第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Three Things to Do Before You Are 18
Are you bored with your daily life? Here are some things you should try before you are 18. ★Learn to swim
Seriously, this is so important that it can save your life. If you can’t swim well, you won’t be able to dowater sports like waterskiing, surfing and diving. Even taking a boat trip will be dangerous for you. Make sure you do it.
★Try at least one kind of team sports
Being a good team player is an important skill in life. You can’t just think of yourself, but have to work well with other people. Other advantages of team sports like basketball, football and baseball are that they keep you fit and healthy, and they are also great fun. Teams usually have a good social life too—you’ll go to lots of parties and make many friends.
★Collect something
One of the best hobbies for under-18s is collecting things. You could collect kinds of stamps, or you could collect things that make you remember what you have done, like cinema tickets for films you have seen or letters from friends. The best way to collect is to have a special album to put your collection in and to write what each thing means to you. That way you won’t forget.
1. The most important reason for learning to swim is that ________. A. you might feel well B. it can make you healthy C. you might easily do lots of things D. it can save your life 2. The writer tells us that one of the best hobbies is to ________ . A. collect something B. do some water sports
C. send letters to your friends D. play basketball with your friends 23. The passage is mainly about ________before you are 18. A. good habits to keep B. skills to have C. things to do D. sports to play
B
The race skywards began inAmerica. In the late1800s, industrialization had driven urban populations and land prices up, making tall buildings increasingly cost-effective, according to Carol Willis, director of theSkyscraperMuseuminNew York, “The very first tall buildings were office buildings that concentrated a work force, piled one on top of the other in order to make business very efficient, ”she says.
Like all major changes in architecture, the trend wasunderpinnedby engineering. The development of steel framework, which could be used instead of load-bearing stones, made it easier and cheaper to build tall. The coming of the elevator, meanwhile, made living on higher floors far more convenient.
Though similar in shape, today's skyscrapers (摩天大楼) look little like those built in the first half of the 20thcentury. This is mostly thanks to architecture's next major technological shift：the curtain wall.
Postwar developments in manufacturing meant that huge panes of glass could be produced quickly and uniformly, and glass windows soon became the front of choice for high-rises. As well as allowing for greater floor space and more natural light, glass exteriors (外部) help. buildings resist greater windloads.
There are now 191 completed skyscrapers that are at least 300 meters tall. But that doesn't mean our cities will grow taller indefinitely. While each additional story adds sellable floor space, construction costs also rise. All buildings reach a point where adding an extra floor will cost more money than it brings.
“Every city wants to have this landmark that gives that sense of distinct culture, ”but it also needs places for people to live and work in urban settings“without the city sprawling (无序扩张), ”explains Hong Kong architect Simon Chan.
The next big challenge facing architects goes beyond height：At a time when buildings and their construction account for more than a third of the world's energy consumption and contribute about 40% of greenhouse gas emissions(排放), there are new costs to consider.
Whether it's employing more energy-efficient materials, encouraging natural air or using buildings themselves to generate solar or wind energy, reducing carbon emissions is the new frontier for many skyscraper architects.
4. What does the underlined word“underpinned” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Created. B. Prepared. C. Suggested. D. Supported.
5. What made living on higher floors much more convenient?
A. The development of steel framework. B. Load-bearing stones. C. The use of the elevator. D. The curtain wall.
6. What can we know from paragraph 5? A. Our cities will grow taller definitely. B. All skyscrapers are at least 300 meters tall. C. Construction cost rises as the stories increase.
D. The profit for builders will be greater as the building becomes higher. 7. What's the next big challenge facing architects? A. How to build the greenest building. B. How to build the strongest building. C. How to build the tallest building in the world. D. How to build the most comfortable building.
C
Ivrea is a town in the Piedmont province of northern Italy. It is known for its localcarnival（狂欢节）organized in February.
The main part of the carnival is the famous Battle of the Oranges (La battaglia delle arance). The Battle includes nine teams who throw oranges at each other during three carnival days – Sunday, Monday and Tuesday.
Oranges were not always used in the battle. In the middle ages people used beans. Twice a year the local feudal lord gave a pot of beans to the poor families who, as sign of rebellion, threw them out of their homes. Later beans became part of carnival as sort of “ammunition” for throwing at people passing by.
It is still not known why exactly people started using oranges. It is believed that the origin for this tradition is in the mid 19th century. The legend says that local girls, standing on balconies, started to throw some oranges, together with confetti,lupins(白羽扇豆)and flowers, onto the parade carriages. The girls actually wanted to draw attention of boysin the carriages. Boys “answered” by throwing some objects back at girls. Little battle started that way.
Battle of the Oranges got strict rules after the World War II. The battles are organized on town's squares. The battles are fought between teams in carriages (symbolizing local the guards of localtyrant(恶霸)) and the teams walking beside those carriages (symbolizing rebellious people of Ivrea).
Oranges for the event are brought from the island of Sicily. The oranges used are of low quality, not suitable for humans. About 270,000 kilograms of oranges are used each year.
The carnival ends with a silent march on the night of “Fat Tuesday”. The Carnival \"general\" says goodbye to everyone with the phrase \"See you next Fat Thursday at 1 p.m.\"
Special prizes are awarded to three best foot teams, three carriages drawn by two horses and three carriages drawn by four horses. Different elements are judged like for example throwing ability, fair play or decoration of carriages.
8. The word \"ammunition\" (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to________.
A. decoration B. bullets C. advertisement D. presents 9. In Battle of the Oranges, the teams walking beside carriages act as ________. A. the Carnival general B. the local feudal lord
C. the rebellious people of Ivrea D. the guards of local tyrant(暴君) 10. Which of the following statements about Battle of the Oranges is NOT true? A. In the middle ages, people threw beans out of homes as a sign of rebellion.
B. Girls throw oranges towards carriages in the parade to attract the attention of boys inside. C. Tons of oranges are used every year to hold the festival.
D. People started to throw oranges because they are of low quality and not suitable to eat. 11. What is this passage mainly about? A. A traditional activity in an Italian carnival B. The origin of Battle of the Orange
C. How people enjoy themselves in the Orange Carnival D. The rules of activities in carnivals in Italy
D
Conducting interviews for news stories is an important skill for any journalist. To start, do as much research as you can and prepare a list of questions to ask. Once the interview starts, try to develop a rapport(融洽的关系) with your \"source\"—anyone a journalist interviews, but don't waste your time. If your source starts to talk about things that are clearly of no use to you, don't be afraid to gently but firmly turn the conversationback to the topic at hand.
It's an old debate among journalists: Which works better when interviewing a source, taking notes (the old-fashioned way) or using a cassette or digital voice recorder? Both have their advantages and disadvantages. A reporter's notebook and a pen or pencil are the easy-to-use, time-honored tools of the interviewing trade, while recorders enable you to get everything someone says word for word. Which works better? It depends on what kind of story you're doing.
Many beginning reporters complain that with a notepad and pen, they can never take down everything a
source says in an interview. But you don't have to note everything down. Keep in mind that you're probably not going to use everything they say in your story. So don't worry if youlet slipa few things.
So you've done a long interview with a source, you have pages of notes, and you're ready to write. But chances are you'll only be able to choose a few quotes from that information collected directly from the source. Which ones should you use? Reporters often talk about using only \"good\" quotes for their stories, but what does this mean? Broadly speaking, when someone says something interesting, and says it in an interesting way, that can make a good quote.
12. What is a journalist advised to do during an interview?
A. Be gentle with the source. B. Carry on a long conversation.
C. Make the conversation interesting. D. Prevent the conversation being off-topic. 13. What do the underlined words \"let slip\" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. give away B. leave out C. get rid of D. take up 14. What is considered as a good quote for a reporter? A. A direct quote. B. An important point of view.
C. A piece of basic information. D. Something funny a source says interestingly. 15. What is the text mainly about?
A. The job of a journalist. B. The process of interviewing.
C Some facts about interviewing. D. The relationship between a journalist and a source. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项
Over the years, we are witnessing the rise of drone（无人机）applications.___16___Here are some wonderful applications of drones that can help us know more about their impressive capabilities.
Drones can be used for search and rescue operations. Drones these days are equipped with certain sensors so they are able to locate the position of lost persons and work in a challenging area. The search and rescue operations once suffered a lot due to the lack of technology.___17___They can be used for searching and are capable enough to drop supplies at unreachable locations.
___18___This may be one of the biggest achievements of drone technology as they are now able to serve farmers for many purposes. Drones can help study the health of the crops and farmers could act accordingly. They can also help farmers spray fertilizers, pesticides and water for crops.
As advanced drone units are capable enough to carry heavy loads, they can be used for shipping and delivery
applications. They will help people get instant service for their requested products.___19___Thus, people can get their food orders within a short time.
Another important use of drones lies in weather forecasting. This has given new light to the concept of predicting the weather conditions. With exceptional cameras and effective sensors, these drones can collect important information that could aid in weather forecasts.___20___
As we can see, drones have found a vast number of applications in different areas. This is such a fun area to keep our eyes on, and the technology might just keep surprising us! A.We can see them used in various fields. B.Drones are applied to the field of agriculture. C.Besides, they won't get stuck in the traffic jam. D.Drones can be used to study the health of farmers. E.This could significantly increase the delivery time.
F.But now drones can make everything possible within a few minutes.
G.For instance, sending drones into the hurricanes or tornadoes could bring back essential data. 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
I had to work as a substitute teacher (代课老师) before finding a full-time teaching job. One day, I____21____my first substitute job at a school.The___22___said that I had to arrive at school at 8:00 am when I would sign in.
As it was my___23___day at this school, I made sure of leaving plenty of___24___to get to school. I got up early so I___25___at the school at about 7:50 am. I sat in my car for ten minutes playing with my phone to___26___time. Then I walked into the teaching building and up to the reception (接待) desk at 8:00. When I told the receptionist my___27___, she shouted at me for being___28___and said that the headmaster was managing the class until I___29___.
I said the email I received____30____told me to arrive at school at 8:00, but the receptionist said what I said was a(n)____31____. I finally gave up trying to____32____with her, went up to the classroom, and took over the class from the____33____.
During the____34____, I was sitting in the office when the headmaster____35____and asked why I was late. I____36____that the email had given the wrong information. He said that even though that was what the email said, I____37____should have gotten to school before 8:00 am because that’s what____38____people do, in case
something unexpected might happen.
The headmaster’s____39____had a strong influence on me, and then I____40____to become a smart person. Since then I have never been late for school.
21. A.created B.lost C.did D.got 22. A.email B.pack C.call D.report 23. A.busy B.big C.first D.hard 24. A.power B.time C.money D.space 25. A.arrived B.taught C.pointed D.shouted 26. A.set B.check C.save D.kill
27. A.survey B.number C.name D.address 28. A.polite B.careless C.strong D.late
29. A.gave in B.looked around C.showed up D.dropped out 30. A.clearly B.repeatedly C.openly D.usually 31. A.trap B.result C.excuse D.fact 32. A.agree B.argue C.go D.compare
33. A.guard B.student C.professor D.headmaster 34. A.rest B.training C.study D.meeting 35. A.stopped B.escaped C.entered D.laughed 36. A.remembered B.explained C.guessed D.hoped 37. A.only B.still C.even D.almost 38. A.funny B.honest C.kind D.clever 39. A.spelling B.words C.suffering D.books 40. A.decided B.happened C.failed D.refused 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Some scientists think____41.____idea of people living on Mars will come true one day. Stephen Hawking believed humans must move into space to survive. “Once we spread out into space and establish____42.____(dependent) colonies, our future should be safe,” he said, Robert Zubrin, a rocket scientist, agrees and thinks starting with Mars____43.____(make) the most sense. He thinks sending people to Mars will allow us to learn a lot--for example, about the ability of humans to live in a very different environment.
However, scientists will need to terraform Mars for people to be able to live. Terraforming means changing the environment on a planet so that it is similar to Earth's. One of the main goals of terraforming Mars is to warm it up____44.____the average temperature there is about -60°C. One idea for warming Mars is to build factories there____45.____produce greenhouse gases. This could take many____46.____(century). However, it should lead to rainfall and the growth of plants,____47.____(result) in more air that people can breathe.
Another big concern for scientists is whether humans can move to Mars and still live____48.____(healthy) in mind and body. Not to feel bored, humans on Mars would always need to keep____49.____(they) busy with various activities. And the people living together should all be able to get_____50._____and work together. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节短文改错（满分10分） 51.单句改错
Hardly had I left my house while it began to snow. The rescue services are still trying to put up the fire. We find difficult to talk to our guests about the recent events. The workers were made work 12 hours a day in the past. The student apologized to the teacher for be late for class. She was terrifying at the thought of being alone. The police tried their best to search the missing boy.
After graduation, she reached a point in her career which she had to decide what to do. The world’s population has grown to more than six times that it was in 1800.
Altogether King has written more than 30 novels, many of them have been made into films. 第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你是李华，你的英国网友Harry发邮件询问你最喜欢的运动。请你根据以下所给提示，向他介绍你最喜欢的运动。内容包括：
1.何时开始喜欢上这项运动； 2.现在练习这项运动的情况； 3.你的理想。 注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当发挥，以使行文连贯。
参考答案
1. D 2. A 3. C
4. D 5. C 6. C 7. A
8. D 9. B 10. A 11. A
12. B 13. A 14. B 15. B
16. A 17. F 18. B 19. C 20. G
21. D 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. D 29. C B 33. D 34. A 35. C 36. B 37. B 38. D 39. B 40. A 41. the
42. independent
43. makes 44. because 45. that/which 46. centuries 47. resulting 48. healthily 49. themselves 50. along/on
51.(1). while→when
(2). up→out (3). find后加it (4). work前加to (5). be→being
(6). terrifying→terrified
(7). search后加for (8). which→where (9). that→what
(10). them→which或many前加and 52.略
30. A 31. C 32.
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