高中英语常用词缀词根

前缀及部分常用词根a-1. 表语性形容词 2. 加强意义 3. 在 “in, at, on”

例：awake, aware, arise, arouse, aboard, abroad, ahead, alike, alive, asleep

forebeforehand, front, before 先，前，预

例：forecast, forefinger, forehead, foremost, foresee

mis-坏，恶，误

例：misfortune, mislead, mistake, misunderstand, misuse

out-超出，在外，出外，胜过，超过

例：outbreak, outcome, outlet, outline, outlook, output, outnumber

over-过度，越过； 颠倒， 反转， 在上

例：overall, overcoat, overhead, overthrow, overcome, overseas

un-不，无， 做相反的动作， 移开，消除

例：unable, unbearable, uncertain, uncover, unfit, unknown, unfold, unfair

unnecessary, unwilling, unlike, unlock, unpleasant

under-在…下， 低于， 不足

例：underdeveloped, undergo, understand, underground, underlie, underwear

ab-, a-脱离，离开，离去

例：abnormal, abortion, absent, abuse

bi-二，两，重

例：biennial, bimonthly, bilingual

semi-半

例：semiannual, semimonthly, semicircle

circum-,circu-周围，环

例：circumstance, circuit, circulate, circle, circulation

com-共同

例：collaborate, collect, co-operate, corporation, company

contra-, counter-反，相对

例：contrast, controversial, counter, counteract, contradiction

de-出，离；向下，贬低

例：depreciate (比：appreciate), degrade, destroy

dis-, di-, dif-离， 分开；不，无；动作的相反或取消

例：disabled, dissuade, differ, disappear, disagree, dislike, disadvantage

inter-在…之间， 相互

例：interaction, interfere, international, interrupt, interview

ex-, e-, ef-出外， 除去，完全

例：emigrate, exclude, exhibition, expand

in-, im-内，向内， 入

例：immigrate, include, imprison, indoors

extra-以外，超过

例：extra, extraordinary

in-, im-不，无， 非

例：impossible, illegal, illogical, inaccurate, irregular, impatient

pre-re-sub-super-, sur-trans-, tra-auto-equ-formmin-, mini-port

press-spec-vid-, vis-bi-, bio-geo-gram

log-cap-, capit-cent(i)

胡老师讲义

先，前，超

例：

precaution, preface, prefer, preview, prewar回，后退；再，又

例：

remind, rewrite, react, replace, review, reveal, refine, recall在…之下；低于，秘密地

例：

subconscious, suffice, suppress,substandard, subsurface, subdivide上，超

例：

superficial, surface, surplus, supermarket, superman, supernatural跨越，转，传

例：

transatlantic, transform, transmit, transport, tyadition, translate自己

例：

automatic, automobile, autonomous, autonormy, 均，平等

例：

equal, equality, equator形式

formal, conform, deform, unform, reform, uniform较小，较少

例：

minor, minute, miniature, minority, minus持，拿，运

例：

portable, porter, export, import, support, transport压

例：

pressure, compress, express, impress看

例：

spectacle, aspect, expect, inspect, prospect, respect看，看见

例：

visible, vision, visual, evident, revise, visa, visitor, video生命，生物

例：

biochemistry, biography, biology地，地球

例：

geography, geometry, geology写，图形

例：

graph, program, photograph, telegram言语，推理

例：

logic, logical, apology, apologize, dialogue, monologue头

例：

cap, capital, captain, caption 百，百分之一

例：

cent, century, centigrade, centimetre

常见后缀 -dom

表地位.身分.领域.条件.状况例：freedom, kingdom, wisdom, boredom

-hood表状态.地位.特征

例：childhood, brotherhood, motherhood, neighborhood

-ness表状态.性质

例：happiness, likeness, sadness, weakness, darkness, goodness

-ship表性质.情况.地位.身分

例：friendship, hardship, leadership, ownership, scholarship

-er,ar,or,ist,ant表做某事的人 （n)

例：painter, begg

assistant -d, -ed加在名等后

后构成形 （过分形式） （adj)例：aged, sleilled, talented, broken, golden-haired

-en由...做成的 （v)

例：wooden, woolen, waxen, oaken

-fold表倍数 (n)

例：twofold, fivefold

-ful充满....的.富有....的 （adj )

例：cheerful, doubtful, harmful, skilful, hopeful, fruitful

-ish如...的.似...的.有...性质的 （adj )

例：boyish, girlish, selfish, blmish, blackish, greenish

-less无...的.不...的 （adj )

例：fearless, harmless, hopeless, helpless, endless, aimless, needless

-like如.. ..的.似...的 （adj )

例：dreamlike, warlike, fatherlike, starlike

-ly如...的.有...性质的；加在形后构成副 （adj. adv )

例：manly, homely, lovely, friendly, kingly, widely, badly

-some如...的.似... 的的.有.有......性质的性质的 （adj )（adj )

例：tiresome, troublesome, burelensome

-ward向...的.朝...的 （adv )

例：eastward, outward, unward, backward, forward, westward例：windy, shady, muddy, icy, healthy, wealthy

-en（及物动词后缀）（使）成为，（使）变得更 （v )

例：harden, shorten, deepen, sharpen, strengthen, frighten, widen

-age行为，情况，总称 （n )

例：marriage, usage, percentage, advantage

-ance, ancy,ence,ency行为，行为结果，状态，性质 （n )

例：abundance, guidance, excellence, frequency

-ice构成抽象名词表行为.状态.性质 （n )

例：practice, cowardice, service

-ment行为，行为的结果.手段.状态 （n )

例：payment, agreement, employment, improvement, equipment

excitement, judgement

-ion

-tude

-ty

-ure

-y

-ette, -let

-al -ary -able, -ible

-ic

-ive

-ate

-fy

-ize, -ise

胡老师讲义

行为.结果.状态 （n )

例：

creation, pollution, expansion, foundation, invitation, interpretation表情况.性质 （n ）例：

gratitude, longitude, multitude, solitude状态.性质

例：

beauty, loyalty, safety, certainty (n ）

行为（结果）.状态 （n )例：

failure, mixture, closure, moisture

情况，能力 （n )例：

recovery, modesty, misery, mastery

小 （n )例：

cassette, cigarette, tablet, booklet

属于...的 （a )例：personal, musical, global, govemmental

与...相关的，属于...的 （a )例：

secondary, elementary, planetary

能...的，可...的 （adj )例：

desirable, agreeable, lovable, comfortable, possible, responsible属于...的 （adj )例：

civic, academic, graphic

有...倾向的 (adj )例：

active, massive, constructive

做，造，成，使成分 （v )例：

fascinate, decorate, evaporate

使成为 (v )例：

identify, purify, simplify, electrify, qualify

（使 ）成为（及物v后缀） （v )例：realize, mechanize, criticise