重难点07 7选5
阅读理解七选五要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，
【命题趋势】
主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式深受英语四六级和考研阅读多项选择题的影响，体现了《新课标》＂用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。＂的阅读学习和教学理念。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。
从《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述＂主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。＂可以得出以下判断：该题备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。
文章体裁以说明文为主，语篇模式较为固定：提出问题——提供解决方案。文章题材较为固定：与学生的日常生活学习紧密相关。 【满分技巧】 【解题步骤1】
在高考的现场如果考生用大量的时间来彻底读懂文章的意思其实是不现实的，也是没有必要的，我们可以尝试以下四步走。
1. 先读文章的开始部分，明确文章的基本话题，然后仔细阅读五个空各自的前后句寻找并画出关键词。 【巧学妙记】
（一名(名词)袋（代词）鼠（数次）很特殊（特殊疑问词），连（连词）蹦（动词）带跳很彪（标点/标题）悍。）
2.要对文章中出现的衔接手段保持敏感度。衔接手段分为三种：词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接。可按这几个原则判断原文的空与选项是否匹配。
3.一旦确定一个选项，就要在该选项上做出标记（例如可以删掉），以避免干扰和分散注意力。 4.将选项代入到文章中重读，依据行文逻辑，再次确定选项。 答题技巧
细节类题型解题技巧(词汇的衔接或逻辑的衔接) 1.词汇的衔接包括：
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（1)词汇复现
复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。
复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。 （2)同范畴词出现
同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。
(3)代词线索
英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。例如it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that指代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子;these 或those指代前句的复数名词。
2.逻辑关系的衔接
过渡性句子可以从细节逻辑上判断可分为：
A, 并列关系：First(ly), Second(ly),...；First, then/next,...；In the first place， in the second place...;for one thing, for another thing ,...；then /next ,finally/last 等。
B, 递进关系：too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, what’s more, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not ...but..., not only ...but also等。
C, 解释例证关系：for example, for instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually ,in other words /that is to say 等
D, 因果关系： so /therefore ,thus ,consequently(结果） ,as a result (of), so/ such ...that ..., so that ...等 E, 转折对比关系：but, however , yet ,while /though ,or /otherwise ,on the contrary ,instead, nevertheless（然而）, still ,yet, on the contrary ,in contrast / comparison 等
F, 概况归纳关系：in short , in brief , in summary ,generally speaking ,in general , to conclude ,in conclusion, in a word ,on the whole , to sum up 等。
3.篇章结构类题解题技巧
根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略 {1)如果问题在段首
通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出高频必考·攻克高考
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主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。 （2)如果问题在段尾
通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 备考策略：
• 注重实效。阅读时不仅要注意文章的细节，更应该注意文章的布局。
• 注意命题陷阱。切忌当同样的词，同样的名字或同样的日期都在语文或节选段落中出现，就认为它
们是正确的选项，一定要符合逻辑，确保文章内容严谨。 • 注重速度。进行限时训练，培养实战观念，不可拖沓。
• 将近几年高考题进行分析，重点分析结构清晰分明的说明文和议论文。 【解题步骤2】
（1）在阅读过程中，重要要关注文章的首段与末段。尤其是文章的这两段的末尾句，因为＂开门见山＂与＂末尾点题＂的写作方式是最为常见的，首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为＂结尾总结＂式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段与末段的提示作用。 （2）做题的时候边读边做。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线索粗，再从选项中寻找相关的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一种很好的方法。另外，如果发现有一题拿不准的，先跳过，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不确定的题目。
（3）做完后，通读全文。将所选项放入空白处，通读一遍，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。若代入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。
（4）切勿随意改答案。要特别注意的是，不要仓促的改自己的之前选定的答案。做这类的题目时，第一印象的可信度还是很高的，除非你已经常有充分的理由否定向前的选择。 【总结】
主旨大意把握好，读懂选项更重要
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关键信息相匹配，核查排除不可少
经验一：前瞻后顾，寻找＂信号词＂，回到选择项中筛选。复现 经验二：浓缩句意，意义匹配，整体把握。同意
经验三：以段落为单位梳理文章脉络,留意文章的起承转合,逻辑及结构
经验四：＂7选5＂句子选择题正确选择项排列有一条不成文规律：选择项呈＂锯齿＂顺序排列，按照人们习惯，看了A就接着看B，接着看C，依此到G，而我们一般做题的正确答案都是＂参差不齐，错落有致＂的，看了D之后不看E却看A，看E，看了E之后不看 F而看C。这可能是出题者为了干扰我们常规思维而设置的障碍，因此如果考试时间允许，我们可以拿这个来初步检验我们最后的答案是否＂正确＂。
这些技巧多练练就能孰能生巧。同学们学会了吗? 最后祝大家都能在今年的高考中取得好成绩! 【热点话题】
七选五热衷的话题有：学生生活，运动健康，社会现象 【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）
A
（辽宁省实验中学2019届高三5月份模拟考试） 话题：运动健康 难度：★ 建议用时：6分 Every year，people want to live a healthier life and enjoy regular exercise. Over time，however，many find it hard to find the same enthusiasm for their workouts that they experienced at the beginning. There are a number of ways you can make exercise fun. 1
Set a goal that is reachable and manageable. Setting goals that are unrealistic will only set you up for disappointment in the long run. Set a goal that you know is within your reach, and set a reasonable timetable.
Create a reward for yourself 2 You could allow yourself a day when you don’t track calories，if you make it to the gym all seven days in one week. Reward yourself with a new pair of jeans，when your old ones no longer fit. Rewards increase the satisfaction，and are a reminder that you are making progress.
Find a workout companion. If you have another friend that wants to hit the gym as much as you do，be each other’s motivation. 3 Also，repot your failures and successes to him.
Together，you can help support each other.
4 Don’t do the same thing every day，or you may experience workout boredom.
Pick certain days to do certain exercises-for example，try swimming on Sundays，running or stair-climbing machines three days a week. Every month，change it up and start focusing on a different-or new-fitness routine.
Hire a coach or trainer to get you started. 5 Even if you only use the trainer for a month or two, it is
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well invested to keep you focused and informed.
A. He can help you learn the proper ways to work out to avoid injury，and get the best results. B. Take part in an organized sport.
C. Thus，you can stick with your workout routine.
D. Investing in new workout clothes can develop your self-esteem and confidence. E. Mix up your routine.
F. Whether it is weekly or monthly，treat yourself to something when you reach a goal. G. Take part in workout classes together，or even plan a weekly jog together.
B
（江苏省盐城中学2019届高三4月质量检测） 话题：如何让懒虫参与到团队活动 难度：★★ 建议用时：6分 Teachers love to put students into teams. 6 Why? Because they know the responsible team members will come through for a good grade.
If you are teamed up with a student who is lazy, the worst thing you can do is let it get you down. 7 and it might create a positive change in your partner!
Try these tips for working with a slacker(懒虫).
●Be excited and provide a good example. Your slacker may be a good person who has developed bad work habits. You may be able to teach your partner some valuable skills for a successful future.
●Think rewards! 8 For instance, you could promise to make cupcakes for the next work meeting and encourage your partner to bring a good snack.
●Make some time to sit with your partner and establish a set of work rules and deadlines. Don’t quarrel, though. Make it clear that you would like to establish rules to keep you both on track. 9 Keep a record of your rules, your initial meetings, and your work. When it becomes obvious in the records that you’re doing all the work, talk with the slacker. 10 A. Don’t let the anger and pain defeat you.
B. Come up with a great reward for meeting some goal. C. Instead, take some steps to encourage your partner to work. D. Unavoidably one or more members will try to do nothing. E. Start out by giving your partner a clear task with a deadline. F. Show him/her the evidence and suggest he or she pick up the pace.
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G. Think about the future and the fact that you are going to be rewarded.
C
（2019年安徽省六校教育研究会高三第一次素质测试） 话题：照顾好我们的身体和心理的三个建议 难度：★★ 建议用时：6分 Everyone is aware that taking good care of our bodies can prevent many medical problems from occurring later. However, we often have less awareness of preventative actions we should take to help with mental health problems. While our mental health may be fine right now, many of us will struggle at some point. 11 It’s impossible to get through life without challenges, but our mental health prevention habits can help us get through difficult times. 12
Keep active. The more active you physically, mentally and socially are, the higher the level of your mental wellness is likely to be. So go for walks and learn something new. There are many other ways to be active. 13
Be connected. Regular involvement in social activities with supportive friends and family improves your ability to handle disappointments, and everything else life throws at you. 14 But you can be involved in any manner; even volunteering for an organization can help you be more social.
15 The nature of these activities varies widely from person to person. The key is to identify what gives your life meaning. Volunteering, coaching, teaching, etc. all can contribute to increasing your sense of confidence and satisfaction with life. Many activities can address more than one. The key is to make a plan and stick with it. If you are already struggling, begin to practice these ways to help your recovery. A. Here are three practical steps.
B. However, good mental health is important. C. Stresses, disappointments and disasters happen. D. Overcome life’s challenges before they happen. E. Be committed to activities that give life meaning. F. The key is to find what keeps you motivated and interested.
G. This can be difficult when you move to a new town or as you get older.
D
（山东省聊城市2018届高三一模） 话题：动漫真人秀 难度：★★ 建议用时：6分 Many cosplay activities are being organized in China, making the subculture popular among some youths. Cosplay means costume play, in which participants wear costumes and fashion accessories(配饰) to represent a
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specific character. What’s the reason why youths are interested in cosplay? 16 Cosplay participants often interact with each other to dress up as characters from animes(动漫), cartoons, comic books, films, TV programs and video games. Youths who love cosplay have their own sets of jokes, which “outsiders” rarely understand. 17
Cosplayers are almost always young, most of them under 25, and as they grow older, they tend to give up the practice. 18 Instead, they should treat such youngsters as normal youths, but at the same time warn them never to cross the social and moral boundaries.
The cosplay subculture is a kind of performing arts. Cosplayers usually get the costumes in these ways. First, through some companies that make and sell packaged suits for cosplay. Second, through some individuals that make costumes and accessories. 19
With capital flowing into the ACG industry, more specific and mature business models help the industry develop further. 20 Since then the domestic animation and game industry has been developing healthily with a stronger sense of using legal products. China’s ACG industry is likely to see higher growth in 2019. A. And besides, by making them themselves.
B. It’s a way for youths to express virtual(虚拟的) love. C. Perhaps that’s why people are prejudiced against them. D. Based on a research, 2015 proved to be a turning point. E. The cosplay industry is expected to witness more success. F. Therefore, there is no need for parents to overreact to cosplay.
G. So regulators should strictly monitor such events to prevent improper behaviors.
E
（2019年安徽省合肥市第六中学最后一卷）
话题：介绍面试的时候需要准备的东西以及注意事项 难度：★★ 建议用时：6分 You’ve done the right things right. Your materials and certificates made a good impression. You passed the interview phone screening and you’ve been invited to the company for that important interview. How do you continue to build the relationship with the potential employer that will lead to an eventual job offer?
● 21 Don’t expect the potential employer to extend their day by several hours to accommodate your schedule. If you’re currently working and looking for a new position, hopefully, you’ve chosen the most ethical path that your employer knows. A recruiting employer is often willing to interview a good candidate late in the afternoon, but rarely will the interview extend past 6 p.m.
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● Make the right, positive impression. Arrive early, dress up for the position for which you are applying and bring an additional resume with references. Remember to treat every person you encounter with dignity and respect. The receptionist is reporting his impressions of you to the HR Director. Be polite as much as possible throughout every interaction you have with the company. Each person is assessing your potential fit within their organization. 22 .
● Bring your resume and other needed information, for you will be asked to fill out an application. 23 . It also allows the company to obtain your written permission to check your references, employment history, and do criminal background checks, etc. if you are hired.
● Follow up after the interview with a thank you letter, and perhaps a phone call. I received three thank you letters and a couple of phone calls from the 23 people who participated in a first interview with us. 24 . Doing the right things right will result in more interviews, better job offers, and a more successful career. 25 , and your application will rise above the pack. I promise. A. Good manners always count B. Take time off work for the interview C. Take a little more time at each step
D. The filled out application makes the data entry easier E. Count on it, especially in small- to mid-sized organizations
F. The purpose of the interview is to determine if you and the organization are a good fit G. Don’t blow your chances by behaving rudely to people you believe unimportant
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以下内容为：高中英语到底怎么学？
开学伊始，对于所有的同学来说，都是新的开始，新学期到底该如何学好英语? 这是很多同学高中三年都一直追问的问题。看了那么多英语学渣变身学霸的逆袭故事，为什么还是学不好英语?我只能说：愿望是好的，行动是关键!今天，一位高考英语137分的学姐和大家分享高中三年英语到底该怎么学，希望你不只是看一看，唯有行动才能结出硕果!
进入高中的第一天起，你的人生就开始了一个崭新的阶段。高中三年，你要为你的将来打拼，你要知道，能够对自己人生负责的只有自己。不要想着刚刚开学，一切都不着急，高中的每一天都不能懈怠，因为别人一直在进步，你停滞不前就是退步。更不要觉得初中底子好，短期内吃吃老本儿没关系，久而久之，你就会为你的懒惰和厌恶改变埋单。英语学习也是这样，你要做好改变的准备，改变以前初中时的英语学习方法，你要做好打一场持久战的心理准备。如果你是高二、高三的同学，以上说的这些同样适用。
单词方面，大家都知道，初中英语1600词，高中英语3500词，这只是量的比较。从单词长度和用法来讲，高中英语远远难于初中。没有一定的词汇量，英语水平和成绩的提高便无从谈起。所以，你要制定一套不同于初中的记单词方法。下面推荐一套完整的高中英语记单词方法：
1. 买一本课本同步参考资料。
课本上的单词不仅要记住，其固定搭配、句型和用法也非常非常非常重要，而这些你都可以在参考资料上找到。
2. 准备一个单词笔记本。
把课本同步资料上的重点单词、短语、句型及其用法用心摘抄到笔记本上，一周至少复习三次。
3. 买一本3500词。
没错，高一开始就可以刷3500词了，你可以利用零碎时间看和记。这样做的好处是，到高考前夕，一本3500词你至少应该可以翻个七八遍了，相对于那些一遍都没翻过的同学，你领先的可不是一点点哦！
4. 保存做过的每一篇完形和阅读。
这样做的目的是，要定期翻看上面的生词注释，避免遗忘。前提是，做完每一篇之后你要把生词查出来标注在相应位置。我不建议把文章中的生词摘抄到笔记本上，脱离语境的记忆印象不深刻、记忆不持久、用法不清晰。
5. 看名著简写本。
阅读英语名著，可以增加词汇量、提高阅读能力、了解英语本土文化、滋养身心……真是好处多多啊！给大家推荐书虫和床头灯系列，大家可以根据自己的英语水平选择读哪些。书虫系列分年级，床头灯系列分字数，价钱都不贵，书店和网上都可以买到。
6. 背新概念2和新概念3。
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适合高中生英语水平的新概念大概就是这2册了。头天晚上把要背的文章理顺，生词解决掉，结构划分出来（有利于背诵），第二天早上早起半小时在户外找个相对安静的地方，大声朗读并背诵。背诵最多不超多20篇，不仅词汇量有增加，听说、阅读和写作都会有很大提升，这一点我自己深有体会。
语法学习较之单词积累要相对容易一些，只要肯下功夫钻研，短期内都会有比较大的进步。我们来看看高中英语到底都学哪些语法内容：动词时态和语态；非谓语动词；定语从句；名词性从句；并列句；状语从句；情态动词；虚拟语气；介词；特殊句式。总共也就10个语法专题。根据我多年学习语法的经验，给大家几点建议：
1. 高一、高二时，课本单元语法必须掌握。
这样做的好处是，可以成功应对月考、期中考、期末考等各种零碎考试。因为高一高二的英语考试考查的都是阶段性学习内容，平时的考试成绩对提升大家自信心可是很重要的，千万不能忽视哦！之前在单词记忆建议部分和大家说到要买一本课本同步参考书，里面就有课本各单元的语法讲解和练习。
2. 高三的同学，复习语法时一定要按专题复习。
你可以买一本高考语法书，比如《5年高考3年模拟》，重点看里面的知识点和解题方法讲解，然后做后面的真题和模拟题，一本下来，高考英语语法相对完整的知识结构你就差不多搭建好了。如果你有更喜欢的辅导资料也可以。
3. 语法是小白的同学，先学会初中语法再学高中的。
语法小白的同学主要是初中英语没好好学、或者是刚刚学语法时没有入门导致后面怎么学也学不懂最后干脆自暴自弃了。到了高中，如果还不好好学的话，一般也就20——60分的水平，甚至更低。如果想越过初中语法直接学高中的，几乎是不可能的，所以，这时候，要有耐心，还是先把初中的好好学一遍再来学高中的吧！
在英语学习中，有句话叫做“得阅读者得天下”。那么，怎样才能“得阅读”呢。“得阅读”要满足三个条件：单词量过关；语法过硬；解题方法独到。听上去似乎很难，其实这是一个慢慢积累和领悟的过程。
单词的积累和语法的学习前面已经讲过，就不再啰嗦了。下面我只说一下答题步骤和解题方法。 1. 答题步骤
一定一定一定要先看题干，注意，不要看选项，避免把选项内容和文章内容相混淆。划出题干中的关键词，主要是专有名词、时间、地点等，目的是等会儿读文章时容易锁定答题区间。之后再看文章。最后是边看文章边锁定答题区间，分析答题区间的内容进行答题。简单来说就是：看题干，划关键词——读文章，锁定答题区间——分析答题区间内容，答题。
2. 解题方法
我的解题方法很简易，就是根据题型解析。事实细节题，直接在文中的答题期间寻找和分析答案；推
高频必考·攻克高考
精品资源·备战高考
理判断题，不能选已知内容，要选未知内容，并且只能是做出一步推理；词义猜测题，根据本句或上下句分析一下就可以了；主旨大意题，这种题型我都是留在最后做，因为答完前面的题文章基本就看完了，大概内容已经知道，此时再归纳总结就很容易了。
以上说的这些都是我自己的经验积累，还是那句话，一定要做，做了，你才知道适不适合你，甚至会有新的更好的发现。
我之前在一篇文章里说过，阅读好的人完形一定不会差。如果文章大意都读不懂，完形填空更无从谈起了。所以，如果你阅读和完形都不好，还是先把阅读练好再练完形吧！关于完形填空的答题步骤和解题方法我也说一下：
1. 答题步骤：先浏览一遍文章大意，再做题，最后检查。 2. 解题方法：其实就是一句话，根据上下文解题。 写作是体现英语综合水平的一个题目。
如果你词汇和语法都很好，但25分的英语写作怎么也上不了20分。我觉得这是你缺乏写作思路导致的。解决方法就是多看历年真题和模拟题中的优秀范文，模仿人家的写作思路，自己写几篇，慢慢就会形成自己的思路，久而久之，甚至会对于英语写作有自己独到的见解。
如果你的英语基础薄弱，词汇和语法都不过关，想提高英语写作就有些难度了，需要你付出更多的努力。一方面，要在词汇积累和语法学习上有所突破；另一方面，也要针对英语写作做出针对性努力。关于英语写作，你可以准备一个作文本。每天看两篇历年真题和模拟题上的优秀范文，把里面的生词全部标注出来，好的短语句型也用红笔划出来， 多读两遍范文，好词好句争取记在脑子里，等用心读的遍数多了，基本要背下来的时候，试着在笔记本上默写出这篇范文。每天两篇，坚持一个月就会有大进步。
高频必考·攻克高考
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