牛津版英语八年级上册
Unit3-4
语法知识----形容词比较级与最高级 【教材典句】
1. Now computers are becoming smaller and better. 2. But it works at a much faster speed than my old one. 3. Which kind of computers are better, desktop or laptops? 4. This is the most expensive model. 【语法全解】
1. 形容词比较级和最高级的构成 （1）规则变化
构成 一般加-er，est 以不发音的e结尾的词，加-r，-st 辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i，再加-er，-est 重读闭音节词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加-er，-est 多音节词和部分双音节词，在原级前加more，most （2）不规则变化
old 原级 good/well bad/ill many/much little far 比较级 better worse more less farther further older elder 最高级 best worst most least farthest furthest oldest eldest interesting more interesting most interesting big bigger biggest 原级 long nice happy 比较级 longer nicer happier 最高级 longest nicest happiest
2. 形容词比较级和最高级的用法
（1）两者比较。表示“A比B更加...”时，使用句型“A+be+形容词比较级+than+B”。 My bike is newer than yours.
（2）三者或三者以上比较。表示“A最...”时，使用句型“A+be+the+形容词最高级+of/in...”。介词of后接与主语同一类的人或物的复数，in后接范围或场所。 Peter is the tallest of all the boys. Peter is the tallest in his class. 【拓展】
① 形容词比较级前可以用much, a little, a bit, even, far修饰。 He is much stronger than you. The patient feels a bit better today.
② 形容词最高级前一定要加定冠词the，但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、名词所有格等修饰词时，则不用定冠词the。 This is my busiest day.
The Changjiang River is China’s longest river. 3. 形容词原级的用法
表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。 （1）肯定句中的结构：“A...+as+形容词+as+B”。 English is as interesting as Chinese.
（2）否定句中的结构：“A...+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+B”。 I book isn’t as good as that one. 【拓展】
我们可以用(not) as +many+可数名词复数/much+不可数名词+as结构来比较数量。 He has as many clothes as his elder brother. I don’t spend as much time on cmputer as I can.
【语法专练】
1. Of all the subjects, Maths seems to be _______ for me.
A. difficult B. too difficult C. more difficult D. the most difficult 2. ---Hi, Ella. Which is the ______ street in your city? ---High Street. Many people go shopping there.
A. busier B. quieter C. busiest D. quietest
3. The actress is already 50, but she looks _____ than she really is.
A. young B. more younger C. more younger D . much younger 4. During this year’s Reading Week, I read the most books in our class. No one reads ______ books than I.
A. many B. more C. few D. fewer 5. Many of my classmates think Wang Han is _______ host in Hunan TV Station.
A. popular B. more popular C. the most popular D. much popular 6. --How is your father feeling today? --Much ______. He isn’t go to work today.
A. bad B. worse C. better D. good 7. --What do you think of the dress?
--Wonderful. I don’t think I can find a _______ one.
A. good B. better C. bad D. worst 8. Which is ______, an elephant or a tiger?
A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. the strongest 9. --Is chemistry more difficult than physics? --No, chemistry isn’t as ______ as physics.
A. easy B. difficult C. easier D. more difficult 10. Tom’s home is _______ from school in our class.
A. far B. farther C. further D. the farthest
Unit 3 补充知识
However, we have another model--the C4095.
Another此处用作形容词，意为“另外的，又一”，它也可以作带刺，意为“另一个，又一个”。 Let’s find another way to work out the problem. Please show me another.
【拓展】another 通常用于指三个火三个以上以及不确定数量中的“另一个”，而the other 指两者中的“另一个”，有特定的数量范围。 Here are two rulers. One is short, and the other is long. 【链接】
--Could we see each other at 9 o’clock tomorrow morning?--Sorry, let’s make it _____ time. A. other’s B. the other C. another D. other
辨析：spend, pay, take与cost Unit 知识补充
Zhuge Liang used such lanterns to give signals in battles.
Such此处用作形容词，意为“如此的；这样的”，作定语修饰单数、复数名词或不可数名词。 One such book is enough. 辨析：such与so
辨析：sometimes, some times, sometime与some time
综合练习
一、根据句意及所给首字母提示完成单词。
1. Cars have four w____________; birds have two wings.
sometimes some times sometime some time 有时 几次；几倍 某时 一段时间 Sometimes she has lunch at school. I’ve been to the museum some times. I’ll visit Daming sometime this summer vacation. She has lived here for some time. so such +a/ an+形容词+名词单数 +形容词+不可数名词 +形容词+名词复数 +形容词/副词 +形容词+a/an+名词单数 +many/few/much/little+可数名词复数/不可数名词 take cost it 物 pay 人 spend 人 spend...on sth spend...(in) doing sth pay for sth. pay ab. for sth. It takes sb. some time to do sth. sth. costs (sb.) some money 指花费时间 指花费金钱 4
指为某物支付金钱 指花费时间或金钱
2. Thomas Edison i__________ the light bulbs. 3. A c__________ is a hundred years.
4. In those days, people used c_________ to see at night.
5. There are ten people on the bus. Nine are p________, only one driver. 6. The coat costs 26oo yuan. It’s too e_____________.
7. Can you tell me how to o____________ the washing machine? 8. A man is s__________ apples over there. Let’s buy some. 9. Miss Liu is very ____________（受欢迎的）in our class.
10. You can ___________ （产品）the prices of the same product on the Internet. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Mr. Wu gave us some advice on how _____________ (make) friends. 2. Yesterday Tom spent three hours _________ (do) his homework.
3. The teacher didn’t allow Edison _______________ (go) to school when he was young. 4. Mary often takes a walk instead of ______________ (run) every morning. 5. I’m even ___________ (bad) now. I don’t think the medicine is good for me. 三、单项选择题
1. A report says that the world population will pass six billion by the end of ________ century. A. twentieth B. twenty C. the twentieth D. the twentyth 2. --We went there to be volunteers ________ visitors. --Really? You are so great.
A. because of B. instead of C. such as D. even if 3. This CD-ROM is quite useful. It can help us learn English and geography __________. A. at times B. at this time C. at the same time D. by the time 4. Don’t just believe the advertisement. That kind of camera is _______ it says.
A. as good as B. not as good as C. as well as D. not as well as 5. --Can the small plane fly _________ the sea? --I’m not sure.
A. across B. along C. through D. over 6. There are two trees __________ my house.
A. in front B. in front of C. front of D. in the front of 7. ---Would you like ________ TV.
--Yes, I’d like to, but I have lots of homework to do.
A. watching B. to watch C. seeing D. to see 8. I’m hungry now. Let’s stop _________.
A. having a meal B. having a rest C. to have a meal D. to have a rest 9. --__________? --It’s very interesting.
A. Do you like the film B. What’s your favourite film C. What do you think of the film D. Did you see the film 10. Of the two coats, she’d like to buy the _______ one to save money for a book. A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive 完形填空
It was getting dark. Some children and two Canadian women were still 1 on the ice near a big hotel. They were having a good time.
Suddenly the ice 2. One of the boys fell into the water. The children shouted, “Help! Help!”They didn’t know 3 to do. The two Canadian women heard 4 and skated over to get the boy out of the water.
The ice was 5 . The two Canadians fell into the water, too. But they tried their best to 6 the little boy. They knew they must be 7 . If they didn’t push him up onto the ice, he would soon die.
Many people ran over to 8them. Some of them had ropes and poles. A young man jumped into the water to save the 9 people. The boy and the two Canadian women were out of water at last. One of the women didn’t feel well. She was sent to the 10 at once. But she felt very happy because the boy was saved. ( )1.A.boating B.skating C.planting D.swimming ( )2.A.broke B.shone C.closed D.flew ( )3.A.who B.when C.what D.where ( )4.A.one B.it C.them D.her ( )5.A.big B.small C.thick D.thin ( )6.A.save B.wake C.see D.tell ( )7.A.slow B.quick C.sorry D.wrong ( )8.A.play B.shout C.push D.help ( )9.A.two B.three C.four D.five ( )10.A.hospital B.school C.library D.garden
阅读理解
A
Can you use a solar water heater(热水器)? Do you know how it works? The energy from the sun makes the water hot. Now, many people like to use it because the energy from the sun is free and we can use it in any place. We call the energy from the sun solar energy.
People started to learn to use solar energy about 200 years ago. In the 1830s, John Herschel from England used solar energy to cook food for the first time. Today, we can turn solar energy into other kinds of energy, such as heat and electricity. And now people can use solar energy to do lots of things. The solar cooker is an example.
It is great because we can save money and energy by using it to cook food. We can also use solar energy to keep a house warm, to make a car run and so on.
Solar energy is inexhaustible(用之不竭的) and clean. So it will be used in more ways in the future.
( ) 1. What does the underlined phrase “solar energy” mean in Chinese?
A. 核能 B. 热能C. 太阳能 D. 电能
( ) 2. John Herschel used solar energy to_________ for the first time.
A. make electricity C. take a bath
B. start a car D. cook food
( ) 3. What kinds of energy can we turn solar energy into?
A. Color.
B. Air. C. Heat and electricity. D. We don’t know.
( ) 4. Which of the following is NOT an advantage (优点) of solar energy?
A. Free. B. Expensive.C. Clean.D. Inexhaustible.
( ) 5. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. The solar water heater.B. The sun.
C. Heat and electricity. D. Solar energy.
B
Do you know why different animals or pests (害虫) have their special colors？Colors on them seem to be used mainly (主要地) to protect themselves.
Some birds like eating locusts (蝗虫), but birds cannot catch them easily. Why? Because locusts change their colors according to the colors of crops (庄稼). When crops are green, locusts look green. But as the harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown color as crops have. Some other pests with different colors from plants are easily found and eaten by others, so they have to hide (隐藏) themselves and appear (出现) only at night.
If you study animal life, you’ll find the main use of coloring is to protect themselves. Bears, lions and other animals move quietly through forests. They cannot be easily seen by hunters (猎人). This is because they have colors much like the trees.
A kind of fish in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid (液体) when it faces danger. While the liquid spreads out, its enemies (敌人) cannot find it, so it can escape (逃跑) at once. That is why it can live long, though it is not strong at all. ( )1.From the passage we learn that locusts _______. A.are small animals B.are easily found by birds C.are dangerous to their enemies D.change their colors to protect themselves ( )2.How can pests with different colors from plants keep out of danger? A.They run away quickly. B.They have the colors much like their enemies. C.They hide themselves by day and appear at night. D.They have to move quietly.
( )3.Bears and lions can keep safe because _______. A.they have the colors much like the trees B.they move quietly C.they like brown and grey colors D.they live in forests
( )4.Why can the kind of fish live long? A.Because it is very big and strong. B.Because it can send out a kind of very black liquid to help it escape from its enemies. C.Because it can send out a kind of liquid to kill its enemies. D.Because it swims faster than any other fish. ( )5.Which is the best title(标题) of this passage? A.The Change of Colors for Animals and Pests. B.Colors of Different Pests. C.The Main Use of Colors for Animals and Pests.
D.Some Animals and Pests.
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