Ⅰ.阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2019·南昌一模)Some of the best cycling routes in the world pass through the most beautiful scenery.Here are some of world's best bike routes for cyclists who are either up for having a good sweat or simply seeing the world without leaving an ugly carbon footprint behind.
The Great Ocean Road，Victoria，Australia
If you like a challenge，take on this 243-kilometer windy road along Australia's south-eastern coast.If a day is all you've got，take the 60-kilometer route from Torquay to Bells Beach.There you'll cycle through rural farmland，enjoy the sweeping ocean views from cliff tops，and snake past the wetlands around Lake Connewarre.
The Udaipur City Tour，Rajasthan，India
Biking is arguably the best way to explore Udaipur，Venice of the East.
Cyclists often need to cycle past herdsmen and their goats and camels，sharing narrow，old pavements in this romantic place.But surrounded by ancient castles and grand palaces，Udaipur brings about one of the best biking experiences，allowing cyclists to truly discover rural India.
The Karakoram Highway，China-Pakistan
The Karakoram Highway is the highest international road in the
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world，reaching an altitude of 4，717 meters near the Khunjerab Pass.Starting in Kashgar，China，cyclists can travel up to 1，200 kilometers on mostly unpaved roads，but the views are as breathtaking as the riding.
The Route of the Hiawatha，Idaho-Montana，United States Take your family out to Montana this summer and cycle along the most scenic disused railroad in the country.The railroad turned bike trail turns into 24 kilometers of leisure biking that takes you over seven trestles(栈桥) and through 10 tunnels，with the longest one，the Taft Tunnel，stretching for 2.7 kilometers.
1．In which tour can you enjoy the seaside scenery? A．The Great Ocean Road. B．The Udaipur City Tour. C．The Karakoram Highway. D．The Route of the Hiawatha.
2．What can you do on the Udaipur City Tour? A．Go to Venice. B．Feed wild animals. C．Visit cultural relics. D．Enjoy modern architectures.
3．What's special about the Karakoram Highway? A．It is a totally undeveloped route. B．It goes along an abandoned railway. C．It owns the longest tunnel in the world. D．It lies higher than other international roads. 体裁：应用文 题材：旅游 主题：最佳骑行路线
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【语篇解读】 该文介绍了几个最佳的骑行路线。
1．解析：细节理解题。根据The Great Ocean Road，Victoria，Australia部分第一句中的“coast”和最后一句中的“There you'll cycle through rural farmland，enjoy the sweeping ocean views from cliff tops，and snake past the wetlands around Lake Connewarre”，并结合题干可知，在骑行中可以享受到海边风景的是澳大利亚的这条骑行路线。
答案：A
2．解析：推理判断题。根据The Udaipur City Tour，Rajasthan. India部分最后一句“But surrounded by ancient castles and grand palaces，Udaipur brings about one of the best biking experiences，allowing cyclists to truly discover rural India”可知，在这条骑行路线中，Udaipur被古城堡和宏伟的宫殿所环绕，由此可推知，在这条骑行路线中，骑行者可以参观文化遗址。
答案：C
3．解析：细节理解题。根据The Karakoram Highway，China-Pakistan部分中的“The Karakoram Highway is the highest international road in the world”可推知，the Karakoram Highway比世界上的其他路要高。
答案：D
B
(2019·合肥高二质量检测)Created by Casey and Shelley Black，the Northern Lights Wildlife Wolf Centre focuses on not only rescuing young abandoned wolves but educating the public.Unlike other centres，you can actually walk with the wolves and have exciting，hands-on interaction with them here.And so，we gathered on late
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winter morning to learn，prepare and walk.
Scrappy and Flora，our wolves that day，were brought to the centre when only a few days old.“They lived in the house with us for the first several months.We treated them like human babies，fed them and slept with them，”said Shelley.So，they are totally used to people.However，these are wild animals.For that reason，Shelley and Casey explained，the walk is totally on the wolf's terms.“We don't approach them，but if they come up to us，we can touch them.”
With all this in mind，we headed for the woods.We were walking on a logging road when suddenly，Flora，all 60 pounds of her，hurried up to me and raised up on her legs.She was almost as tall as me.As she leaned in，put her huge muddy paws on my shoulders and sniffed my face，apparently she was saying hello in wolf talk.
We walked farther，maybe half a mile，while Scrappy and Flora dashed in and out of the woods stopping to occasionally roll in the snow，dig for this or that and just play.Then we all headed into the trees to a picturesque(美丽的)stream where the wolves splashed，drank and had a great time.
One could point out that this whole adventure was staged (筹划) and quite artificial.But the purpose，Casey and Shelley said，is to explain the wolves' place in the environment and，primarily，to let people know wolves don't have to be universally feared—they really don't hide secretly in the woods just waiting to eat people，but they'd rather avoid people，for the most part.
4．How is the Northern Lights Wildlife Wolf Centre different from others?
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A．It trains and educates wild wolves.
B．It aims to rescue young abandoned wolves. C．It raises wolves for commercial purposes. D．It allows visitors to take a walk with wolves.
5．What can be inferred from Shelley and Casey's explanation in Paragraph 2?
A．The walk can be potentially dangerous. B．The wolves have lost all their wildness. C．People should get close to the wolves actively. D．The wolves can read people's mind like human babies. 6．Why did Flora behave like that when she saw the author on the logging road?
A．To express curiosity. B．To show friendliness. C．To attract attention. D．To seek companionship.
7．Why do Casey and Shelley organize such an adventure? A．To advertise the centre. B．To publicize wolf hunting.
C．To promote environmental protection. D．To clarify some conventional views of wolves.
体裁：记叙文 题材：旅游 主题：北光野狼中心的徒步旅行 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者去北光野狼中心徒步旅行的经历。
4．解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“Unlike other centres，you can actually walk with the wolves”可知，在北光野狼中
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心游客能够和狼一起散步，故选D。
答案：D
5．解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第四、五句可知，尽管狼已完全适应了和人待在一起。但是他们是野生动物；又根据本段最后两句“For that reason，Shelley and Casey explained，the walk is totally on the wolf's terms.‘We don't approach them，but if they come up to us，we can touch them.’”可推知，和狼散步可能存在潜在的危险。
答案：A
6．解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“apparently she was saying hello in wolf talk”可知，Flora的举动显然是在用狼的说话方式表达问候，因此B项正确。
答案：B
7．解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“But the purpose...but they'd rather avoid people，for the most part”可推知，Casey和Shelley组织这个冒险旅行的目的是澄清一些关于狼的守旧观点。
答案：D
C
(2019·潍坊高三模拟)Plants cannot run or hide，so they need other strategies to avoid being eaten.Some curl up their leaves，others produce chemicals to make themselves taste bad if they sense animals drooling on them，chewing them up or laying eggs on them—all signals of an attack.New research now shows some flora can feel a plant-eating animal well before it launches an attack，letting a plant prepare a preemptive (先发制人的) defense that even works against other pest species.
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When ecologist John Orrock of the University of Wisconsin -Madison sprayed snail slime—a liquid the animals release as they slide along—onto soil，nearby tomato plants appeared to notice.They increased their levels of an enzyme (酶)，which is known to prevent plant-eating animals.“None of the plants were ever actually attacked，”Orrock says.“We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming，and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”
Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study，his team measured the slimy warning's impact on another potential threat.The investigators found that hungry caterpillars(毛虫) ，which usually eat tomato leaves greedily，had no appetite for them after the plants were exposed to snail slime and activated their chemical resistance.This nonspecific defense may be a strategy that benefits the plants by further improving their overall possibilities of survival，says Orrock，who reported the results with his colleagues in March in Oecologia.
The finding that a snail's approach can cause a plant response that affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious，a plant communications expert，who was not involved in the study.“It is significant that the plants are responding before being damaged and that these cues are having such far-ranging effects，”Karban says.The research was comprehensive，he adds，but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.
“That's the million-dollar question，”Orrock says.He hopes
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future research will make out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues.
8．John Orrock sprayed a liquid onto soil near tomato plants to__________．
A．make them grow better B．give them a warning
C．keep plant-eating animals away D．inform plant-eating animals of danger
9．Why is the example of “caterpillars” mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A．To introduce another animal. B．To confirm the result of the study. C．To appeal to people to protect animals. D．To analyze different resistance chemicals. 10．What does Richard Karban really want to know? A．How tomato plants become aware of danger. B．What the chemicals in the snail slime are. C．Whether the research is of practical value. D．What the finding of the research is. 11．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Watchful Plants B．Greedy Animals C．A Snail's Approach D．A Defense Attack 体裁：说明文 题材：科学研究 主题：警觉的植物
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了一项新的科学研究。研究表明植物会对外在威胁相当警觉，会自动作出反应进行自我保护。
8．解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“‘We just gave them
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cues that suggested an attack was coming，and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.’”可推知，John Orrock在西红柿植株附近的泥土上喷洒液体的目的是给予植物一种警告，让它们能够产生自我保护性反应，且其与第三段第一句中的“...his team measured the slimy warning's impact on another potential threat”呼应，故选B。
答案：B
9．解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails；in the latest study，his team measured the slimy warning's impact on another potential threat”可推知，文章中提到毛虫的例子是为了验证研究的结果，故选B。
答案：B
10．解析：推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“The research was comprehensive，he adds，but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them”，并结合对最后一段的整体理解可推知，Richard Karban实际上想了解的是西红柿植株是如何意识到危险的，故选A。
答案：A
11．解析：标题判断题。根据文章中的关键词plant，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲述的是有关植物的科学研究，研究发现植物有对外在威胁或攻击的自我保护性反应，故选A。
答案：A Ⅱ.阅读七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
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(2019·唐山高三质量检测)I did not go on my first hike until my mid-30s.I could blame it on the fact that I grew up on the Great Plains of South Dakota and North Dakota.__1__Having never gone，I didn't see the value and always shook my head when asked.
__2__At the urging of my wife，and with my two young kids，we walked a beautiful forest path on a cool August morning.I carried a small backpack with water and snacks(小吃)．When we reached the top，we ate lunch together overlooking a perfectly still pond and a scenic Vermont.
A few weeks ago，my 11-year-old son，my 61-year-old dad，and I hiked Camelback Mountain in Phoenix.Last weekend，I hiked down the Grand Canyon with my son along the South Kaibab Trail.And later this week，my wife and daughter will join us to walk the Waterfall Trail in the White Tank Mountains.__3__ Now，just to be clear，by no means would I classify myself as all expert hiker.__4__And I have no plans to climb Mount Kilimanjaro or walk the Appalachian Trail.But waking early on a Saturday morning to walk 3-5 miles along a forest path with lunch in the backpack is a journey I'd recommend to anyone.
It is healthy physical exercise that creates wonderful memories.__5__And given the chance，hiking teaches us important truths about life.
A．Most of our hikes only last 2 hours. B．I've fallen in love with climbing mountains. C．I love the stillness and calm of an empty path. D．But mostly，to be honest，I just wasn't interested. E．If you can climb a mountain，you can do anything.
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F．It provides an opportunity to slow down and disconnect. G．I went on my first hike a few years back while living in Vermont.
体裁：记叙文 题材：个人经历 主题：远足
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者直到35岁左右才开始第一次远足而后喜欢上爬山的经历，作者认为这种锻炼方式提供了一个让生活慢下来、脱离尘世的机会。
1．解析：前一句讲到，“我”可以把35岁左右之前从未远足过归咎于“我”生活在大平原上，结合空后一句可知，此处隐含的意思是：真实原因并非如此。故选择D项“但是老实说，我主要是不感兴趣罢了”。
答案：D
2．解析：第一段讲“我”对远足不感兴趣，本空之后讲的是“我”的一次远足经历，因此空处应涉及一次远足的内容，故答案为G。
答案：G
3．解析：上一段讲第一次远足的经历，本段讲其后的远足经历和计划，故本空为总结句，应表示经过了第一次远足后，“我”爱上了爬山，故选B。
答案：B
4．解析：前一句讲到“我”不认为自己是一个专业远足者，后一句讲“我”并没有计划去爬世界高峰或挑战高难度的远足，因此本空应该讲“我”远足的运动强度不高，故选A项。
答案：A
5．解析：前后两句都在讲远足的好处，故此处也应是同样的，故选F项“它(远足)提供了一个让生活慢下来、脱离尘世的机会”。
答案：F
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