1. 词性转换
2. collect – collection I have collected some stamps. I have a stamp collection. 3. communicate – communication (with) 4. add – addition (in addition to = besides) 5. explain – explanation 6. describe – description
7. attend (go to / be present at ) – attention attend to = pay attention to 8. operate – operation (on)
9. suggest – suggestion(s) suggest doing / that sb. should do 10. organize – organization (be organized / by organizing) 11. invent – invention 12. invite – invitation
13. act – action动作—actor – actress – activity – active – actively （take an active
part in = take part in … actively）
14. locate – location – located (be located in = lie / stand What is the location
of …?= where is …located ?= What is the address of …?)
15. attract – attraction – attractive – attracted(被动) （The students were attracted by
the pop song star. / The pop song star is attractive to the students.） 16. pollute – pollution –polluted (air pollution polluted air)
17. interest – interested – interesting excite – excited – exciting (The film interests
me. = The film is interesting to me. / I am interested in the film. / The film makes me interested.宾语补足语)
18. please—pleased – pleasing/ pleasant – pleasure(It is a pleasure to do… It is
pleasing to do …)
19. bear – bore – born (I was born in Shanghai.) bore – bored – boring
(uninteresting / dull)
20. puzzle – puzzled – puzzling
21. fright 害怕—frighten – frightened(scared) – frightening (Don’t frighten me. A
frightening film)
22. worry – worried – worriedly (about)(Don’t worry about me./ Don’t be worried
about me. My mother asked me this question worriedly.)
23. hurry – hurried – hurriedly (I am hurrying home.= I am going home hurriedly / in
a hurry)
24. big – bigger – biggest fat – fatter – fattest thin – thinner – thinnest 25. far – farther / farthest – further / furthest(far from --- near to / close to) 26. good – better – best well – better – best (well = healthy 形容词)
27. bad – badly ----- worse – worst ill – worse – worst (be good at – be better at
do well in – do better in)
28. happy – happier – happiest – happiness (heavy) 29. happily – more happily – most happily (heavily)
30. 1 2 3 5 9 12 20 (first second third fifth ninth twelfth
twentieth two-thirds of the students are… / of the water is…)
31. noise – noisy – noisily （There is less noise in my new flat. Our classroom is
less noisy than yours.）
32. breathe – breath (hold my breath)
33. harm – harmful – harmless (be harmful to = do harm to/ be bad for) 34. produce – product
35. nature – natural culture – cultural agriculture – agricultural automatic –
automatically nation – national – nationality person – personal – personally(by oneself) -- personality electricity – electric（通电的） – electrical (和电有关的) electron – electronic 36. comfort – comfortable – comfortably
37. begin – beginning (at the beginning of – at the end of in the end = at last /
finally / eventually)
38. taste – tasty (= delicious) windy rainy sunny funny(funnier) (What fun it is! How
funny it is!)
39. chemistry – chemical 40. physics – physical
41. 反身代词； 物主代词（形容词性物主代词—不可单独出现，必须与名词构
成统一整体；名词性物主代词—单独出现，是一种省略用法。 This is my book. = This book is mine. 宾格（动词后或介词后 help me ; with me） 42. cross – across – crossing十字路口 pass – past
43. tooth – teeth mouse – mice city – cities potato—potatoes hero – heroes
(有生命o+es) photo – photos(无生命o+s) child – children half – halves
44. freeze – froze-- frozen（形状）– freezing(温度低，感受冷)(The water outside
froze yesterday.= became ice/ turned into ice)
45. know – knowledge – unknown (be known to / be unknown to I don’t know it. =
I have no idea of it.)
46. honest(形容词)—honesty (名词)—dishonest 47. happy – unhappy (he is unhappy, isn’t he?)
48. possible – impossible – possibly (He ___possibly__ knows you. It is
__impossible___ for you to work it out.
49. usual – unusual – usually (be unusual; usually does …) 50. polite – impolite – politely (be impolite; politely does…) 51. patient – impatient.
52. develop – development – developing – developed
53. mean – meant – meaning (What does the word mean? = What is the meaning of
the word? What do you mean by that?)
54. 加ly true – truly -le ----- -ly (probable – probably) brave – bravely wide
– widely (widen The street will be widened soon.)
55. monthly day – daily (everyday life; go to school every day.) friendly lovely ---
形容词（look lovely/ nice /beautiful）
56. serve – servant – service assist – assistant accountant 57. fool – foolish
58. 名词+ful careful / careless wonder – wonderful (one of the wonders)
power – powerful useful / useless thank – thankful (thank sb. for doing / be thankful to sb. for doing)
59. visible – invisible sense – sensible ability – able / unable / enable
60. different – difference important – importance
61. difficult – difficulty(ies) (名词) honest—honesty beautiful – beauty healthy
– health（名词）
62. die – dead – death – dying lie – lay – lain lay 放置—laid – laid 63. sell – sale
64. kind – kindness ill –illness happiness carelessness 65. decide – decision discuss – discussion
66. tour – tourist science – scientist cycle – cyclist piano – pianist ) 67. music – musician library – librarian Italy – Italian Canada – Canadian) 68. France – French Greece – Greek 69. secret – secretary
70. free – freely – freedom wise – wisdom 71. enter – entrance
72. save – safe – safely – safety ------ dangerous – dangerously – danger 73. receive – reception
74. fill – full (be filled with = be full of) I. 句型和搭配： 1. make / let / have/ had better /would rather do (不加to) 2. tell / ask / warn / want sb. to do (not to do)
want to do = would like to do / feel like doing想要做 like to do / doing
3. stop doing 正在做（做过）/ to do去做(还未做) 4. +ing suggest doing go on doing / keep doing / not stop doing finish
doing enjoy doing mind doing (介意) Would you mind my smoking? (Of course not./ Certainly not / Not at all/ Sure.----- You’d better not / I am afraid you may not./ I am afraid not) look forward to doing
5. go on doing 做过了/ to do 还未做 6. see / hear / feel sb. do (doing) (doing过程，正在做; do 结果或事实，做过
的，做了) Ｉsaw him __watching___ TV when I got to his home. 7. something / anything / nothing +形容词+enough There is something wrong with your bike. He is strong enough to carry the box.
8. He is the tallest in my class. = He is taller than any other student (单数)in my
class. / He is taller than the other students in my class. / He is taller than anybody else in my class. / Nobody else is taller than he in my class. 姚明is taller than any student in my class.
9. all – none both – neither 10. everybody / everyone / nobody / no one / anybody / anyone (表示人的不定代
词不加of)
11. every of 错 each of 对 12. none the students错（不可做形容词）none of the students 对（可以做代词）
None of the boys is able to ….
13. none 与nothing （none有所指；nothing 无所指 None of us knows it.
There is nothing in my pocket.
14. 剩余的全部the other(s) 剩余的部分another (数字) 无数字，无范围：
15. 16. 17. 18.
19.
20.
21. 22.
23.
24. 25. 26.
27.
28.
other(s) some…others (固定)
He succeeded / was successful in it by reading a lot of books. – How did he succeed?
manage to do = succeed in doing try to do = fail to do / fail in …(He tried to pass the test. = he failed to pass the test. / He failed in the test, didn’t he?) 否定词hardly never seldom / rarely nothing none little few
It is one and a half hours’(ninety minutes’/ a ninety-minute) walk / ride/ flight. --- how far is it? --------- It takes me one and a half hours to get there. = I spend one and a half hours in getting there. ------- How long does it take you to get there? / How long do you spend to get there? 花钱：I spent twenty yuan on a book (to buy禁止用) = I paid twenty yuan for a book. / A book cost me twenty yuan.-------- How much did you spend on a book? / How much did you pay for a book? / How much did a book cost you? / What is the price of the book?
How high is the mountain? = What is the height of the mountain? How heavy is the bag? = what is the weight of the bag? How long is the street? = What is the length of the street? How many students are there in your class? = What is the number of students of your class? How many people are there in your class?= What is the population of China? How large are your clothes/ shoes? = What is the size of your clothes / shoes? Where is he from? = Where does he come from ? / What is his nationality?
What a happy job it is! What happy work it is! (不可数：weather; advice; news; information; 物质名词) How quickly he runs! (看到副词，肯定how) sometime某一时间（句尾）He will visit you sometime next week. some time一段时间 sometimes 有时候(句子前部) He sometimes goes home late. some times 几次
much / even / still / far / a little +比较级(much fatter; much more quickly ) much + too 形容词（much too tired对 much tired错） too much / so much +不可数 so many / too many +可数
look / smell / taste / sound/ feel +形容词/like he looks tall. The tree looks like an animal. – What does the tree look like/ How does the tree look? be careful with 提防（有危险的） be careful of 关心= take care of / care for different from --- the same 名词as (similar to) I am as old as you. = I am the same age as you. As high as = the same height as as heavy as = the same weight as as long as = the same length as as wide as = the same width as as expensive as = the same price as (high price)
宾语从句：陈述句语序 He asks whether / if it will be fine tomorrow./ He asks what he will do (he did / he does) after school. / He asks what is wrong with you. / He asks what made you become a farmer. / He asks what to do (what you should do)(how to do it/ where to do it/ when to do it / why to do it / what to say.) so that 目的（以便）He got up early so that he could catch the plane. = He got up early enough to catch the plane. / he got up early in order to ( so as to) catch the plane.
结果（以致）He got up so late that he missed the plane (= didn’t catch the plane) = He got up too late to catch the plane) / He didn’t get up early enough to catch the plane. 29. 情态动词can – can’t may – may not / mustn’t（aren’t allowed to） must –
needn’t should – shouldn’t ought to – oughtn’t to (must = have to / need to do -------- needn’t = don’t have to / don’t need to ) need sth. – don’t need sth.需要—不需要
30. He’s late(形容词) for school, isn’t he? He’s your friend(名词), isn’t he?
He’s never been(过去分词) to Britain, has he? Don’t make any noise, will you? Let’s go to France, shall we? There is something wrong with the computer, isn’t there? There we can buy French products, can’t we? -------回答（变成一般疑问句回答）
31. 介词搭配： thank sb. for doing ; be familiar with/to ; be similar to; be
famous for / in; be made into被制作成 / for为谁做 / of 用看得见材料/ from用看不见的材料 ； be made up of / consist of; a leader in art and culture; throughout the world; such as = like; on his own ; with one’s own eyes; in his own words; in English / blue; be free to ; agree with sb. / to do ; be harmful to = be bad for; be useful to = be good for; be good to = be friendly to/ be kind to; on Christmas Day = at Christmas give / offer sth.to sb. make / draw / buy sth for sb. provide sth for sb. = provide sb. with sth; be responsible for; be in charge of / take charge of; among; between; along = down; besides; except / but; give it to me (give me it错)； make it for me; show sb. around; work out = solve ; work on = deal with / do with (what to do with/ how to deal with) ; climb it up; look it up; pick it up; work it out.
32. 连词 until 直到才结束 not, until 直到才开始（He will run after he finishes his homework. = He won’t run until he finishes his homework. He ran after he finished his homework. = He didn’t run until he finished his homework. ） because 句子/ because of 名词（…because he is ill/ because of his illness） since = now that 既然（可以句首）
When / while / as soon as not only , but also ( as well as) = both, and (neither, nor) either, or
33. How soon / how often / how long / how far / how much / what / which /
who / whose / whom 34. 应答：Congratulations! (= well done/ Good job. / You deserved it (to win/ to
pass) / That’s wonderful news! /I am delighted for you!
Oh, I am sorry! ( = What a shame/ what a pity/ that’s terrible/ how awful!) You’d better not smoke. --- I will take your advice. Would you mind my smoking? (Of course not / certainly not/ Not at all/ sure ------ You’d better not/ I am afraid not)
Thank you – You are welcome. / My pleasure/ It’s a pleasure/ Not at all. Shall we go traveling? =Why not / don’t you go traveling—That’s a good idea.
35. go off 突然响起 get off下车（get on） go out 出去；熄灭（The light went
out.= They turned off the light.） keep off 远离 put off 推迟 take off
36. 37.
38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49. 50. 51. 52.
脱衣服，起飞（put on）
rise +/ (rose / risen) raise +名词
He died last year. = He has been dead for a year / since last year. He left for Britain (British) last year.= He has been away for Britain since last year. I joined the League last month. = I have been a League member / have been in the League for a month. My mother came back home yesterday. = My mother has been back home for day. My mother came back to Shanghai yesterday. = My mother has been back in Shanghai for a day. I borrowed 50 yuan yesterday. = I have kept 50 yuan for a day. I have bought a melon yesterday. = I have had a melon for a day.
one of +最高级/ 复数 (one of the most interesting films a friend of mine)
数字 about / over / more than / only two hundred boys hundreds of boys (two hundred of the boys / two hundred of them / us)
a large number of +可数 huge amounts of / an amount of +不可数 lots of / a lot of 通用
the number/ the population of… is (was) 300 a number of = a large number of students are.
used to do = often did be used to doing 被动be used to do / for doing go home in a hurry / hurriedly (状语) I heard the news in surprise./ in amazement. = I was surprised / amazed to hear the news.
go home go to his home on my way home on my way to his home go home on foot = walk home go to school by bike = ride to school go to school by bus = take a bus to school
without sth/ doing sth.(可以都发生) instead of sth / doing sth. (不可都发生) He went out without having breakfast. He went out instead of staying at home.
Shanghai held the Expo. – The Expo was held in Shanghai. (The Expo took place in Shanghai.) We will hold a meeting. ---- A meeting will be held. ( A meeting will take place)
Great changes have taken place in Shanghai. (Shanghai has taken place great changes错)= There have been great changes in Shanghai. (there is a book. There have books错) = Shanghai has changed a lot.
He’s dinner at home, doesn’t he? He’s had dinner, hasn’t he? He’s my friend, isn’t he? He’s late for school, isn’t he? He’s a book, hasn’t he/ doesn’t he? He’s gone to Beijing, hasn’t he?
enjoy yourself = have a good time/ enjoy your time/ have a wonderful time/ enjoy your stay in…
help yourself/ yourselves to … = have sth. 随便用 （help yourselves to the fruit, everyone.
He wrote to me as soon as possible (= as soon as he could )
He had dinner.—He didn’t have dinner. Both of us have been there. --- Neither of us has been there. All of us have been there. – None of us have / has been there. Both he and I have been there. --- Neither he nor I have
been there. I have something to tell you. – I have nothing to tell you. / I don’t have anything to tell you.
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