您的当前位置:首页正文

英语基础知识归纳

2020-06-17 来源:个人技术集锦
英语基础知识归纳 一 名词(n)

1, 不可数名词:没有复数形式,前面也不能用a,an修饰,它做主语,谓语动词用单三人称形式:

furniture,news.davice.information,work,water,bread,money,population,homework,

progress,knowledge,food, weather,wealth,meat,hair,traffic,luggage,paper。 2,可数名词:

特殊名词的复数形式: (1)、单复数相同:chinese,japanese,sheep,deer

(2)改变单数名词的元音字母:man_______,woman_______.foot_______,tooth_______, Goose_______

(3)其他形式:mouse________,child_______,german_______

(4)以o结尾的名词,有些在词尾加es,它们是:negro黑人,hero英雄,potato土豆,tomato西红柿。

(5)man teacher_______________,woman teacher________________ Banana tree_________________ 二,动词:(v)

动词的五种形式构成聊8种时态,以do为例。它们是:do(动词原形),does(动词的单三人称),did(动词的过去式),doing(动词的现在分词),done(动词的过去分词)。 重点掌握的6种时态: 时态名称 一般现在时 一般过去式 一般将来时 现在进行时 现在完成时1 现在完成时2 谓语动词的构成 do/does did 标志词 sometimes,often,seldom,everyday,once in a week,alway等 yesterday,last+时间,just now,…ago,in 1995 等 will/be going to +v tomorrow,next +时间,in+一段时间,in 2015等 am/is/are+doing have+done have+done look,listen,now,at the moment,these days等 already,just,yet,ever,never,before等 for+一段时间,since+过去的时间点/一般过去时的句子 注意:1,在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,遵循“主将从现”原则。 例:if it _______(rain) tomorrow,we won’t go for a picnic. Tom will call you as soon as he ________(arrive) home.

2,在现在完成时2中,瞬间动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,必须换成延续性动词,常见的有:buy----have,borrow---keep,die---be dead,begin/start---be on,leave----

Be away,join---be in

例:my grandfather ___________(离开) us for ten years. I __________(借) the libray book since this term started. 常见的动词不规则过去式、过去分词的变化:

Buy______,_______,find_______,_______,become_______,________,keep_______,____,make______,_______have_______,_______ 三,代词

主格 宾格 形物 名物 反身代词

i me my mine

we us our ours

you you your yours

you you your yours

she her her hers

he him his his

they them their theirs

myself ourselves yourself youselves herself himself themselves

用法:1.形物后面必须跟名词,名物后面禁止跟名词。 例:this is your coat,________(I) is over there.

2,反身代词的常用词组:反身代词与主语相关联。

Teach oneself=learn …..by oneself help yourself/yourselves+to sth

Enjoy oneself =have a good time hurt oneself Come to oneself

例:help __________(you) to some fish ,kids.

The man often teaches _________(oneself) English at home. 四,冠词

冠词有两种:不定冠词a,an和定冠词the

用法:1,a用于辅音音标之前,an用于元音音标之前。 2,必须用the的情况:⑴第二次提到的人或物;(2)世界上独一无二的事物前;(3)序数词和形容词的最高级前;(4)西洋乐器前

3,不用the的情况:四季,三餐,节日,星期,月份,球类,棋牌名词前不用the.

4,in front of 在。。。的前面(物体外部)

in the front of 在。。。的前面(物体内部)

5.a number of =a lot of 许多 ,the number of …..的数量 6.a very good book =quite a good book 一本很好的书 五,数词

1, 写出下列基数词的序数词:

One___________,two______________,three________________,nine_________________ Twelve________________,twenty____________________

2,分数的表达:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1,分母用复数。 2/3____________,3/4_____________,________________.

3,five munites’ walk 走5分钟的路,two hours’ ride 骑两小时的自行车

4,a sixteen-year-old girl 一个16岁的女孩 a seven-day holiday 一个7天的假期 5,hundred,thousand,million在表达具体数字时,不用复数;表达不确定的数字时,必须要用复数,并和of连用。

三千个学生_______________________,成千上完的学生__________________________

6,another two years = two more years 再两年

Can you finish the work today? 还要3天______________________ 六,介词

1, 表示时间的介词:at,in,on

在几点用at,在具体的某一天或某天的早上、下午、晚上,星期几或节日前用0n,在年、月、四季或不确定的早上,下午,晚上用in.

_____ children’s day _____summer ______the morning of July 2,表示方位的介词in,on,to

In在范围内,on两地接壤,to在范围外 3 be made of 由。。。。制成(看得出原材料), be made from由。。。。制成(看不出原材料) be made in在某地制造 4,used to do sth 过去常常做某事 be used to doing sth习惯于做某事 Be used to do sth=be used for doing sth (被用来做某事) Be used as 被当做。。。。来使用

5,on the tree 在树上(属于树本身的东西) in the tree 在树上(外来的东西在树上) 6,across 从物体表面穿过),through 从物体空间穿过 7,but=except 除。。。之外(不包括本身),besides除。。。之外,还有。。(包括本身) 8,with 译为 “有着,带有”,without 译为“没有” The dog with three legs ______(be) Miss’s.

She went to school with _________(have) breakfast. 9,it’s +adj+of sb to do sth 用来描述sb的性格特征

it’s +adj+for sb to do sth 用来描述做某事时某人的感受 it’s kind of you to help me with my work.

It’s easy for you to work out the math question. 10,介词后面的动词用v-ing形式。 七,形容词和副词

1, 形容词修饰名词,放在名词之前,修饰不定代词(如something,anything,everyone…

等),放在不定代词之后。

A beautiful girl something impossible

2,副词修饰动词,常放在动词之后,也可放在动词之前。

Learn well 学得好 English is widely used 英语被广泛应用。 3形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成: 不规则变化:

good/well_________,________ bad/ill/badly ___________,___________ many/much__________,_________ little _______________,__________ far________,_________,___________,____________ 4,形容词、副词比较级和最高级的用法 (1)A+系动词+adj的比较级+than +B

(2),A+系动词+the+adj的最高级 +of/in….. (3),A+行为动词+adv的比较级+than+B (4),A+行为动词+adv的最高级+of/in….

Lily 是我们班最漂亮的女孩。_______________________________________________ 她看起来比你年轻。_______________________________________________________ 他是我们中写字最认真的一个。______________________________________________

李明比李平煮得成功。____________________________________________________ 5,形容词变副词,一般直接在词尾加ly,,以y结尾的变y为i加ly Careful ________ happy______________,lucky_________ 注意:有些以ly结尾的词不是副词,而是形容词。

Friendly lonely lovely daily lively 6,much,a little , even等可以用来修饰比较级, This coat is much more expensive than that one. The boy looks a little taller than his brother. 7,the +比较级,the +比较级,表示“越。。。。。就越。。。。” The more regularly you eat,the heathier you will be. The more,the better

8,enough修饰名词,放在名词之前,修饰形容词或副词,放在它们之后。 Enough money 足够的钱 young enough 足够年轻的 9,how long “多久”,对一段持续的时间提问。

How soon “多快”问将来的时间,常用“in+一段时间回答”

How often“多久一次”对频率提问,常用“once/twice/three times a week等回答。 How far “多远”,问路程,常用”five minutes’ walk 等回答。 10,hard 译为“努力地,辛苦地”,hardly译为“几乎不”

We should study hard.

I am tried and I can hardly walk.

11,too much 太多,修饰不可数名词或动词 too many 太多,修饰复数名词 Much too 太,修饰形容词或副词 Don’t move your leg too much.

There is too much waste paper and too many plastic bottles on the ground. The box is much too heavy,I can’t carry it. 12,写出下列词汇之间的转换形式。

Rain(n)__________(adj) sun(n)_______(adj) west(n)___________(adj) South(n)__________(adj) invite(v)___________(n)

Care(n)___________,___________(adj)_____________(adv)

Success(n)__________(v)______________(adj)________________(adv)\\\\ Luck(n)___________(adj)_____________(adv) use(v)___________(adj) danger(n)_____________(adj) decide (v)___________(n) Help(v)___________(adj) breathe(v)____________(n)

Interest(n)____________,___________(adj),tire(v)____________,__________ (adj) Surprise(v)____________,___________(adj) move(v)__________,___________(adj) Excite(v)______________,___________(adj) pollute(v)___________(n)

Die(v)_______(n)________(adj) happy(adj)__________(adv)______________(n) Invent(v)__________,_________(n) different(adj)_____________(n) Difficult(adj)_______________(n) harm(v)_____________(adj)

1.safe(adj)-______(adv)________(n) 2.true(adj)______(n) 3.wonderful(n)__________(adj) 4.wonder(n)_____(adj)

5.win(v)__________(n) 6.German(n)_______(n)德国 7.advise(v)________(n) 8.pronounce(v)_________(n) 八.动词应注意的几点

1.系动词后面只能接形容词,构成系表结构

常见的系动词有:be feel look sound smell taste keep seem go变指变好变坏 get 变指天气变化 turn变指颜色变化 become变得

2.see看见 指结果 look看 指看的动作 watch观看(电视 球赛) read读(报纸 书 杂志) 3.look for 寻找,指找的动作 find 找到,指结果

4.have\\has gone to 去了某地 have\\has been to 曾经去了某地(已回) 九. 动词的被动语态

1.主语是动作的执行者,用主动语态。主语是动作的承受者,用被动语态。 主;We clean the classroom 被:The classroom is cleaned by us 2.被动语态的构成:be +动词的过去分词 ⑴一般现在时的被动语态;am\\is\\are +Ved

⑵一般过去时的被动语态:was\\were+Ved

⑶一般将来时的被动语态:will be +Ved

⑷含有情态动词的被动语态:can\\should\\must be +Ved 3.be worth doing sth

4.He makes the girl laugh. The girl is made to laugh by him. 十 情态动词

1.常见的情态动词有:can .could .may. must .will. would .should .had better. ought to. dare 2.情态动词的用法:①后面的动词用原形 ②无人称和数的变化 3.表示非常肯定的猜测用must,表示否定的猜测用can’t be

①The book ____be lily’s, because we can find her name on it . A may B might C could D must

②Is lucy knocking at the door? No, It _____be lucy. She has gone to Japan. A can’t B may not C must D needn’t

4.以must 开头的一般疑问句、肯定回答用must否定用needn’t\\ don’t have to 5. May I sit here? Yes, you may\\ No, you mustn’t. 十一 非谓语动词

1. 动词不定式;由to+动词原形构成,既to do 形式 2. 动词后面接动词分为三种情况; ① make let 后面动词用动词原形

② like love enjoy prefer finish practice keep mind avoid consider 后面的动词用ing ③ 其余动词后面的动词用不定式to do

注意;see hear watch notice feel 后可以接动词原形do,也可以接动词ing形式 3. be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 be worth doing sth值得做某事 Have fun doing sth 从、、、中获得乐趣 feel like doing sth 想要做某事 Be used to doing sth 习惯做某事 spend\\......in doing sth花、、、做某事 4、stop to do sth 停下做另外的事情 remember to do sth 记得要做某事 Stop doing sth 停止正在做的事情 remember doing sth记得做过某事 5、try to do sth 努力做某事 go on to do sth 继续做另外的事情 Try doing sth 试着做某事 go on doing sth 继续做原来的事情 6、 the developing country 发展中国家 the developed country 发达国家

7、make a contribution to doing sth 为、、、做贡献 Look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事 Prefer doing sth to doing sth 与、、、相比 更喜欢做某事 Be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 十二 主谓一致和倒装句

1、 谓语动词用单数是指动词的单三人称形式或is/was 谓语动词用复数是指动词原形或are /were

2、 主谓一致

① and , both……and连接名词作主语时,谓语用复数

② 不定代词something anything everyone nobody等作主语,谓语动词用单数 ③ 以each every 开头的作主语时,谓语动词用单数

④ 主语后有with like except 等词或短语时,谓语动词的单复形式取决于主语的单复数 The woman with two sons ______(come)from Canada ⑤ a number of +复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数

the number of +复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数 ⑥ a pair of或that pair of +复数名词作主语,谓语用单数 This pair of pants___(be) expensive

⑦ 动名词即动词的ing形式作主语,谓语动词用单数 Reading books _____(improve) my knowledge

⑧ either ….or neither…nor not only ….but also连接两个并列的主语,谓语动词采用就近原则 ⑧ there be 句型中,有多个主语时,be动词用就近原则 3. 倒装句

① 肯定倒装;so+be\\情态动词\\助动词+主语 表示、、、也一样 So +主语+be \\情态动词\\助动词 表示、、、、的确是 ②否定倒装 neither\\nor +be \\情态动词\\助动词 表示、、、也不一样 He dindn’t finish his work ,___________(我也没有) I have seen the film,___________(他也看过) It’s very hot today ,____________(确实如此) I can’t speak English ,________(你也不能) She is a good girl,__________--(你也是)

十三 简单句(陈述句、感叹句、疑问句、祈使句) 1. 陈述句,包括肯定陈述和否定陈述

下列词出现在陈述句中,表示否定,他们是 no never few little nobody nothing neither of ….. none of seldom hardly too….to 2.感叹句

① what a\\an +形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! ② What +形容词+不可数名词\\复数名词+主语+谓语! ③ How +形容词\\副词+(the)+主语+谓语! 3.Why don’t you do sth?=why not do sth? 4.反意疑问句;

①反意疑问句遵循八个字 “前肯后否,前否后肯’

② 当陈述部分含有never few little hardly nothing 等否定词时,疑问部分要用肯定 She hardly forgets me ,__________?(是吗)

③ 祈使句的反意疑问句用will you ,但以let’s 开头的用shall we?

十四、 并列句 复合句和连词

1.连词:and 表示顺承关系 but 表示转折 or 表示否定 so 表示所以,因此 2、时间状语从句:由when while before after not….until as soon as 引导 3、条件状语从句:由 if as long as (只要)。Unless(除非)引导

在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句是祈使句或一般将来时,从句用一般现在时 4宾语从句

i. 宾语从句的时态 :主现从不限,主过从限过,当宾语从句表示的是客观存在的真理时,即使主

句是过去时,从句也要用一般现在时

ii. 宾语从句的引导词:当从句是陈述句时,用that引导,当从句时一般疑问句时,用whether引

导,当从句是特殊问句时,疑问句就是引导词 iii. 宾语从句只能用陈述语序

I don’t know If it ___________(rain) tomorrow

The teacher told us the earth _____(go) around the sun Do you know _______________(我多大了)? She said she _____(join)the party the next year

5定语从句

被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系代词,修饰人的关系代词有that who whom 修饰物的关系代词有which 和that

Is that the man ______helped us a lot after the earthquake? A whose B which C when D who This is the dictionary _______I bought three years ago A where B when C which D who

6.because . so 和 though but 不能同时出现在一个句子中,只能选择其中之一

因篇幅问题不能全部显示,请点此查看更多更全内容