen.IftheElmendorfTearTesterisused,refertoTable1forcalculatingvaluesinnewtonsorpounds-force.
32.2Reporttheaverage,maximumandminimumresultsforbothprincipaldirectionsofthecoatedfabric.Designatetheseaslongitudinaltearresistanceandtransversetearresis-tance.
ProcedureB—TongueTearTestMethod33.TestingMachine
33.1Thetestingmachineusedforthistestshallconformtotherequirementsofthemachineusedinthegrabtestmethodforbreakingstrength(seeSection12)withthefollowingmodifications:Thefaceofthejawsshallmeasure25by50mm(1by2in.)ormorewiththelongdimensionperpendiculartothedirectionofapplicationoftheload.Allmachineattach-
TABLE1FactorsforCalculatingTearingForceinNewtons(or
Pounds-Force)
NOTE1—Oldermodelsoftheapparatus,whichhaveotherscalesmaystillbeinuse.Insuchinstances,themanufacturer’smanualshouldbereferencedfortheproperconversionfactors.
Scale
RangeFactor(N/Factor(lbf/(units)unit)unit)Standardinstrument:1600-gpendulum10–1000.1570.03533200-gpendulum10–1000.3140.07066400-gpendulum
10–1000.6270.1411Heavy-dutyinstrument:Noaugmentingmass—10–640.9810.2206400g
Oneaugmentingmass—20–1281.9610.44112800g
Twoaugmentingmasses—3
0–256
1.961
0.441
25600g
mentsfordeterminingmaximumloadsshallbedisengagedduringthistest.Unlessotherwisespecifiedinthematerialspecification,themachineshallbeadjustedsothatthepullingclampshallhaveauniformspeedof0.8560.05mm/s(260.1in./min).
34.TestSpecimen
34.1Thespecimenshallbearectangleof75-by200-mm(3-by8-in.)cloth.Fivespecimensfromeachofthewarpandfillingdirectionsshallbetested.Theshortdistanceshallbeparalleltothewarpyarnsforthewarptestsandparalleltothefillingyarnsforthefillingtests.Notwospecimensforwarptestsshallcontainthesamewarpyarns,norshallanytwospecimensforthefillingtestscontainthesamefillingyarns.A75-mmcutshallbemadeatthecenterofandperpendiculartoashortsideofthespecimenformingthetonguesorcutstrips.35.Procedure
35.1Themachine,whenusedforagivenspecimen,shallbeofsuchcapacitythatthemaximumforcerequiredtotearthespecimenisnotgreaterthan85orlessthan15%oftheratedcapacity.
35.2Centerthespecimeninthemachinewithonetongueorcutstripineachclamp.Startthemachineandobservebymeansofanautographicrecordingdevicetheforcenecessarytoteartheclothadistanceof75to100mm(3to4in.).35.3Ifaspecimenslipsbetweenthejaws,breaksortearsinadirectionotherthanthatoftheoriginalcut,orif,foranyreasonattributabletofaultytechnique,anindividualmeasure-mentfallsmarkedlybelowtheaveragetestresultforthesampleunit,discardandtestanotherspecimen.36.Report
36.1Thetearingstrengthofthetestspecimenshallbetheaverageofthefivehighestpeakloadsofresistance(notincludingtheinitialpeak)registeredduringtheseparationofthetear.Thetearingstrengthofthesampleunitshallbetheaverageoftheresultsobtainedfromthefivespecimenstestedineachofthewarpandfillingdirectionsandshallbereportedseparatelytothenearest0.5N(0.1lbf).
TRAPEZOIDALTEAR
37.TestingMachine
37.1Thetestingmachineusedforthistestshallconformtotherequirementsofthemachineusedinthetongueteartestmethod(seeSection33ProcedureB)withthefollowingexceptions:Thedistancebetweentheclampsatthestartofthetestshouldbe2561mm(160.05in.).Thefaceofthejawsshallmeasure25by50mm(1by2in.).Unlessotherwisespecifiedinthematerialspecification,themachineshallbeadjustedsothatthepullingclampshallhaveauniformspeedof5mm/sec.(1260.1in./min.).Setthemachinesuchthatthemaximumforceoccursbetween15and85%offull-scaleforce.
38.TestSpecimen
38.1Cutrectangularspecimens76.23152.4mm(3by6in.).Thelongdistanceshallbeparalleltothewarpyarnsforthewarptests,andparalleltothefillingyarnsforthefillingtests.Notwospecimensshallcontainthesamewarpyarnsinawarptestorthesamefillingyarnsinafilltest.Markeachspecimenwithanisoscelestrapezoidtemplate,centeringitonthecutrectanglespecimen.Makeacut15.9mm(0.625in.)longatthecenterofthe25.4mm(1in.)edge.(SeeFig.3below.)
39.Procedure
39.1Securethetestspecimeninthemachine,clampingalongthesidesofthetrapezoidwhichcontainsthe15mm(.625in.)cut.Positionthespecimensothecutishalfwaybetweentheclamps.Holdtheshortedgetautandlettheremainingfabriclieinfolds.Startthemachineandrecordthetearingforcebyagraphicmethod.Continuetotearthespecimenuntilithastorncompletelyacrossthesample.Ifbreakageoccursatthejawarea,discardvaluesandretestusingpaddedjaws.Somematerialswillstarttotearshowingseveralmaximumandminimumpointspriortoa25%increaseormoreinvalue.Thematerialtypicallydoesnottearbeyondthispoint.Thetestresultsaretobetakenpriortothisincrease.40.Report
40.1Theresultsofthetrapezoidalteartestshallbereportedasinthetongueteartestmethod(seeSection36ProcedureB).
FIG.3TrapezoidalTearTestSpecimen
HYDROSTATICRESISTANCE
41.HydrostaticResistance
41.1ThehydrostaticresistanceofacoatedfabricshallbedeterminedbyProcedureAwhichusesaMullen-typehydro-statictesteror,whenspecified,byProcedureBwhichusesthehydrostaticpressureofarisingcolumnofwater(Sutertest).
ProcedureA—PressureApplicationbyMullen-Type
HydrostaticTester42.TestingMachine
42.1Requirementsforthetestingmachineareoutlinedin42.2;however,anymachinethatoperatesonthesameprincipleandhascoaxialaperturesof31.260.5mm(1.2460.02in.)indiameterintheclampingsurfacesisavalidmachine.
42.2Thetestingmachinetobeusedmaybeeithermechani-callyormanuallyoperated.Itshallpermittheclampingofthematerialtobetestedbetweentwocircularclampsabout75mm(3in.)indiameterhavingcoaxialaperturesoftheircenters31.260.5mm(1.2460.02in.)indiameter.Thesurfacesoftheclampsbetweenwhichthespecimenistobeplacedshallbeconcentricallygrooved.Thegroovesshallbespaced0.8mm(0.031in.)apartandofadepthnotlessthan0.15mm(0.006in.).Thegroovesshallnotstartcloserthan3.18mm(0.125in.)fromtheedgeoftheaperture.ThelowerclampingsurfaceshallhavearecessionconcentrictotheaperturecapableofacceptinganO-ringhavingacross-sectionaldiameterof4.760.1mm(0.18760.004in.).Themachineshallhavemeansofapplyinghydraulicpressuretotheundersideoftheclampedspecimenuntilthespecimenfails.Thepressureshallbegeneratedbymeansofapistonforcingwaterintothepressurechamberofthe3apparatusattherateof1.460.1cm3/s(5.260.3in./min).ThemachineshallbefittedwithaBourdongage,maximum-readingtype,withthescaledividedtoread2-N(0.5-lbf)units.Accuracyshallbewithin2Nonreadingsfrom0to180N(0to100lbf)andto1.0%onanyreadingover180N.Whenthegageiscalibrated,itshallbemountedinthesamerelativepositionasontheburstingtester.
NOTE7—Anymachinethatoperatesontheaboveprincipleandmaintainsthespecifieddisplacementrateof85mL/min,andinadditionpossessesanopeningintheupperclampingsurfaceof31.560.25mm(1.2460.01in.),isavalidmachineforthistest.
43.TestSpecimens
43.1Thetestspecimencutfromthecoatedfabricshallbeofsuchsizethatthesmallestdimensionisatleast12.5mm(0.5in.)greaterthantheoutsidediameterofthering-clampmechanismofthetestingmachine.
44.Procedure
44.1Beforeclampingthespecimenintothetestingma-chine,bringthewaterlevelupflushwiththetopoftherubbergasketsothatnoairpocketmayexistbetweenthewatersurfaceandthecoatedfabricbeingtested.Unlessotherwisespecifiedinthecaseofmaterialscoatedononesideonly,placethecoatedsidenexttothewaterlevel.Inthecaseofdouble-coatedfabricsordouble-texturefabrics,eithersurfacemaybeusedunlessthesidetobeputfacingdownwardagainstthewaterlevelisdefinitelyspecified.Thetemperatureofthe
watershallbethesameastheatmospherictemperatureofthetestingroom.Conductthetestinaccordancewithoneofthefollowingtwoprocedures.
44.1.1Procedure1—Increasethepressuresteadilyattherateofdisplacementindicatedin18.3.1andtakeadialreadingatthefirstappearanceofwaterthroughthecoatedfabricbeingtested.Maketendifferentdeterminationsandtaketheaverageasthehydrostaticresistanceofthecoatedfabric.Discardanisolatedhighorlowresultthatisnotrepeatedinduplicatewhenaconsistentaveragehasbeenobtainedwithouttheabnormalreadingandsubstitutearetest.
44.1.2Procedure2—Applyaspecifiedpressureheldcon-stantwithin14kPa(2psi)againstthetestspecimenforaperiodof5min.Anyappearanceofwaterthroughthecoatedfabricthatcanbedetectedduringthatperiodwillindicatefailuretomeetthetest.Testatleasttenspecimensfromanysampleofmaterial.Thecoatedfabricwillhavesatisfactorilymettherequiredtestifatleasteightoutoftentestsshownoleakageatthepressurespecified.
NOTE8—Anymaterialthatfailstogiveavalueofatleast35kPa(5psi)asmeasuredbyeitherprocedureoftestingshallberegardedashavingtoolowahydrostaticresistancetobemeasuredbythistestmethod,andthealternateProcedureBofusingthehydrostaticpressureofarisingcolumnofwatershallbetried.
45.Report
45.1Reportthefollowinginformation:
45.1.1Statementofthetestmethodandprocedureused.45.1.2WithProcedure1,allobservedandrecordeddatatogetherwiththeaveragevalueofthehydrostaticresistanceinN(lbf).
45.1.3WithProcedure2,statementofthenumberofspeci-menstested,thespecifiedpressureapplied,andthenumberofspecimensthatwithstoodthepressure.
ProcedureB—PressureApplicationbyaRisingColumn
ofWater46.TestingMachine
46.1Themachineshallconsistofaclampforholdingthespecimenandameansofprovidingacolumnofwaterwhoselevelcanberaised.Fig.4showsasuitableapparatus.
46.2Theclampshallconsistofalowerringabout170mm(6.75in.)inoutsidediameterby115mm(4.5in.)ininsidediameterheldinafixedpositionandprovidedwithachannel9.5mm(0.375in.)inwidthintowhicharubbergasketseatsandalsoamovableupperplatewhichshallbeabout170mminoutsidediameterandshallcarrytherubbergasket.Awaterchamberontopoftheupperplateshallhaveawateropeningintotheclampandaventpipe.Asuitablemechanismshallbeprovidedtoclosetheclampwiththespecimenoffabricbetweentheringandplate.
46.3Thewaterlevelershallbeprovidedwithawaterinlet,wateroutlet,andoverflowpipe.Itshallbeconnectedtotheclampbymeansofarubberhose.Theoverflowpipeprovidesameansofmaintainingaconstantlevelofwater.Asuitablemechanismforraisingthewaterleveleruniformlyattherequiredrateandloweringitagainshallbeprovided.Achainandsprocketdevicedrivenbyamotorandcontrolledbyasuitablediskclutchhasbeenfoundsatisfactory.
FIG.4MachineforMeasuringHydrostaticResistanceofaCoated
FabricbyUsingthePressureofaRisingColumnofWater
46.4Asteelscaleformeasuringtheheightofthewatercolumnshallbeattachedtothewaterlevelerinsuchawaythatthezeroisinthesamehorizontalplaneastheconstantwaterlevelatalltimes.Areferencepointerinfixedpositionatthelevelofthefaceofthelowerringoftheclampshallbeprovidedformeasuringthedistanceoftravelofthewaterlevelerabovethefaceoftheclamp.Thescaleshallbegraduatedinmillimetres(orsixteenthsofaninch).
46.5Amirrorshallbeprovidedundertheclamptoobserveanyleaksinthefabricbeingtested.47.TestSpecimens
47.1Thetestspecimenofthecoatedfabricshallbeatleast200mm(8in.)square.Thespecimenmayincludeaseamifdesiredsincetherubbergasketprovidesameansofobtainingatightsealintheclamp.Atleastfivespecimensfromanysampleofmaterialshallbetested.
48.Procedure
48.1Conductthetestaccordingtooneofthefollowingtwoprocedures:
48.1.1Procedure1—Laythespecimensmoothlyonthefaceofthelowerringoftheclampandlowerandfastentheupperplateinplace.Thisshallformawatertightcompartment.Whenthespecimeniscoatedononlyoneside,placethecoatedsidenexttothewatercolumn,unlessotherwisespecified.Withtheleveleratthezeroposition,turnthewateronandkeepitrunningatsucharateastooverflowcontinuously.Raisethecolumnatarateof10mm/suntilthefirstdropofwaterappearsthroughthecoatedfabric.Readonthescaletheheightofthewatercolumnabovethelevelofthespecimen.
48.1.2Procedure2—Analternativeprocedureisplacingthespecimenintheclampandraisingthewatercolumntoapredeterminedheightandrecordingthetimerequiredforthefirstdropofwatertopenetratethecoatedfabric.
49.Report
49.1Reportthefollowinginformation:
49.1.1Statementofthetestmethodandprocedureusedandthenumberofspecimenstested.
49.1.2WithProcedure1,theheightofthecolumnofwatertothenearest0.01kPa(ortothenearest1⁄16in.),atwhichthefirstdropappearedontheundersideofeachofthecoatedfabricspecimens,alsotheaveragevalueforallspecimens.
49.1.3WithProcedure2,thepresetheightofthecolumnofwaterandthetimeelapsedbeforethefirstdropofwaterappearedontheundersideofeachspecimenofthecoatedfabric,alsotheaveragevalueforallspecimens.
ADHESIONOFCOATINGTOFABRIC
50.TestingMachine
50.1AtestingmachineasdescribedinSection12shallbeused,exceptthatthespeedofthepullingclampshallbeeither0.8560.05mm/s(2.060.1in./min)or5.0060.02mm/s(1260.5in./min).Thefacesoftheclampsshallmeasure25by75mm(1by3in.),withtheshortdimensionsparalleltothedirectionofapplicationoftheload.Thedistancebetweentheclampsatthestartshallbe25mm.Ifthemachineisofthependulumtype,thependulumshallbedisengagedfromtheratchet.Apendulum-typemachineshallbeconsideredtobeofpropercapacityforthetest,if,whenthecoatingseparatesfromthefabric,theanglethatthependulummakeswiththeverticalisbetween9and45°.
51.TestSpecimens
51.1PeelAdhesion—Twosetsofthreespecimenseach25mm(1in.)inwidthand200mm(8in.)inlengthshallbecutfromthecoatedfabric(seeNote9).Twosetsoftwospecimenseachwillberequired,onesetforadhesioninthelongitudinaldirectionhavingthelongerdimensionparalleltothelength-wisedirectionofthefabricandtheothersetforadhesioninthetransversedirectionhavingthelongerdimensionparalleltothecrosswisedirectionofthefabric.Thesespecimensshallbepreparedfortestasfollows:
51.1.1Whenthestrengthofthecoatingfilmexceedstheadhesivebondtothefabric,aswiththickfilms,eachspecimen
shallbepreparedfortestingbycarefullycuttingthecoatingthroughtothefabricwithadiagonalcutstarting50mm(2in.)fromthetopofthespecimen.Theedgeofaknifeshallbeworkedunderthepointformedbythecutandtheedgeofthefabricandthecoatingofstripshallbeseparatedfromthebackingforadistanceof50mmfromthatpoint.Bothsidesofthespecimenaretobetestedifthefabriciscoatedonbothsides.
NOTE9—Incaseofknitandotherstretchyfabrics,50-mm(2-in.)specimensmaybeused.
51.1.2Reinforcedcoatingadhesionspecimensshallbepreparedinthecaseofthinfilmsorincasesinwhichthecoatingisnotsufficientlystrongtobestrippedfromthefabricasdescribedin51.1.1.Twospecimensofthecoatedfabric50by200mm(2by8in.)shallbecementedtogetherfacetoface.Ifbothsidesarecoated,onesideistobecementedtotheothersideunlessotherwisespecifiedwithanadhesivesuitableforadheringthetypeofcoatingbeingevaluated.Afterthecementhasset,diecuta25-by200-mm.specimenfromthecenterofthelargersample.Separateoneendofthespecimen50mm.
NOTE10—Incasethefabricistooweaktobetestedina25-mm(1-in.)width,thespecimenmaybecut75mm(3in.)inwidthandthestripforevaluationcut50mm(2in.)inwidth.Theresultsshallthenberecordedasnewtonsper25mm(pounds-forceper1in.)strip,andthewidthofthespecimennotedinthereport.
52.Procedure
52.1Clampthepeelseparatedportionsofthe25-mm(1-in.)stripinthelowerjawofthetestingmachineandtheotherendofthespecimenintheupperjawsothatthemovementofthejawwillseparatethecoatingfromthebacking.Therateoftravelofthelowerjawshallbeoneofthetwospeedsspecifiedin50.1.Thedistanceofseparationofthecoatingshallbeaminimumof76mm(3in.).
52.2Clamptheseparatedportionsofthecementadhesionspecimeninupperandlowerjawsofthetestmachine.Therateoftravelofthemovingjawshallbeoneofthetwospeedsspecifiedin50.1.Thedistanceofseparationofthepliesshallbeaminimumof76mm(3in.).Ifthecementdoesnotbreakthecoatingfromthefabric,thenthetestmachinewillbestopped,andthecoatingontheplyinthetopjawshallbecarefullycuttothefabric.Thenthemachineshallberestarted.53.Report
53.1Reportthefollowinginformation:
53.1.1Thetypeoftestingmachineandtherateoftravelofthemovingjaw,and
53.1.2Theaveragetestvalueforatleastthreespecimenscutinthelongitudinaldirectionandthreespecimenscutinthetransversedirection.Theaverageofthefivehighpeaksperspecimenshallbeusedtodeterminetheforceinnewtons/25mm(orpounds-force/1in.)forreportingtheadhesionofthecoatingorplies.Theaverageofthefivelowpeaksmayalsobereportedifitisdesiredtoalsoreporttherangeofpeeladhesion.
STRENGTHOFCOATING
54.StrengthofCoating
54.1Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthe
strengthandelasticityofafabriccoatingbyhydrostaticresistancemeasurementaftercontrolledmechanicalprecondi-tioning.
55.TestApparatus
55.1MechanicalPretensioning—Thetestingmachineshallconformtotherequirementscitedforthegrabprocedureforbreakingstrength(seeSection12),withthefollowingmodifi-cations:Thefaceoftheclampsshallmeasure25by50mm(1by2in.)withthelongdimensionperpendiculartothedirectionofapplicationoftheload.Allmachineattachmentsfordeter-miningmaximumloadshallbedisengagedduringthetest.Thetestloadappliedtotestspecimensduringtestingshallbecapableofbeingmaintainedwithinaone-poundloadtolerancefortherequiredduration.
55.2HydrostaticResistance—Thetestingmachineshallconformtotherequirementscitedforthisdetermination(ProcedureAorB,inSections37-45).
56.TestSpecimen
56.1Thecoatedfabrictestspecimenshallbea153-mm(6-in.)squarewithdiagonaldimensionsorientedparalleltothewarpandfillthreads.Atleastfivespecimensfromeachmaterialshallbetested.
57.Procedure
57.1SpecimenPretensioning—Setthedistancebetweenclampsofthetestingmachine(see55.1)at100mm(4in.).Centerthetestspecimenintheclampswiththeedgesparalleltoclampedges.Separatetheclampsatarateof5mm/s(0.2in./min)untilaloadof133.564.5N(3061lbf)hasbeenappliedtothespecimen.Holdtheloadfor30sandthenrelease,allowingthespecimentorelax.Releasethespecimenfromtheclampsandrepeattheprocedurewiththeloadappliedinthedirectionperpendiculartothatofthefirstloading.
57.2HydrostaticResistance—Determinethehydrostaticre-sistanceofthepretensionedspecimensinaccordancewithoneoftheprocedurescitedinSection37-45.
58.Report
58.1Reportthefollowinginformation:
58.1.1Statementofthetestmethodandprocedureused.58.2Allobservedandrecordeddataasindicatedforappli-cablehydrostaticresistanceProcedureAorB(Section41or45).
TACK-TEARRESISTANCE
59.Scope
59.1Thistestmethodcoversthemeasurementoftheresistanceofacoatedfabrictotearingunderconditionssimulatinganinstallationthathasbeentackedinplace.Itisintendedprimarilyfortestingvinylplasticcoatedfabricsforfurnitureorautomotiveapplications.
60.Apparatus
60.1TheapparatusshallconsistofthedeviceillustratedinFig.5andatestingmachineconformingtotherequirementsofSection14.
61.TestSpecimens
61.1Thespecimensshallbe50mm(2in.)inwidthand150mm(6in.)inlength.Twosetsoffivespecimenseacharerequired,onesetforwarptack-tearstrengthhavingthelongerdimensionparalleltothefillingyarns,andtheothersetforfillingtack-tearstrengthhavingthelongerdimensionparalleltothewarpyarn.
62.Procedure
62.1ClampthedeviceshowninFig.5intheupperjawofthetestingmachineandadjustthemachinetocompensateforitsweight.Impingethespecimenontheneedles,takingcarethatthelineofneedlesisparalleltothethreadstobetestedandexactly12.5mm(0.5in.)fromthetopedgeofthespecimen.Clampthespecimeninthelowerclamp.Operatethemachineasforatensiontestwiththedistancefromthebottomoftheneedlestothetopofthelowerclamp75mm(3in.)andtherateofjawseparation5mm/s(12in./min)withnoload.Thefacesofthebottomclampshallmeasure25by75mm(1by3in.)ormore.Ifthemachineisofthependulumtype,disengagethepawlsonthependulumfromtheratchet.Recordtheaverageforcenecessarytotearthefabric,preferablywithanauto-graphicrecordingdevice.
63.Report
63.1Reportthemediumoftheresultsofthefiveindividualtestsonthewarpasthewarptack-tearstrength,andthemedianofthefiveindividualtestsonthefillingasthefillingtack-tearstrength.
LOW-TEMPERATUREBENDTEST
64.Procedure
64.1Determinetheresistanceofthematerialtolow-temperaturebendinginaccordancewithTestMethodD2136.
LOW-TEMPERATUREIMPACTTEST
65.Procedure
65.1Determinetheresistanceofthematerialtolow-temperatureimpactinaccordancewithTestMethodsD2137.
LOW-TEMPERATURECRACKRESISTANCE66.Scope
66.1Thetestmethodcoversthedeterminationofresistanceofcoatedfabricstocrackingwhenexposedtolowtemperature,andthesubsequentabilitytomaintainhydrostaticresistance.67.Apparatus
67.1LowTemperatureChamber—Apparatusascitedforlow-temperaturebendandimpacttests(Sections60-61).
67.2Roller—Steelroller,approximately140mm(51⁄2in.)indiameterand51mm(2in.)wide,weighing4.5kg(10lb),withasuitablehandleguide.
67.3Gloves—Arcticgloves,preferablywithsleeveattach-ments,capableofretainingflexibilityatsub-zerotemperatures.67.4HydrostaticResistance—ApparatusascitedforProce-dureB(Sections42-45).
in.⁄⁄5⁄323⁄1613⁄647⁄321⁄49⁄325⁄1611⁄3211618mm1.1593.1753.9694.7625.1595.5566.3507.1447.9388.731
in.⁄⁄5⁄8115⁄1613⁄817⁄16225⁄16211⁄163812mm9.52512.70015.87525.40033.33834.92536.51250.80058.73568.262
FIG.5Tack-TearTesterforCoatedFabrics
68.TestSpecimen
68.1Thetestspecimenshallbea200-mm(8-in.)squareofcoatedfabricwithedgesorientedparalleltothewarpandfilldirections.Unlessotherwisespecified,atleastthreespecimensfromeachlotofmaterialshallbetested.
69.Procedure
69.1LowTemperatureCrackProcedure—Exposethespeci-mensinthelow-temperaturechamberattherequiredtempera-turefortherequiredconditioningtime.Whilestillinthechamber,creaseeachspecimen180°inthecenterinthewarpandfilldirectionsrespectivelybyfoldingslightlywhilelyingonaflatsmoothsurfaceandrunningthecenterofthesteelrolleroverthefoldasingletime.Openthespecimenbetweenthetwocreasingoperations.Thepressureonthespecimenshallbetheweightoftheroller.Thetemperatureoftherollershallbeofthesameasthatofthespecimen.Handlethespecimenwithgloves,andtakecarethatitstemperatureremainsuniformthroughoutthetest.Foldthespecimeninboththewarpandfill
directions,thatthecoatinginthecaseofunbalanceddouble-coatedclothshallbeontheoutsideofthefold.Inthecaseofatruebalanceddoublecoating,eithersidemaybetowardtheoutsideofthefold.Removethespecimenfromthechamberandvisuallyexamineforsignsofcoatingcrackingorflaking.69.2HydrostaticResistance—Determinethehydrostaticre-sistanceofthespecimensexposedaspreviouslydetailedinaccordancewithProcedureB,Sections42-45,afterallowingatleast2hforreturntostandardlaboratoryconditions.70.Report
70.1Reportthefollowinginformation:
70.1.1Resultsoftestexpressedas“passed”or“failed,”thatis,whetherspecimensexhibitedvisiblecoatingcracksorwaterleakageduringhydrostaticresistancetesting,orevidencedasignificantchangeinhydrostaticresistancewhencomparedtotheinitialvalue.
70.1.2Numberofspecimenstested.
70.1.3Temperatureatwhichthespecimensweretested.
70.1.4Lengthoftheexposureperiod.
70.1.5Identification,dateofmanufacture,anddateoftest.
SEAMSTRENGTH
71.Scope
71.1Thestrengthofcoatedfabricseams(lapped,lappedandbonded,andsewnseams)shallbetestedbythemodifiedgrabtestmethod.
72.Significance
72.1Thistestmethodisintendedtodeterminetheseamstrengthforcomparisonwiththestrengthofthecoatedfabric.73.TestingMachine
73.1Thetestingmachineusedforthistestshallconformtotherequirementsofthemachineusedinthegrabtestmethodforbreakingstrength(seeSection12)withthefollowingmodification:Thefaceofthejawsshallmeasure25by75mm(1by3in.)ormorewiththelongdimensionperpendiculartothedirectionofapplicationoftheload.Themachineshallbeadjustedtopulltheclampsatauniformrateof5mm/s(12in./min).
74.TestSpecimen
74.1Thespecimenshallbearectangle50by200mm(2by8in.)withtheseamhorizontallyacrossthecenter,perpendicu-lartothelongdirection.Unlessotherwisespecifiedinthematerialorproductspecification,threeindividualspecimensshallbetestedandthemedianofthethreetestresultsshallberecorded.
75.Procedure
75.1Themachineshallbeofsuchcapacitythatthemaxi-mumforcerequiredtoteartheseamofthespecimenisnotgreaterthan85%orlessthan15%oftheratedcapacity.75.2Placethespecimensymmetricallyinthejawsofthetestingmachinewiththeseamcenteredbetweenandparalleltothejawsandtheshorterdimensionatrightanglestothedirectionofapplicationoftheforce.Startthemachineandobservebymeansofanautographicrecordingdevicetheforceorloadnecessarytosliptheseamorrupturethefabric.
75.3Ifaspecimenslipsbetweenthejaws,breaksortearsinadirectionotherthanparalleltotheseam,or,ifforanyreasonattributabletofaultytechniqueanindividualmeasurementfalls20%belowthemediantestresultsforthesampleunit,discardandtestanotherspecimen.
76.CalculationandReport
76.1TheseamstrengthofthetestspecimenshallbereportedasthemedianofalltheindividualresultsinkN/m(lbf/2in.)tothenearest0.01kN/m(0.1lbf/2in.).Thereportshallincludewhetherfailureoccurredintheseamorinthefabric.
ACCELERATEDHEATAGINGOFFABRICSCOATEDWITHRUBBERORPLASTICSBYTHE
OVENMETHOD77.Scope
77.1Thistestmethodisusedtoestimatetherelativeheat
deteriorationresistanceoffabricscoatedwithrubberorplas-tics.Noexactcorrelationbetweenthisacceleratedtestandthenaturallifeofcoatedfabricsisgivenorimpliedsincetherateofdeteriorationduringthenormallifeofcoatedfabricsvarieswidely,dependingontheconditionofexposuretoheat,light,andairandonthecompositionofthecoatedfabric.Thisacceleratedtestiscomparativeonlyandmustbeevaluatedagainsttheperformanceofcoatedfabrics,ofwhichboththenaturalandacceleratedagingcharacteristicsareknown.78.NatureofTest
78.1Thisagingtestofcoatedfabricsconsistsofsubjectingtestspecimenshavingpreviouslydeterminedphysicalproper-tiestocontrolleddeterioratinginfluencesforknownperiods,afterwhichthephysicalpropertiesareagainmeasuredandcomparedwithcorrespondingpropertiesofunagedspecimens.Thetestinvolvesexposureofthespecimenstoanelevatedtemperatureinairatatmosphericpressure.Thetestisdesig-natedasanoven-agingtest.Itdoesnotincludeexposuretolight.
78.2Theselectionoftheagingtimeandtemperaturewilldependonthepurposeofthetestandthetypeofcoatedfabric.Thisselectionindicateswhetheranacceleratedagingorasimulatedservice(heat)testisbeingused.
78.3Thephysicalpropertiesusedtomeasurethedeteriora-tionofcoatedfabrics,inadditiontovisualandmanualinspections,arebreakingstrength,burststrength,tearstrength,orotherdesiredphysicalproperties.Exceptasotherwisespecified,thedeterminationofthesepropertiesbeforeandafteragingshallbecarriedoutinaccordancewiththesetestmethods.
79.Apparatus
79.1Exceptasotherwisespecified,theapparatusshallconformtotheapparatussectionofTestMethodD573.80.TestSpecimens
80.1Preparespecimensasdescribedinthesetestmethods.Useatleastthreespecimenstodetermineboththeoriginalandagedphysicalproperties.
80.2Thematerialusedforidentifyingthetestspecimensshouldnotinjurethetestspecimensorbecomedestroyedduringaging.
81.ProcedureforAcceleratedAging
81.1Placethespecimensintheovenafterithasbeenpreheatedtotheoperatingtemperature.Thetestspecimensshallbefreefromstrain,freelyexposedonallsides,andnotexposedtolight.
81.2Theoperatingtemperaturemaybeanyelevatedstan-dardtemperatureasshowninPracticeD1349.
81.3Starttheagingintervalatthetimethespecimensareplacedintheovenandcontinueagingforameasuredtimeinterval.Theselectionofsuitableintervalswilldependontherateofdeteriorationoftheparticularcoatedfabricbeingtested.Intervalsfrequentlyusedareone,two,three,seven,orsomemultipleofsevendays.
81.4Attheterminationoftheagingperiod,removethespecimensfromtheoven,cooltoroomtemperature,andconditioninaccordancewiththesetestmethods.
82.PhysicalTestsofAgedSpecimens
82.1Testingshallbedoneinaccordancewiththesetestmethods.
83.Calculation
83.1Indeterminingthephysicalpropertiesafteraging,thefinalvalueshallbetheaverageofresultsfromthreespecimens.83.2Expresstheresultsoftheagingtestsasapercentofthechange,c,ineachphysicalproperty(breakingstrength,tearstrength,orburststrength),calculatedasfollows:
c5A2O/O3100
(2)
where:
O=originalvalueandA=valueafteraging.
84.Report
84.1Reportthefollowinginformation:
84.1.1TheresultscalculatedinaccordancewithSection83.84.1.2Allobservedandrecordeddataonwhichthecalcu-lationsarebased.
84.1.3Thetypeofagingtests.84.1.4Theaginginterval.84.1.5Theagingtemperature.
84.1.6Thenumberofspecimensexposedforeachpropertyundertest.
DEADLOADSEAMSTRENGTH
85.TestingEquipment
85.1Clamps–Theclampsforholdingthespecimensshallhavemetallicgrippingsurfaceswithminimalserrationtopreventthetestspecimenfromslippingormovingbetweenthegrippingsurfaceswhenheldunderthepressurenormaltooperate.Theclampdimensionsshallbegreaterthan1in.,perpendiculartotheapplicationoftheload.
85.2Tensiontestingmachine–Amechanismwhereinthespecimenisheldbetweentwoclampsandplacedunderconstantloadforarequiredperiodoftime.
85.3Circulatingairovencapableofmaintainingthespeci-fiedtemperaturewithin62degreesF.
85.4Machineefficiencyshallnotdeviatemorethan61%oftheload.
86.TestSpecimen
86.1Thespecimenshallbe1.006.02inchwide,paralleltotheseam,andextend3inchesinlength,perpendiculartotheseam,oneachsideoftheseam.Notwospecimensshallcontainthesamethreadsofthefabricinthedirectiontobetested.
87.Procedure
87.1Placethespecimenintheclampingdevicesotheseamiscenteredbetweentheclamps.Theclampsshallnotbefurtherthan1in.fromtheseamedge.Applythedesignatedloadunderconstanttensionaccordingtothespecificationfortherequiredperiodoftimeandtemperature.(Ifthespecificationrequirestestingatanelevatedtemperature,thespecimenmustbesubjectedtoaconstanttensionatthespecifiedtemperature).
Evaluatethespecimenwhileundertensionforjawslippage,breaks,andtears.Readjustthespecimenintheclampsifslippageoccurs.Discardspecimenswithbreakageandtears,retestusinganewspecimen.Somematerialsmayelongatebeyondthecapacityofthemachine.Inthesecases,ifreadjust-ingthespecimensintheclampsdoesnotallowforaconstanttension,thesematerialsareconsiderednon-testabletothismethod.Uponcompletionofthetests,ifliftingorseparationoftheseamhasoccurred,orthereinforcementmaterialintheseamareahasbeenaltered,thetestshallbereportedasafailure.Threespecimensshallbetestedforeachsampleunit.88.Report
88.1Thedeadloadseamstrengthshallbereportedaspassorfail,indicatingtheload,temperature,timeduration,andtheseamwidth.Failureofanyspecimenshallconstitutefailureofthistest.
DETERMINATIONOFBLOCKINGRESISTANCEOFFABRICSCOATEDWITHRUBBERORPLASTICSATELEVATEDTEMPERATURES89.Scope
89.1Thistestmethodisintendedfordeterminingtheresistanceoffabricscoatedwithrubberorplasticstoblockingatelevatedtemperatures.Theselectionoftheconditioningtimeandtemperaturewilldependonthetypesofcoatingtobeevaluated.Thisselectiondecideswhetheranacceleratedtem-peratureorsimulated(heat)testistobeused.
90.Apparatus
90.1TwoGlassPlates,approximately100by100by3mm(4by4by1⁄8in.).
90.2Mass,1.8kg(4.0lb).
90.3CirculatingAirOven,ofsuchasizethatthetotalvolumeofthetestpiecesdoesnotexceed10%ofthefreeairspaceoftheoven.
90.4Storage—Provisionsshallbemadeforplacingthespecimensundertestonshelvessotheyarenotwithin12mm(0.5in.)ofeachotherorthesidesoftheoven.
90.5Heat—Thesourceofheatisoptionalbutshallbelocatedintheairsupplyoftheagingchamberproper.
90.6AirCirculation—Provisionsshallbemadeforcircu-lationofairthroughtheovenandshallhaveaminimumofthreechangesperhour.
90.7Temperature—Thetemperatureoftheovenshallbethermostaticallycontrolledsothatthetestpiecesarekeptwithin61.1°C(62°F)ofthespecifiedtemperature.
90.8Bafflesshallbeusedasrequiredtopreventoverheatinganddeadspots.
91.TestSpecimens
91.1Testthree200-by200-mm(8-by8-in.)specimensfromeachsample.
92.Procedure
92.1Thespecimensshallbefoldeddouble,facetoface,thenbacktoback,makinga100-by100-mm(4-by4-in.)squareandplacedbetweentwoglassplates.The1.8-kg(4.0-lb)massshallbeplacedonthetopplateinapositiontoensureevenpressure.
92.2Unlessothertimesandtemperaturesarespecifiedinthematerialspecification,exposethespecimenfor6hatatemperatureof7061°C(15062°F).
92.3Attheendoftheexposureperiod,removethetestassemblyfromtheovenandimmediatelytakethespecimenfrombetweentheplatesandallowittocoolforaminimumof5min.Thenslowlyunfoldthespecimenandatthesametimecarefullyexamineitforevidenceofadheringorpeelingofthecoating.
92.4Evaluatetheresistanceofthespecimentoblockingbythescalegivenbelow:
1—NoBlocking.Clothsurfacesseparatewithoutanyevidenceofadhering.2—SlightBlocking.Clothsurfacesmustbeslightlypeeledtoseparate.3—Blocking.Clothsurfacesseparatewithdifficultyorcoatingisremovedduringseparation.
93.Report
93.1Reportthefollowinginformation:93.1.1Identificationofthespecimen.93.1.2Thetotalloadonthespecimen.93.1.3Theexposuretemperature.93.1.4Thelengthofexposure.
93.1.5Theratingofresistancetoblocking.
DETERMINATIONOFCRUSHRESISTANCEOFFABRICSCOATEDWITHRUBBERORPLASTICS94.Scope
94.1Thistestmethodoutlinesaprocedurefordeterminingthecrushorcuttingresistanceforfabricscoatedwithrubberorplastics.Itisapplicable,particularlytodiaphragmmaterialcutfromcoatedfabrics,tobeusedforautomotiveandregulatordevices.Forthispurpose,thecoatedfabricissubjectedtoacontrolledloadapplicationoveraspecifiedareauntilthefabriciscrushedorcutbytheloadingfixture.
94.2Theobservationofthecoatingforpossiblecuttingorpenetrationisalsoconsideredtobepartofthetest.
95.TestPieces
95.1Thetestpiecesshallbeatleast50mm(2.0in.)wideby200mm(8.0in.)long,andatleastthreespecimensshallbetestedfromeachsample.
96.Apparatus
96.1Theforceshallbeappliedtothisspecimenbyuseofthefollowingparts:
96.2BasePlate,havingthedimensionsshowninFig.6.96.3LoadButtonAssembly,havingthedimensionsshowninFig.7.
96.4CompressionTestingMachine—Acompressiontestingmachinehavingaspeedof0.083mm/s(0.0033in./s)maybeused.Anyothertypeofmachinethatwillmeettheserequire-mentsmaybeused.Forexample,aplatformscaleequippedwithayokeovertheplatformandahand-operatedscrewtoapplytheforcewillserveifitwillconformtotherequirementsprescribedforaccuracyandspeed.Theloadsourceshouldhaveatotalcapacityofatleast5400N(1200lbf).
96.5ForceRecordingMechanisms—Acalibrateddialwithamaximumpointerorastripcharttoindicateforcerequiredtocrushorcutfabric.Unlessotherwisespecifiedforforce
FIG.6CrushTestPlate
determination,themachineshallbeadjustedsothatthemaximumforcerequiredtocrushorcutthespecimencanreadilybedetectedbythemaximumpointerorcanbereadfromthestripchart.
96.6MachineEffıciency—Theerrorofthemachineshallnotexceed2%uptoandincluding200N(50lbf)and1%over200Natanyreadingwithinitsloadingrange.
97.Procedure
97.1PlacethebaseplateinFig.6ontheplatformoftheapparatusthatwillsupplytheforce,andplacethetestspecimenonthebaseplate.
97.2PlacetheloadbuttoninFig.7onthetestspecimenwiththerecessedenddownandatleast12.0mm(0.50in.)fromanyedgeofthespecimen.Applytheforcetothebuttonattherateof0.083mm/s(0.0033in./s)untiladeflectionisnotedonthemaximumpointerorontheforcecurveofthechart.Recordtheforcerequiredtocrushorcutthefabric.Repeatthisprocedureatleasttwoadditionaltimesonanewareaofthespecimennocloserthan12mm(0.5in.)totheprevioustestarea.
NOTE11—Ifthespecimenofmaterialtobetestedhasanunbalancedcoating,thesidehavingthethickercoatingshallbefacingupward.
97.3Fabriccrushingorcuttingcanreadilybedetectedby
98.1.5Theforcerequiredtocrushorcutspecimens.
98.1.6Theconditionofthecoatingafterforcehasbeenapplied.
WICKINGOFCOATEDCLOTH
99.TestSpecimen
99.1Thespecimenshallbeapieceofcoatedfabric2.5cm(1in.)inwidthandnotlessthan8inchesinlength.Unlessotherwisespecifiedinthematerialspecification,threespeci-mensforthelongitudinalwickinghavingthelongerdimensionparalleltothelengthwisedirectionofthegoods,andthetransversewickinghavingthelongerdirectionparalleltothecrosswisedirectionofthegoods,shallbetestedfromeachsampleunit.Thespecimensshallbetakenuniformlyacrossthematerial.Notwospecimensshallcontainthesamethreadsofthefabricinthedirectiontobetested.
100.Apparatus
100.1Aonedm3(L)beakerorequivalentshallbefilledtoadepthof5cm(2in.)minimumwithatenpercentsolutionofwater-solubledye(contrastingwiththecolorofthebasefabricorcoating).
101.Procedure
101.1Hangthespecimensothatoneendinthelengthdirectionisimmersed2.5cm(1in.)intothewater/dyesolution.The2.5cm(1in.)ofspecimenshallbeimmersedcontinuouslyfor24hat70°F,50%humidity.Removethespecimenfromwater/dyesolution,blotdry.Usearulertomarkthespecimeninregularintervalsabovetheimmersionlineperpendiculartothespecimenlength.Usingarazorcutthroughthecoatingintothereinforcementmaterialatthemarkedintervals.Observeforstainofthebaseclothinthedirectionoftestusingalightedmagnifier.
102.Report
102.1Thelengthofwickingtothenearest1.6mm(1⁄16thin.)oneachindividualspecimen,directionoftest,andthenumberofyarnsateachintervalshallbereported.103.Keywords
103.1coatedfabrics;physicalproperties;rubber
NOTE1—Alldimensionsareinmillimetres.NOTE2—Breakallsharpedges.
NOTE3—Buttontobepressfitinplate.
FIG.7DiaphragmCrushTestButton
stretchingthespecimeninthedamagedarea.Thefabricwillhavenoticeablylessresistancetostretchingforthedamagedareaswhencomparedwiththeundamagedareas.98.Report
98.1Reportthefollowinginformation:98.1.1Identificationofthespecimens.98.1.2Themethodoftest.
98.1.3Theconditioningperiod.
98.1.4Thenumberofspecimenstested.
ANNEX
(MandatoryInformation)A1.PRECISIONTABLES
A1.1IntroductiontoPrecisionTables
A1.1.1AType1precisionwasevaluatedbypreparingstandardtestspecimensinonelaboratoryanddistributingthesespecimenstothelaboratoriesparticipatingintheinterlabora-torytest.Aseparatetestwasconductedoneachoftwotestdaysineachlaboratory.Thetestingwasdonein1983.
A1.1.2Atestresultasusedinthecalculationsforthe
precisionstatements(seeSection6)istheaverageofthenumberofspecimensrequiredunderthecorrespondingsectionofTestMethodsD751foranyoneday.
A1.1.3Thenumberofparticipatinglaboratoriesforeachofthetestsevaluatedforprecisionisindicatedatthebottomofeachtable.
A1.1.4Intheprecisiontablesgiveninthisannex,thesymbolsinthetablesareidentifiedasfollows:
srr(r)SRR(R)c=======withinlaboratorystandarddeviation.repeatability(inmeasurementunits).repeatability(inpercent).
betweenlaboratorystandarddeviation.reproducibility(inmeasurementunits).reproducibility(inpercent).Mooneytorqueunits.
A1.1.5Theprecisionofthesetestmethodsmaybeex-pressedintheformatofthefollowingstatementswhichusewhatiscalledthe“appropriatevalue”ofr,R,(r),or(R),thatis,thatvaluetobeusedindecisionsabouttestresults(obtainedwiththetestmethod).TheappropriatevalueisthatvalueofrorRassociatedwithameanlevelintheprecisiontablesforthatparticulartest,closesttothemeanlevelunderconsiderationatanygiventime,foranygivenmaterialinroutinetestingoperations.
A1.1.6Repeatability—Therepeatability,r,ofanyofthesetestmethodshasbeenestablishedastheappropriatevaluetabulatedintheprecisiontables.Twosingletestresults,obtainedundernormaltestmethodprocedures,thatdifferbymorethanthistabulatedr(foranygivenlevel)mustbeconsideredasderivedfromdifferentornonidenticalsamplepopulations.
A1.1.7Reproducibility—Thereproducibility,R,ofanyofthesetestmethodshasbeenestablishedastheappropriatevaluetabulatedintheprecisiontables.Twosingletestresultsobtainedintwodifferentlaboratories,undernormaltestmethodprocedures,thatdifferbymorethanthetabulatedR(foranygivenlevel)mustbeconsideredtohavecomefrom
differentornonidenticalsamplepopulations.
A1.1.8Repeatabilityandreproducibilityexpressedasapercentofthemeanlevel,(r)and(R),haveequivalentapplicationstatementsasaboveforrandR.Forthe(r)and(R)statements,thedifferenceinthetwosingletestresultsisexpressedasapercentofthearithmeticmeanofthetwotestresults.
A1.1.9TableA1.1andTableA1.2givetheprecisionresultsforgrabbreakingstrength(seeSections12-15).
A1.1.10TableA1.3andTableA1.4givetheprecisionresultsforcut-stripbreakingstrength(seeSections12-16).A1.1.11TableA1.5givestheprecisionresultsfordia-phragmburstingstrength(seeSections18-21).
A1.1.12TableA1.6andTableA1.7givetheprecisionresultsforpendulumtear,ProcedureA(seeSections27-32).A1.1.13TableA1.8andTableA1.9giveprecisionresultsfortonguetear,ProcedureB(seeSections33-36).
A1.1.14TableA1.10givestheprecisionresultsforhydro-staticresistance,ProcedureA(seeSections41-45).
A1.1.15TablesA1.11-A1.14giveprecisionresultsforpeeladhesion,warp,andfill,Sides1and2(seeSection51.1.1).A1.1.16TableA1.15andTableA1.16giveprecisionresultsforreinforcedcoatingpeeladhesion,warp,andfill(seeSection51.1.2).
A1.1.17TableA1.17andTableA1.18giveprecisionresultsforpercentchangeinbreakingstrengthafterheatagingofcutstripandgrabspecimens(seeSections77-84).
A1.1.18TheprecisionforthelowtemperaturebendtestcanbeobtainedbyreferencetoTestMethodD2136.
A1.1.19TheprecisionfortheotherindividualtestmethodscontainedinTestMethodsD751hasnotyetbeenevaluated.Whenthisworkisdone,theresultswillbegivenintabularformattheappropriatelocation(tablenumber)inthisannex.
TABLEA1.1Type1PrecisionResults—GrabBreakingStrength(Warp)AMaterialABC
AMeanLevel,N638.6541322.4655205.997
sr32.255118.699209.659
WithinLaboratory
r91.28235335.9190593.3353
(r)14.325.411.4SR130.956214.820421.254
BetweenLaboratory
R370.606607.9411192.148
(R)58.046.022.9
Thenumberoflaboratorieswasfive.
TABLEA1.2Type1PrecisionResults—GrabBreakingStrength(Fill)AMaterialABC
AMeanLevel,N561.2411251.5045031.819
sr39.351145.149165.792
WithinLaboratory
r111.3644410.7706469.1913
(r)19.832.89.3SR132.892267.719279.976
BetweenLaboratory
R376.083757.644792.331
(R)67.060.515.7
Thenumberoflaboratorieswasfive.
TABLEA1.3Type1PrecisionResults—CutStripBreakingStrength(Warp)AMaterialABC
AMeanLevel,N406.416819.2833367.448
sr20.64360.640152.890
WithinLaboratory
r58.42070171.6108432.6783
(r)14.420.912.8SR47.15766.446314.811
BetweenLaboratory
R133.455188.042890.916
(R)32.823.026.5
Thenumberoflaboratorieswasfour.
TABLEA1.4Type1PrecisionResults—CutStripBreakingStrength(Fill)AMaterialABC
AMeanLevel,N327.068735.4202986.836
sr18.70861.930125.150
WithinLaboratory
r52.94376175.2621354.1755
(r)16.223.811.9SR52.25483.219345.131
BetweenLaboratory
R147.877235.508976.720
(R)45.232.032.7
Thenumberoflaboratorieswasfour.
TABLEA1.5Type1PrecisionResults—BurstingStrengthDiaphragmTestAMaterialAB
AMeanLevel,MPa
1.513.37
sr0.2270.082
WithinLaboratory
r0.6420.232
(r)42.56.9SR0.1980.248
BetweenLaboratory
R0.5580.70
(R)36.920.8
Thenumberoflaboratorieswasthree.
TABLEA1.6Type1PrecisionResults(ProcedureA)—PendulumTear(Fill)AMaterial31245
AMeanLevel,N
3.025.797.4214.9821.2
WithinLaboratoryBetweenLaboratory
(r)71.226.930.916.45.7
sr0.760.550.810.870.43
r2.151.562.292.461.22
SR0.630.4970.7500.9812.27
R1.781.412.122.786.43
(R)58.924.328.718.530.3
Thenumberoflaboratorieswasfour.
TABLEA1.7Type1PrecisionResults(ProcedureA)—PendulumTear(Warp)AMaterial31245
AMeanLevel,N
3.476.766.8411.428.0
WithinLaboratoryBetweenLaboratory
(r)63.628.525.26.54.5
sr0.780.680.610.260.45
r2.211.921.730.741.27
SR0.680.7510.480.6181.66
R1.932.121.371.754.69
(R)55.631.42.0015.316.8
Thenumberoflaboratorieswasfour.
TABLEA1.8Type1PrecisionResults(ProcedureB)—TongueTear(TransverseorFill)AMaterial51324
AMeanLevel,N
4.66.98.572.580.9
WithinLaboratoryBetweenLaboratory
(r)44.334.023.324.919.7
sr0.720.830.706.375.64
r2.042.351.9818.016.0
SR2.601.611.3513.822.3
R7.364.563.8338.963.0
(R)160.066.045.153.777.9
Thenumberoflaboratorieswasfour.
TABLEA1.9Type1PrecisionResults(ProcedureB)—TongueTear(WarporLongitudinal)AMaterial51342
AMeanLevel,N
4.77.17.376.981.2
WithinLaboratoryBetweenLaboratory
(r)51.241.115.18.113.0
sr0.851.030.392.203.73
r2.412.921.106.2310.6
SR2.371.491.5219.111.7
R6.704.224.2953.933.1
(R)143.059.458.870.040.8
Thenumberoflaboratorieswasfour.
TABLEA1.10Type1PrecisionResults(ProcedureA)—HydrostaticResistance(ProcedureA)AMaterial312
AMeanLevel,kPa
2540.02850.03170.0
sr520.0263.0858.0
WithinLaboratory
r1472.0744.02428.0
(r)58.026.176.6SR979.0478.0690.0
BetweenLaboratory
R2771.01352.01953.0
(R)109.047.461.6
Thenumberoflaboratorieswasfour.
TABLEA1.11Type1PrecisionResults—PeelAdhesion(WarpSide1)(See51.1.1)AMaterialABCD
AMeanLevel,N
38.96451.02858.51166.446
WithinLaboratoryBetweenLaboratory
(r)3.18.839.92.7
sr0.4261.5938.2570.645
r1.2049274.50934823.368281.825647
SR1.1358.0647.2902.116
R3.21322.82120.6665.988
(R)8.244.735.39.0
Thenumberoflaboratorieswasfour.
TABLEA1.12Type1PrecisionResults—PeelAdhesion(WarpSide2)(See51.1.1)AMaterialABCD
AMeanLevel,N
39.73846.25467.73670.058
WithinLaboratoryBetweenLaboratory
(r)6.318.83.825.8
sr0.8903.0770.9036.380
r2.5193938.7083362.55590618.05565
SR1.6396.0644.6908.322
R4.63717.16113.29623.553
(R)11.737.119.633.6
Thenumberoflaboratorieswasfour.
TABLEA1.13Type1PrecisionResults—PeelAdhesion(FillSide1)(See51.1.1)AMaterialABCD
AMeanLevel,N
38.83550.25454.64061.091
WithinLaboratoryBetweenLaboratory
(r)8.616.120.022.7
sr1.1872.8643.8714.890
r3.3591908.10587310.9538813.83840
SR1.2452.9873.2454.529
R3.5238.4539.19912.816
(R)9.116.816.821.0
Thenumberoflaboratorieswasfour.
TABLEA1.14Type1PrecisionResults—PeelAdhesion(FillSide2)(See51.1.1)AMaterialABCD
AMeanLevel,N
38.19045.35159.22167.349
WithinLaboratoryBetweenLaboratory
(r)8.08.917.418.7
sr1.0771.4193.6324.445
r3.0488304.01642310.2783912.57870
SR2.1874.8256.1614.361
R6.18913.65617.46612.341
(R)16.230.129.518.3
Thenumberoflaboratorieswasfour.
TABLEA1.15Type1PrecisionResults—ReinforcedCoatingPeelAdhesion(Warp)(See51.1.2)AMaterialABCD
AMeanLevel,N12.12830.32039.674109.023
WithinLaboratoryBetweenLaboratory
(r)33.334.922.715.0
sr1.4263.7353.1875.761
r4.03468010.570499.01869616.30302
SR2.47112.5154.8648.773
R6.99235.41813.79024.829
(R)57.7116.834.822.8
Thenumberoflaboratorieswasfive.
TABLEA1.16Type1PrecisionResults—ReinforcedCoatingPeelAdhesion(Fill)(See51.1.2)AMaterialABCD
AMeanLevel,N
12.12834.44935.09466.704
WithinLaboratoryBetweenLaboratory
(r)91.815.939.48.9
sr3.9351.9354.8832.090
r11.136445.47694113.820145.915096
SR6.6451.81312.58012.322
R18.8045.13035.66334.870
(R)155.014.9101.652.3
Thenumberoflaboratorieswasfour.
TABLEA1.17Type1PrecisionResults—PercentChangein
BreakingStrength“CutStrip”
Material
AverageLevel−10.52.91.7−11.62.23.5
WithinLaboratory
BetweenLaboratory
sr12.812.94.02.9410.95.21
r36.136.311.38.323.0714.8
SR15.618.64.09.0714.69.00
R44.252.611.325.741.325.4
PartA:Warp123PartB:Fill123
TABLEA1.18Type1PrecisionResults—PercentChangein
BreakingStrength“Grab”
Material
AverageLevel−7.9−3.6−3.2−14.7−3.2−2.6
WithinLaboratory
BetweenLaboratory
sr6.904.903.826.534.389.39
r19.513.810.818.512.426.6
SR8.144.886.146.539.869.63
R23.013.817.418.527.927.3
PartA:Warp123PartB:Fill123
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