一、单项选择被动语态
1.The officer commanded that everyone passing by ______ that day. A.search C.be searched 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:军官命令那天经过的人都被搜查。command后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气,(should)+动词原形,此处everyone和search之间是被动关系,故答案为C。
B.would be searched D.must be searched
2.The two nurses ________ 100,000 yuan by the police but donated it to victims of the explosion. A.rewarded
C.have been rewarded 【答案】D 【解析】
试题分析:句意:这两位护士被警方奖赏100,000元,但是她们把钱捐给了爆炸事故的受害者。根据“but donated it to victims of the explosion.”,可知“她们把钱捐给了爆炸事故的受害者”已经是发生在过去的事情,而“两位护士被警方奖赏100,000元”是发生在过去的过去,故用过去完成时,且“两位护士”和“奖赏”是被动关系,故用被动语态,选D。 考点:考查时态和语态
B.would be rewarded D.had been rewarded
3.The singer’s music video nearly 9 million times since it was posted on the Internet four weeks ago. A.viewed C.was viewed 【答案】D 【解析】
试题分析:考查动词时态与语态辨析。A. viewed,一般过去式;B. was viewed过去式的被动语态;C. has viewed,现在完成式;D. has been viewed,现在完成式的被动语态。句意:自从四个星期前这位歌手的音乐视频被放在互联网上,这个视频的访问量达到了将近9百万次。since从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时has done形式,又因music video是被访问的,故要用被动语态。故选D。 考点:考查动词时态与语态辨析。
B.has viewed D.has been viewed
4.—The window is dirty. —I know. It ________ for weeks. A.hasn’t cleaned
B.didn’t clean
C.wasn’t cleaned 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】
D.hasn’t been cleaned
本题考查时态和语态。解题步骤:1. 确定时态:这里表达过去没有擦窗户的事情对现在的影响就是窗户很脏,现在完成时可以表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响,也可以表示过去发生的事情持续到现在。2. 确定语态:主语it与谓语clean为被动关系。句意:—窗户很脏。—我知道,这些窗户已经很几个星期没有被擦了。故选D。
5.Now the world’s attention ________ the stocking markets, as they have great influence on the world’s economy.
A.is fixing on B.is being fixed on C.has fixed on D.had been fixed on 【答案】B
【解析】考查时态语态。句意:现在世界关注的焦点都在股票市场上,因为它们对世界经济已经产生了很大的影响。 attention与focus之间为被动关系,Now提示用现在进行时。
6.—It’s so humid these days!
—Don’t worry! The rain ________ to stop from tomorrow. A.will expect B.expects C.will be expected D.is expected 【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态与语态。句意:——这些日子天气潮湿。——不要担心!这场雨预计明天就会停止。根据语境,“expect”表示现在发生的事情,用一般现在时,“停止”的动作发生在明天,且主语The rain与expect之间是被动关系。故选D。
7.If we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river so seriously now. A.is not polluted C.had not been polluted 【答案】B 【解析】
选B 句意:如果我们早采取有力措施,现在河水就不会污染这么严重。主句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,用would加动词原形。
B.would not be polluted D.would not have been polluted
8.With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ________ each year. A.is washing away C.are washing away 【答案】D
B.is being washed away D.are being washed away
【解析】 【详解】
本题考查现在进行时的被动语态和主谓一致。解题步骤:1. 确定谓语单复数:根据quantity的用法,quantities of和a quantity of后面都可加不可数名词与可数名词复数,但它们作主语时,quantities of...后面的谓语动词用复数,而a quantity of...的谓语动词用单数,故排除A、D项。2. 确定第二空:随着森林的被毁,土壤正在被冲走,故应该用现在进行时的被动语态。句意:随着森林的被毁,大量的优质土壤每年都被冲走。综上,故选D项。 【名师点拨】
quantities of和a quantity of后面加可数名词复数,做主语时后面的谓语动词用复数形式;quantities of后面加不可数名词,做主语时后面的谓语动词用复数形式;a quantity of后面加不可数名词,做主语时后面的谓语动词用单数形式。1.Large quantities of money have been sent there大量的钱已经被送到那里;A large quantity of money has been wasted.大量的钱已经被浪费;2.A large quantity of books have been offered to us.大量的书已经提供给我们; Quantities of nuts are on the table.大量的坚果在桌子上。
9.— Did he decide to take part in the competition? — Yes, of course. He _____ to.
A.has been encouraging B.had been encouraged C.has been encouraged D.was to be encouraged 【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:——他决定参加比赛吗?——是的,当然。他已经被鼓励参加比赛。根据he和动词encourage之间的逻辑关系分析,此处应该使用被动形式,故先排除A 项。再和第一句话的一般过去时态结合起来分析, 此处应该使用过去完成时态的被动语态。故选B。
10.105.The International Olympic Committee announces here that an in crease of 15 events to the program of the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. A.will make B.will be made C.has been made D.had made 【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意:国际奥委会宣布在2020年东京奥运会上将增加15个比赛项目。从年份2020可以看出是将来的动作,项目和增加是被动关系,故要用将来时的被动,故选B。
11.Chinese kites in ancient times ________ in the shape of birds. A.design B.had designed
C.were designed D.have been designed 【答案】C
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:在古代中国的风筝被设计成鸟的形状。根据in ancient times可知,句子用一般过去时态,根据动词与主语是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态,故选C。
12.Oral English exams _______ in China twice a year to give more chances to the students. A.has held B.will be held C.will hold D.has been held 【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:英语口语考试将在中国每年举行两次,为的是给学生更多的机会。句中主语Oral English exams和动词hold是被动关系,表示动作将要进行不是完成,排除D,故选B。
13.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ in the mountains for two days.
A.are trapping B.have been trapped C.were trapping D.had been trapped 【答案】D 【解析】
考查语态和时态。句意:一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“who ___ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句,修饰two tourists,two tourists和trap之间是被动关系,该空应用被动语态。由risked可知,营救人员救游客是过去的事情,被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前,即“过去的过去”,该空应用过去完成时态。综上,D选项正确。
点睛:过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”,其表达形式为had done,被动语态的表达形式为had been done。
14.—Have you heard about that school bus accident? —Yes, fortunately all on board including the driver ________. A.were saved C.have saved 【答案】A 【解析】
考查动词时态和语态。句意为:——你有没有听说那起校车事故?——嗯,幸运的是,车上所有的人包括司机都获救了。由题干中的Have you heard...可知,事故发生在过去,且all为主语,和save逻辑上构成被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态,故答案A符合语境。
B.was saved D.has been saved
15.Mr. Wills, who was being helped up onto the platform to take the prize, looked as if he by lightning.
A.was just struck B.were just struck
C.would just be struck D.had just been struck 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】
考查过去完成时态的被动语态。句意:威尔斯先生被扶上了讲台,接受了这个奖项,他看起来就像是被闪电击中了一样。此处as if(好像)引导方式状语从句,用虚拟语气,与过去的事实相反,用过去完成时态,且主语he和strike之间是被动关系,故答案为D。
16.People believe that the China Dream is not very difficult ________ so long as the whole nation works hard for it. A.realizing C.realized 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】
考查固定句型和语态。句意:人们相信只要全国人民一起努力中国梦不难实现。be difficult to do 结构中,若主语与其后的不定式为动宾关系,那么该不定式习惯上要用主动形式表示被动意义。如:She was difficult to understand at times. 有时候她很不容易理解。能用于此结构的形容词主要有convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, unpleasant等。这类结构的特点是句子主语必须是其后不定式的逻辑宾语。故选D。
B.to be realized D.to realize
17.Louis Cha (金庸) passed away. As for his achievement, there is such a comment, “He ______ the Nobel Prize for Literature with his written works translated into English.” A.could have been rewarded C.should be rewarded 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】
考查情态动词+have done用法。句意:金庸去世了,至于他的成就,有这样的评论:他本能获得诺贝尔文学奖用他的被翻译成了英语的著作。A. could have been rewarded本可以被授予;B. must have been rewarded一定被授予;C. should be rewarded应该被授予;D. need have been rewarded本必要被授予。根据语境,A选项正确。 【点睛】
could have done可用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句。用于肯定句既可以表示过去能够做而实际未做,有惋惜、遗憾或委婉批评之意,通常译为“本来可以”“本来能”,也可以表示对过去动作的推测,常可译为“可能(已经)”。本句表达金庸本能获得诺贝尔文学奖,但却没有获得的惋惜。故A选项正确。
B.must have been rewarded D.need have been rewarded
18.I want to buy that kind of cloth because I ______ the cloth ______ well. A.have told;washes C.was told;washed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】
考查语态时态。句意:因为我已经被告知这种布料很好洗,于是我想去买这种布。第一空中使用现在完成时表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响,且I与tell是被动关系,所以使用现在完成时的被动形式。第二空中动词wash与副词well连用,用主动形式表示被动含义。故B项正确。 【点睛】
小题2中考查了主动表示被动的用法,涉及“主语+不及物动词+主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词使用主动表示被动的用法。具体用法如下:
1)系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到)等,例如:
Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。 Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. 良药苦口。
2)一些与can't(不能)或won't(不会)连用的动词。常用的有: lock(锁住), shut(关上) , open(打开,营业), close(关门), cut(切割), weigh(重), act(上演),例如: The door won't open. 这门打不开。 It can't move. 它不能动。 This shop opens much earlier than it used to. Each stone weighs 2 tons. 3)一些与well(很), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用的动词,如: sell, wash, clean, burn, cook, wash, write, last, read, wear等。这种“动词+副词”结构,常表示事物内部特有的属性。例如:
The book sells well. 这种书很畅销。 These clothes wash well. 这些衣服很耐洗。
4) 用在“主语+不及物动词+主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词, 例如:
This material has worn thin. 这料子已磨薄了。
B.have been told;washes D.have been told;is washed
The dust has blown into the house. 灰尘被风吹进了房子。 This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long.
The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. Written in simple English, this article reads easily.
5) 某些不及物动词,如happen, occur, cost以及短语,如come out(出版), come up(出现), come into being(产生) come to one’s mind(想起), turn out(证明是), come about(发生), break out(爆发), belong to(属于)等,本身表被动含义,所以它们常用主动形式。
The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.
Suddenly an idea came to his mind. It never occurred to me to phone you.
19.The classroom ________ by students every day. A.cleans B.cleaned C.is cleaned D.is cleaning 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
考查时态和被动语态。句意:教室每天都由学生打扫。句子主语The classroom,单数第三人称形式,与谓语动词clean之间是被动关系,再结合every day,可知句子用一般现在时态的被动语态,故选C。
20.This is one of the best films _______. A.that have been shown this year C.that has been shown this year 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
考查定语从句和时态。句意:这是今年上映的最好的电影之一。此处为定语从句,先行词为the one,有最高级the best 修饰,关系代词应该用that,在从句中作主语,语境表明使用现在完成时,而且谓语要用第三人称单数,故C项正确。
B.that have shown D.that you talked
21.A number of foreigners______ to watch the 70th anniversary of the founding of the PRC on Oct.1\". A.Attracted C.was attracted 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意:10月1日,一些外国人被吸引来观看中华人民共和国成立70周年纪念活动。分析句子可知,attract是谓语动词,由时间状语on Oct.1可知,用一般过去时,主语foreigners与attract是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态,且主语foreigners是复数,故选D。
B.have attracted D.were attracted
22.As is expected, it will be not long before our domestically built aircraft Carriers _____ into operation. A.will be put C.will have been put 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】
B.are put D.have been put
考查动词时态语态。句意: 按照预计,在不久的将来,我们国内制造的航母就会投入使用。时间状语从句中使用主将从现,如果主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时替代一般将来时。before是从句要用一般现在时。投入和主语是被动关系。故选B。
23.The letters for the boss___________ on his desk but he didn’t read them until 3 days later. A.were put 【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】
B.was put
C.put
D.has put
【详解】
考查被动语态。句意:给老板的那些信放在他的办公桌上,但是直到三天以后他才读了那些信。letter“信件”和put“放”之间是被动的关系,所以排除C和D,然后因为letters是复数,谓语动词用were put, 故选A。
24.I saw Jack in the lift this morning. He around here for a long time. A.won't be seen C.hasn't been seen 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】
考查过去完成时态的被动语态。句意:今天早上我在电梯里看见杰克。他好久没在这附近露面了。根据this morning可知,这是过去的事情;再根据for a long time可知,此空是更靠前的动作,且句子主语He和see之间是一种被动关系,所以用过去完成时态,故选D。
B.wasn't seen D.hadn't been seen
25.–The pine tree in front of the lecture hall is so tall. –Yes. It ______ nearly 20 metres. A.measures 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】
考查动词时态及语态。句意:——演讲厅前面的松树好高啊。——是的。它近20米。measure此处意为“测量,量起来……”,为不及物动词,后接量的结果,不用于被动语态或进行时态。此处为描述客观事实用一般现在时,且主语为it,谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故选A。
B.is measured
C.will measure
D.is measuring
26.The Olympic Sports Center _______at present in the city and is said to be open to the public
in 2019
A.is built B.has built C.is being built D.will be built 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
考查时态语态。句意:奥运会体育中心现在正在被建。据说2019年会对公众开放。句中时间状语是at present意为“现在”,介绍正在发生的事情,主语the Olympic Sports Center与build该词被动关系,所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。故C项正确。
27.With the development of science, more new technology ______ to the fields of IT. A.has introduced C.is introduced 【答案】B 【解析】
试题分析:句意,随着科技的发展,更多新的技术被引进到IT领域。表示现阶段正在进行的动作,用现在进行时。且主语new technology与动作introduce之间是被动关系,用现在分词的被动语态,故选B。 考点:时态和语态考查题
点评:动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态,但是常用的只有9种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。当句子的主语是动作的执行者时,谓语的形式叫主动语态。句子的主语是动作承受者时,谓语的形式叫被动作语态。被动语态由助动词be + 过去分词构成,时态通过be 表现出来。
B.is being introduced D.was introduced
28.This project ______ considered thoroughly, and I’m sure it ______ finished on time. A.must be; may be C.may be; must be 【答案】B 【解析】
试题分析:句意:这个项目应该被全面地考虑,并且我确定可以准时完成这个项目。should be 表示“应该” 这个项目要求考虑的全面,can be 表示“能够” 有能力完成这个项目,所以选B。 考点:考查情态动词
B.should be; can be D.can be; should be
29.His sister left home in 1998, and_________________ since. A.had not been heard of C.had not heard of 【答案】B 【解析】
B.has not been heard of D.has not heard of
试题分析:考查时态:句意:他的妹妹在1998年离家,至今杳无音讯”。 And前用过去式表示她1998年离家这一事实,而and后用has not been heard of表示从1998到现在这一段时间的状态。现在完成时表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果,而且his sister和hear of是被动关系,选B。 考点:考查时态
30.In no time______ by a string of measures backing Hainan’s efforts to deepen reform and opening-up.
A.the landmark decision was followed B.was the landmark decision followed C.did the landmark decision follow; D.the landmark decision had been followed; 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】
考察句子语序。句意:在这重大决议之后会出台一系列的办法来支持海南深化改革和扩大开放。In no time(立刻,马上)位于句首,句子用陈述语序,不用部分倒装。另外,该句陈述的过去的事情,因而用一般过去时,综述选A。 【点睛】
关于部分倒装。部分倒装,也叫不完全倒装,指的是谓语部分的be动词,情态动词或助动词放在主语之前的结构。常见的部分倒装分以下几类:第一,否定性副词或者赋词短语,比如seldom,hardly,at no time, in no case, on no occasion等位于句首时,比如,Hardly does he get late. 第二,only修饰副词性短语谓语句首时,比如only in this way can we succeed.而本题中in no time (立刻,马上),不是否定意义的短语,故不用部分倒装。
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