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全新版大学英语综合教程 4（第二版）习题
答案
Unit 1
Vocabulary I.
1. 1) alliance 3) stroke 5) minus
7) declarations 9) raw
11) have taken their toll 2. 1) is faced with
3) is pressing on / pressed on 5) get by
7) have cut back
2) at the cost of 4) limp 6) regions 8) siege
10) bide his time 12) in the case of
2) get bogged down 4) drag on 6) dine out 8) get through
3. 1) lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future
2) has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers' strike
3) will/should never get in the way of her career 4) caught the foreign minister off guard
5) of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date/obsolete 4. 1) Being faced with ⋯ the occupation of ⋯ regions
2) crucial to ⋯ efficient ⋯ to reckon with ⋯ weaken ⋯ be brought to a halt 3) a heroic ⋯ the decisive ⋯ turned the tide ⋯ siege ⋯ by launching
II. More Synonyms in Context
1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.
2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.
3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words .
4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather. III. Usage 1) fall ill
2) lay dead at home for two weeks 3) dropped dead from a heart attack 4) fell asleep.
5) marrying young
6) to sit still for longer than a few minutes Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze
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2) stand in the way 1. 1) invasion
4) catching ... off his guard 3) Conquest
6) declaration 5) launching
8) drag on
7) campaign 10) bringing ... to a halt 9) reckon with 2) reckoned
4) forecasts 2. 1) allow
6) instant 3) highly
8) advantage
5) rapidly
10) powerful
7) delivery
9) observing II. Translation
1. 1) Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.
2) We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.
3) Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.
4) Sam, as the project manager, isd ecisive, efficient , and accurate in his judgment. 5) Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it downa t the cost of 100 jobs.
2. The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy at night and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion
commander decided to take a gamble . By a stroke of luck, thanks to the severely cold weather which made the marshland freeze over, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy,c aught off guard , soon surrendered.
Unit 2
Vocabulary I.
1. 1) expansion 5) hazards 9) bunched 2. 1) send out 5) starting up
3) vapor 4) take control of 2) automated
7) vibrated 8) magnetic 6) satellite
11) got/was stuck in 12) approximately
10) in the air
3) pass for 4) were closing in on
2) stand up for 7) fill out 8) fall into 6) went through
3. 1) incorporates all the latest safety features 2) two trees ten feet apart
3) awarding lucrative contracts to his construction firm
4) the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars 5) are correlated in all racial groups
4. 1) the application ⋯ remote ⋯ has turned into a reality ⋯ are poised to 2) that vibrate ⋯ can detect⋯ frequency
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3) lanes ⋯ are mounted in ⋯ alert a ⋯ hazard II. Word Formation
Clipped Words Blends kilo kilogram Medicare medical care memo memorandum email electronic mail gym gymnasium comsat communications satellite lib liberation newscast news broadcast doc doctor skyjack sky hijack vet veterinarian Eurodollar European dollar prep preparatory brunch breakfast and lunch auto automobile telecast television broadcast flu influenza Oxbridge Oxford and Cambridge
III. Usage
1. swimming pool 2. drawing board 3. enriched Middle English 4. disturbing change 5. fully developed prototype 6. Canned foods 7. working population 8. puzzling differences Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze
1. 1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5) hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease
12) eliminate 14) mounted 11) calculate 13) getting stuck in 16) vapor 15) detect
2) related 2. 1) generates 4) enabled 3) revolutionized 6) overall 5) opportunities 8) dependent 7) manufacturing 10) fatalities 9) interact
II. Translation
1. 1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.
2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problem.
3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.
4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minute recently.
5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.
2. Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars
makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the
engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic
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jams.
Unit 3
Language Sense Enhancement
1. (1) checked with
(2) interview (3) grill (4) clippings
(5) be right for (9)
(6) follow up (7) indicating (8) hand-delivered
prepared
(10) prospective Vocabulary I.
1. 1) rude
2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference 5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling 7) measurable
8) prospective
9) preparations 10) sparkled 2. 1) go after 2) look back at/on 11) took a crack at 12) partner
5) build in 6) follow up
3) be put up
4) stood for 7) be hooked up to 8) closed up
3. 1) grilled her about where she had been all night
2) beyond Cinderella's wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the King palace 3) will be in readers ' hands soon
4) do your homework before going on an interview 5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars 4. 1) applicants ⋯ veteran ⋯ the prospective
2) From his standpoint ⋯ has made every endeavor to go after 3) as the saying goes⋯ to have a crack at⋯ barely II. Words with Multiple Meanings
1. behave 2. keep (used to avoid repetition) 3. clean 4. get along 5. perform/complete 6. perform/complete 7. study 8. be enough 9. be acceptable III. Usage
1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. OK, I myself first. 2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way, I have something here for you.
3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the daily newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?
4. I ' m going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes. By the way, I will see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai.
5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible? 6. Chris is back from Australia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful. Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze
1. 1) prospective 2) As I see it 3) done your homework
4) beforehand 5) endeavor 6) structure
ll talk about
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7) partners 8) Respond 9) take a crack
(11) make a difference 12) follow up 10) from the standpoint
3) relevant 4) samples 2. 1) encouraging 2) inquiry
7) preparing 8) seriously 5) references 6) advice
9) probably 10) exhibit II. Translation
1. 1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.
2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) that she had undergone two plastic surgeries.
3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together, we have the future in our hands.
4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have made better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.
5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.
2. Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a differences in his chance of success.
I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a year in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don't have much of a chance of success.
Unit 4
Vocabulary
I.
1. 1) advantageous 2) let alone 3) witnessing ⋯ vanishing 4) landmark 5) entitled 6) displace 7) Establishment 8) patriotic ⋯ strengthen 9) contradictions 10) aspires 11) divorced 12) pendulums 2. 1) come to 2) dozed off 3) believed in 4) was set apart
5) take in 6) sucks in 7) clean up 8) turn away
3. 1) makes no / little difference whether we go there by train or by bus 2) overtaken General Motors as the world ' s biggest car maker
3) at odds with his wife over money matters
4) been at the forefront of nanotechnology research
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5) let alone cook a meal
4. a) is increasingly ⋯ to accelerate⋯ their investment
b) economy ⋯ make an earnest⋯ domestic ⋯ strike a balance between c) a handful of ⋯ be endorsed by⋯ on a large scale II. Word Formation WTO World Trade Organization GDP ATM VAT CAD IT IDD MTV Radar IOC gross domestic product automated teller machine value-added tax computer-aided design information technology international direct dialing music television radio detecting and ranging International Olympic Committee 世界贸易组织 国内生产总值 自动出纳机 增值税 计算机辅助设计 信息技术 国际直拨电话 音乐电视 雷达 国际奥委会 贵宾，大人物 VIP Laser CPU very important person light amplification by stimulated emission ofradiation 激 光 central processing unit 中央处理器 III. Usage 1) An unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday.
2) The reason( he gave) that he didn ' t notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory. 3) Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.
4) Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon. Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze
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1. 1) academics 3) a variety of 5) vanish 7) endorsing
9) sweeping aside
2) networking 4) growth 6) facilitate 8) outlook 10) patriotic
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11) erasing 12) strike a balance 2. 2. effects 1. aided 4. connected 3. distances 6. features 5. invested 8. qualitatively 7. prevailing 10. Distinguishing 9. volume II. Translation 1. 1) Due to his pessimistioc utlook on the European
economy, John has moved ahsis ets from Europe toe lsewhere.
2) I like hiring young people. They aerea rnest learners andc ommitted to work.
3) Unlike her girl friends who center their lives on their children, Mary cares more about her personal growth.
4) Why is it that a considerable number of colleagues area t odds with you?
5) The Chinese government has introduced a variety of policies to strengthen cooperation with developing countries.
2. Globalization has great implications for young Chinese. For example, young farmers are moving on a large scale to urban areas to look for jobs. And for those young people who aspire to study abroad or work in foreign-invested enterprises, English has become increasingly important. At the same time, a considerable number of overseas Chinese
students have returned home in recent years, for they hold an optimistic outlook for the long-term growth of the Chinese economy. The Internet has strengthened the links between Chinese young people and those elsewhere. They follow the latest trend and copy foreign fashions. Some of them don for traditional Chinese virtues, let alone carry them forward, which has given rise to worries that the traditional Chinese culture might one day vanish.
Unit 5
Vocabulary I.
1. 1) In a way 2) in accordance with 5) transparent 6) rub
9) with (a) bad grace 10) instinct 3) brought back 4) go about 7) turning ⋯ over 8) took ⋯ aback
4) in good condition 3. 1) has a very weak constitution --- she may 3) vacancy
8) hitherto 7) spicy
not be able to survive the operation.
12) current 11) pawned
t seem to care
2) was taken aback by the insurance company' 2. 1) turned up 2) will stick to
5) driving at 6) put ⋯ away sre jection of my compensation claim 3) was something of a surprise when we ran into each other in a place like that. 4) needs trimming/ to be trimmed --- it ' s getting too long. 5) are often deceptive
4. 1) Oddly enough ⋯ went broke ⋯ wrinkled ⋯ he had gone all to pieces 2) definite ⋯ is capable of ⋯ her vanity 3) too mild ⋯ sipping ⋯ stroke
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II. Usage 1. Except for 5. except to III. vocabulary AmE apartment can candy elevator faculty first floor gas, gasoline mail railroad pants subway corn 2. except that 3. except 4. except when 6. except what 7. except where 8. except that
spelling AmE favorable paralyze labor meter catalog leveling theater defense plow program practice (v.) characterize BrE flat tin sweets lift staff (of a university) ground floor petrol post railway trousers tube, underground maize BrE favourable paralyse labour metre catalogue levelling theatre defence plough programme practise characterise store shop tire tyre (on a car) Comprehensive exercises I. Cloze 1. 1) insane 2) current 3) candid 4) capable 5) was taken aback 6) in good condition 7) constitution 8) go all to pieces
11) mild9) gone broke 10) vacancy
2. 1) suspected 2) pleading 12) deceptive
3) confirmed 4) stunned 5) lucrative 6) jewellery 7) wealthy
8) urge 9) spell 10) arrested 1. 1) I have an instinct II. Translation
that Henry will seek to join the expedition, because he
is something of an adventurer.
2) He is capable of sticking to the task at hand, even if he is exposed to noises. 3) The trademark was registeredin accordance with the laws hitherto in force.
4) Oddly enough , many people volunteered to help organize the meeting, but only a few turned up .
5) The teacher a'ffes ctionate words, along with his candid comments, changed the way Mike perceived the society and himself.
2. For my own part , I find that appearances are all too oftend eceptive. For instance, you might be wrong if you judged by appearanceso nly people like Edward Hyde Burton. In appearance, he seemed a mana ll of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes, gentle andc andid . Nevertheless, he turned out to be very cruel. He insulted and fooled Lenny who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture. What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent to Lenny' sd eath. Without doubt, Burton was a man with a heart of stone.
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Unit 6
Vocabulary
1. 1) appliances 2) comparative 3) multiply 4) distribution 5) prosperity 6) decorate 7) famine 8) large quantities of / a large quantity of 9) streamline 10) fax 11) pointed the way to 12) bewildered
4) wears 2. 1) eat into 2) cling to 3) stand out / stood out
away 5) set about 6) switch off 7) will be turned loose
8) poured in 3. 1) is forecast to be below average next year, which at the moment is 4 percent.
2) to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futile as rescuers were driven
out by the heat and flames.
3) was urged to divert some of its attention from expanding production and get more involved with issues of market demand.
4) can really eat heavily into your profits when you are selling suits at ￡900 and dresses at ￡2,000.
5) has toiled endlessly over the exercise machine for the last twenty years in order to keep her body in shape.
4. 1) reaction to ⋯ discontent ⋯ provoked 2) Convention ⋯ evading tax ⋯ the confines of
3) a burden ⋯ are always on the go / seem forever on the g⋯o to cope II. Confusable Words
1. 1) nervousness 2) tension 3) stress ⋯ stress 4) tension 2. 1) honorary 2) Honorable 3) honorable 4) honorary 5) honorable 6) Honorary III. Usage
1) Dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter. Is it sensible, we may ask, to spend large sums of money to save some specie–s be it an elephant or an orchid – in a nation in which a large proportion of the population is living below the poverty line?
2) This new technology could be used anywhere large numbers of people need to be quickly screened --- at airports, train stations, bus terminals or border crossings. However, experts suspect, there is also the risk that people will learn to fool the machine the same way they try to fool polygraph readings by controlling their breath or taking drugs to relax themselves.
3) With a high percentageo f marriages ending in divorce, often due to financial difficulties, you would say that money is a big factor in making a good marriage. But, believe it or not, it isn 'mt oney that ensures you a happy marriage; it is your philosophy of life that does.
4) Not all the risks on the Internet are sexual, you know. Sites promoting violence are just a click away, and may include instructions for making bombs and other destructive devices.
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Comprehensive Exercises
2) obliged 3) on the go 4) cope 1. 1) switch off
6) large quantity of 7) pouring in 8) by nature 5) shortage
10) futile 9) fraction
2) wisely 3) faithfully 4) waking 5) includes 2. 1) advantage
7) sticking 8) priorities 9) set 10) respect 6) schedule
Translation 1. 1) They are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an
attempt to find remedies for incurable diseases/ cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far. 2) Her unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my math teacher, never tried to cram knowledge into my head.
3) The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes of weather wherever we go on a trip.
4) The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the building. 5) In the modern world, there are more ways than ever to waste away time, and all kinds of distractions are eating into our precious time.
2. Today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, and to possess more. Lots of people hold the wrong perception that happiness lies in working hard and earning well / good money.
Many women today feel the same stress to work and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder the burden of domestic responsibilities.
Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to toil longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process.
Unit 7
Vocabulary: I.
2) nerves 3) solidarity 4) sacred ⋯ mourn 1. 1) divined
5) coated 6) perish 7) hijack 8) grief 9) farewell 10) take revenge on 11) revolves 12) denounced 2. 1) drop ⋯ off 2) applied for 3) went off 4) are gaining on
6) blotted out 7) think back on 8) picking at 5) bring down
3. 1) brought down the American housing market in 2008
2) what will happen after his son steps into his shoes? 3) not in the mood to go out
4) long before the market began to show signs of weakness 5) mourn the loss of the tranquil life we had in the countryside 4. 1) in the aftermath of ⋯ to blot our ⋯ the tragic 2) armed ⋯ at dust ⋯ accomplices ⋯ explosives 3) in the space of⋯ no illusion II. Collocation: 1. a little of 2. a few; most of / many of 3. much 4. few 5. many 6. many of 7. much of 8. little 9. few of 10. Some
III. Usage:
1. As the boy grew older
2. she sings as beautifully as a nightingale / sings like a nightingale
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3. they don ' t see themselves as servants of the people
4. As she had left her key in the office 5. Just do as you are told
6. Areas once regarded as rural 7. as they do in China
8. As he was brave and loyal as well Comprehensive Exercises: I. Cloze 1. 1) mood 2) tragic 3) in the ⋯ aftermath of
4) chaos 5) toppling 6) solidarity 7) take revenge on 8) thinking back on 9) mourning 10) perished 2. 1) crashed 2) horrible 3) harsh 4) protect 5) remove 6) utterly 7) truly 8) justify 9) rewarded 10) devastating II. Translation
1. 1) Some high-ranking officers of the armed forces started a coup, toppling the government and throwing the country into chaos.
2) The falling market shattered the illusion about getting rich quickly.
3) Thinking back on the history of World War II, we can see that the formation of the Allies was the natural product of the development of political and military circumstances then.
4) Paul felt stung when Jim called him a religious fanatic. But as he was in no mood for a quarrel/not in a quarreling mood, he simply pretended not to hear it.
5) People say that time heals all wounds. But for those who have lost their loved ones in the event, will time fill up the void in their hearts?
2. Today, long after the earthquake shook/hit my tome town, I can still recall, in crystal detail, what I saw as I ran out of my home with my parents. The building just across the street toppled right before our eyes, debris flew everywhere and a cloud of choking dust blotted out the sun. Horror-stricken people ran in all directions, crying and screaming.
Now, many years after that tragic event, a new town has risen on the wreckage of the old one. In the town square, a memorial has been build to remember those killed in the disaster. It seems the wounds in people ' s hearts have healed, but the memory will linger.
Unit 8
Vocabulary I. 1. 1) heap
2) was smeared
3) warmed
4) dissolve
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5) thrash 6) out of the way 9) get his hands on 10) opaque 11) at the edge of⋯ illumined 2. 1) take ⋯ apart 2) result from 5) come forward 6) woke up
7) hollows 12) hop
3) run out of 7) focused on
8) tangled
4) feed on 8) settled over
3. 1) was dying to see the movie bases on it
2) as a rule, the sheer distance mutes all sounds from the ground 3) fuss too much over details
4) slumped into an armchair (feeling) completely exhausted 5) was reputed to be the wittiest woman of her time 4. 1) swarmed to ⋯ the spectacular⋯ paddled
2) in the heart of ⋯ out of the range of ⋯ trailing over ⋯ gliding in 3) Day after day ⋯ strip ⋯ the heaving ⋯ slap II. Confusable Words
2) worthy 3) worthwhile 1. 1) worth
5) worthwhile 6) worthy 4) worth ⋯ worth
3) alone
2) alone 2. 1) lone 6) alone ⋯ lonely 5) lonely 4) lonely III. Usage 1. ice-cream
3. wines 4. cloth 2. teas 5. soap 6. beer 7. fuels 8. soils
9. sugars 7. fuels 10. grass
Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze
1. 1) are dying to
2) in the heart of 3) tangled 4) paddles 5) loop
6) out of sight 7) in flocks 8) hopping
9) gliding
10) opaque 11) thrashing 12) darting
13) swarms 14) spectacular 2. 1) running 2) fancy
4) exploring 3) incorporate 6) adventure 5) guide
8) diverse 7) rarely 10) lucky 9) survive II. Translation
1. 1) Janet was just the kind of girl Mike knew he could trust, so he bared his heart to her on their
first date.
2) At first the girls played on the fringe of the dark forest, now laughing, now screaming, but before long they were out of sight.
3) The moment the football players disembarked from the plane, they saw a fleet of cars waiting for their arrival.
4) Carson condemned his opponent for using misleading information to smear his character. 5) Alex gave the policeman a wallet stuffed with banknotes. He said he had found it on the curb when he hopped off his school bus.
2. Last Wednesday, my classmate Caroline and I visited Zhouzhuang, a well-known town looped all around by streams. When we arrived at the town, Caroline was so excited that she darted towards the first bridge she saw and began singing loudly there.
Suddenly her voice hushed when she found that she had startled a flock of ducks not too far from
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us. Now as Caroline was dying for a boat ride, we decided to tour the town by boat. Now loud, now soft, Caroline talked to all the creatures in the stream and was fussing about everything while I looked at the boats gliding over the water in silence. Though we did not see anything spectacular, we enjoyed every minute in the town that lies out of the range of the heavy traffic and noise of the large city.
Zhouzhuang is worth visiting and, time permitting, I ' d like to go there again.
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