Passage 1[2017丙卷(全国Ⅲ)]
Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resetting your body clock. 16 Here’s how to make one.
• 17 In order to make a change, you need to decide why it’s important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.
•Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags. 18 That’s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.
•Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you’re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found. 19
•Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you’ve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 20 If not, take another look at other methods you could try. A. Get a sleep specialist. B. Find the right motivation. C. A better plan for sleep can help. D. And consider setting a second alarm.
E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.
F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day. G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee. Passage 2[2017北京]
Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 71
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 72 We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
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Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 73
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 74 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.
If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s sleep, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 75 \"You keep what matters,\" Tononi says.
A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B. It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.
C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick. D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories. E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning. F. \"Sleep is the price we pay for learning,\" says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.
G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.
Passage 3[2016甲卷(全国Ⅱ)]
A garden that’s just right for you
Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 36 . But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.
● 37
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 38 .However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.
●Recall(回忆)your childhood memories
Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’
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s important. 39 — how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 40 . Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun. A.Know why you garden
B.Find a good place for your own garden
C.It’s our experience of the garden that matters D.It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E.Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F.You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too G.For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have Passage 4[2015新课标全国Ⅰ]
Building Trust in a Relationship Again
Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36 Trust is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.
Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore. 37 It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.
• 38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.
• 39 If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a \"victim mentality\". At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated.
•You didn’t lose \"everything\".Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 Instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.
A.Learn to really trust yourself. B.It is putting confidence in someone. C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D.Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E.They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again. F.This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G.Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.
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答案 Passage 1
本文是一篇说明文,介绍了如何做计划建立好生物钟,保持早睡早起的好习惯。
16.C 考查前后句的连贯。第一段最后一句说\"以下是如何制作一个(计划)\代词one指代 \"计划\"一词,因此本空选C。
17.B 考查小标题概括。空后谈到要改变,先要说清楚做出改变很重要的原因;后面谈到一旦明白了其中的原因,就可以告诉你的家人或室友你想做出改变;由此可以推断出这段总的在说找到合适的动机,因此本空选B。
18.G 考查前后句的连贯。本段最后一句谈到如果买咖啡机自己弄咖啡,早上可以多睡一会儿,因此前一句应该与咖啡有关,本空选G。
19.F 考查前后句的连贯。本段谈到周末睡觉、起床的时间应该和平常一致,不然周末多睡反而会增加接下来工作日的睡意。F项中的no matter the day指的就是周末也应该和工作日的作息一致。因此本空选F。
20.E 考查前后句的连贯。本段谈到对自己所做的计划要记录、评价和调整。本空后的If not说明前面是讨论计划有效就应该坚持,因此选E。 Passage 2
本文是一篇说明文。文中主要探讨了充足的睡眠帮助人们巩固新记忆,为第二天的全新记忆腾出空间。
【长难句解读】 Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 分析:这是一个主从复合句,其中第一个that引导同位语从句解释说明theory的内容;从句中so that引导结果状语从句;现在分词短语making room for fresh memories to form the next day作结果状语。 译文:越来越多的证据表明睡眠在逐渐演变,在晚上大脑中各神经元之间的联系会减弱,为第二天要形成的新记忆腾出空间。 71.C 考查前后句的连贯。所有的动物都睡觉,但其原因仍然是个谜。当实验室的老鼠不被允许睡觉时,它们一个月内就死了。同样,人类如果连续几天不睡觉,就会生病。所以C项正确。
72.E 考查前后句的连贯。第二段首句提出一个观点,即睡眠帮助人们巩固新的记忆。而E项则支持该观点,其中That指的就是睡眠帮助巩固新的记忆这一观点。 所以E项正确。 73.F 考查前后句的连贯。空前讲,睡眠会为第二天的新记忆腾出空间,且由第四段第一句中的人称代词he可知,F项正确。
74.G 考查前后句的连贯。空前讲,有最直接的证据证明Tononi的观点是对的,而空后的内容介绍了实验结果,故可推知空处应是介绍了Tononi做的相关实验,故G项正确。 75.B 考查前后句的连贯。根据空前的关键词protected, stayed以及空后的keep, matters可知,B项正确。
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Passage 3
本文是一篇说明文,介绍了如何种植一个正好适合你的花园。
36.F 考查上下文的衔接。根据文章首句及下文的\"But it doesn’t happen by accident\"可知,这里是在讲\"你是否曾去过一个花园……但是它不是偶然发生的\"。故F项\"You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too\"符合语境。
37.A 考查子标题。根据下文中的\"a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden\"可知,本段的主题应与你想要种植花园的原因有关,故选A项。 38.E 考查上下文的衔接。根据上文的\"Some people may think...\"和\"Others are concerned about...\"可知此处表达的是人们种植花园的不同原因,而E项中的\"Still others may simply enjoy...\"与上下文衔接自然,故选E项。
39.C 考查上下文的衔接。根据上文的\"...but that’s not what’s important\"和下文中的\"how being in those gardens made us feel\"可知此处讲的应是什么是重要的,故C项符合语境。
40.G 考查上下文的衔接。上文的\"the gardens of your youth\"以及下文的\"your childhood memories\"与G项中的\"those gardens\"和\"the strongest memory you have\"相呼应,故选G项。 Passage 4
本文介绍三种策略,帮助我们重新建立信任关系。
36.B 根据上句\"信任是我们从过去的经历中获取的一种行为\"和下句\"信任是一种冒险\"可知,此空选B\"信任是信赖某人\与前后句构成并列关系。
37.E 由上句\"有时,人们简直无法再信任(别人)了\"和下句中的\"这是可以理解的\"可推测本句应是解释人们无法信任别人的原因。故选E。
38.A 由下句中的\"对自己有信心能帮助你做出更好的选择\"可知,前一句应是\"学会真正信任自己\故选A。
39.C 由本段最后一句\"在我们生活中的某些时候,我们的信任会被检验或辜负\"可知,此处应填C,意为\"不要认为自己是个受害者\"。
40.G 空后的副词\"Instead\"表示转折,由此可推测这里应是\"看到事物积极的一面并不意味着你无视已经发生的事\"。故选G。
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