2021年河北衡水高中英语新高考外刊作文素材阅读讲义（104）
What will horrify your grandchildrenWhat beliefs and behaviours, commonplace today, will be condemned by future generations?2020年的世界让你的孙辈震惊的事如今人们习以为常的观点和行为中，有哪些会遭到子孙后代的谴责？
Kids these days! Lamenting the loose morals and poor choices of the young is a timeless trope. They wear outrageous clothes! They listen to dreadful music! They have no respect for their elders! But inter-generational criticism is a two-way street: every generation also decries the unenlightened beliefs and behaviours of its elders. They owned slaves! They denied women the vote! They criminalised homosexuality! The nature of social change means that some beliefs and behaviours that are common today are sure to be considered unacceptable within a few decades. So what aspects of the world in 2020 will horrify future generations?现在的孩子啊！哀叹年轻人道德败坏、选择不当是一个永恒的主题。他们穿的都是些什么奇装异服啊！听的什么破音乐啊！一点儿也不尊敬长辈！但代际间的批评是一条双向道，每一代人也都会指责前人观念蒙昧、行为落伍。他们蓄奴！不给女性投票权！还将同性恋定罪！社会变迁的本质意味着，今天普遍存在的某些观念和行为在几十年后肯定会被认为不可接受。那么，2020年世界的哪些方面会让我们的子孙后代惊愕不已呢？
• lament /lə'mɛnt/ vi. 悲叹；悔恨；哀悼
• loose 道德败坏的
• a loose woman 荡妇
• loose morals 放荡的品行
• moral /'mɔrəl/ n. 道德
• trope /trəʊp/ a significant or recurrent theme; a motif 重要（或频频出现）的
主题; 主线
• She uses the Eucharist as a pictorial trope.
• 她把圣餐作为绘画主线。
• decry /dɪ'kraɪ/ vt. 公开反对;谴责
• unenlightened /ˌʌnɪnˈlaɪtənd/ not having or showing an enlightened
outlook未受启发的; 愚昧无知的
• unenlightened rules 不文明的规则
• deny sb sth
• She could deny her son nothing.
• 她对她儿子有求必应。
• criminalize /ˈkrɪmɪnəlaɪz/ 使（某种活动）成为犯罪行为, 使非法化
• the law that criminalizes assisted suicide
• 使辅助自杀非法化的法律
• The most obvious candidate is failing to do more to combat climate change.
Future generations will surely ask why, given the abundance of evidence of environmental harm, so little was done about it for so long. Elderly people in the 2050s may find themselves hiding the digital evidence of long-haul air travel in their youth, and insisting that they only ever went on holiday by train. Even going on holiday at all may come to be seen as irresponsible and decadent at best, and immoral at worst. The ultimate form of ecotourism is to stay at home.最明显的选项是未能采取更多措施抗击气候变化。后人肯定会问，既然环境危害的证据不胜枚举，为何这么长时间以来我们对此几乎无所作为。到本世纪50年代迈入老年的人可能会隐藏自己年轻时长途航空旅行的数字证据，并坚称从来都是乘火车去度假。就连度假本身，往轻里说也是不负责任的贪图享乐，说严重了那就是不道德。“生态游”的终极形式就是在家待着。
• long-haul flight/route/destination etc
• a long-haul flight etc is over a very long distance 长途飞行/路线/旅程目的地等
• combat /kəmˈbæt; ˈkɒmbæt/ vt. 与…战斗；反对
• decadent/ˈdekədənt/ luxuriously self-indulgent 放纵的, 堕落的
• a decadent soak in a scented bath
• 在香薰浴缸中纵情浸泡
• at best 充其量, 至多
• used to refer to a result, condition, etc., that is the best one possible even
though it is not very good
• at worst
• used to refer to a result, condition, etc., that is the worst one possible
• ecotourism /əkəu'tuərizəm/ n. 生态旅游
• Another area where social attitudes are shifting rapidly, at least in the
West, is eating meat. As meat substitutes such as the Impossible burger, which is made from plant-based protein but is indistinguishable from beef, improve and get cheaper, the case for giving up meat—in particular beef, which has the largest environmental footprint—will get stronger. People who do not object to meat on ethical or animal-welfare grounds may opt to give it up for environmental reasons, particularly if substitutes allow them to have their steak and eat it. Consumption continues to rise in the developing world, but serving real meat at an Islington or Williamsburg dinner party may come to be considered beyond the
pale.社会态度正发生迅速转变的另一个方面是吃肉，至少在西方是如此。随着肉类替代品如“不可思议汉堡”（Impossible burger，由植物蛋白制成，但与牛肉难以区分）品质改良且价格下降，放弃吃肉（尤其是环境足迹最大的牛肉）的理由将变得更加充分。有的人不会基于道德或动物福利的原因反对吃肉，却可能出于对环境的考虑而放弃它，特别是如果替代品能让牛排与环保兼得的话。发展中国家的肉类消费持续上升，但在伊斯灵顿或威廉斯堡的晚宴上端上真肉可能会变成出格的举动。
• substitute/ˈsʌbstɪtjuːt/a person or thing that you use instead of the one that
you usually have, because the usual one is not available 代替物，替代品
•
a sugar substitute 糖的代用品
• a father substitute 父亲的替身
• protein /ˈprəʊtiːn/ 蛋白质
• indistinguishable /ˌɪndɪsˈtɪŋgwɪʃəbl/ 难以分辨的，难以区分的
• [+ from ]
• an artificial material that is almost indistinguishable from real silk
• 与真丝几乎无法区分的人造材料
• case
• a set of reasons why something should happen or be done 理由，论据 [+ for ]
• A group of us met to make our case for more women in the cabinet.
• 我们一帮人聚在一起讨论在内阁中增加妇女席位的理由。
• the case for...will get stronger ......的理由将变得更加充分
• ethical /ˈeθɪkəl/（与）道德规范（有关）的;（与）伦理（有关）的
• on...grounds 因为......原因
• beyond the pale
• offensive or unacceptable〔行为〕不可容忍的，越轨的
• His opinions are entirely beyond the pale.
• 他的观点让人忍无可忍。
• But it's not all environmental. Widespread opposition to immigration may
be seen as a moral failing in future. Workers become far more productive when they move from a poor country to a rich one; any loosening of restrictions on migration would help migrants and the countries they move to alike. People in rich countries claim to want to help the poor, but worry about the impact of migrants on jobs, security and social cohesion, prompting governments to limit
migrant flows. Future generations may take a dim view of this.可不只有环境问题。广泛存在的反移民在未来可能被视为道德沦丧。劳动者从穷国迁移到富国后生产效率会大幅提升，任何对移民限制的放松都将有益于移民和东道国。富裕国家的人们声称想要帮助穷人，但又担心移民会影响就业、安全和社会凝聚力，这促使政府限制移民流动。后世的人们可能对此观感不佳。
• alike 同样地 adv
• cohesion /kəʊˈhiːʒən/ 团结，凝聚（力)
• a sense of community and social cohesion
• 一种团体和社会凝聚感
• take a dim view of sth
• to disapprove of something 不赞同某事，对某事持否定态度
• Miss Watson took a dim view of Paul's behaviour.
• 沃森小姐对保罗的行为持否定态度。
• Contemporary attitudes towards gender identity and sexuality, which are
evolving rapidly, will be considered hopelessly unenlightened at best, and deeply prejudiced at worst, as new family models and living arrangements emerge. Old assumptions (such as the notion that a child must have two biological parents)
will increasingly be questioned as technology further separates sex from reproduction.随着新的家庭模式和生活安排方式的出现，当代正经历迅速演变的对于性别认同和性的态度轻则将被视为愚昧不堪，重则会被认为存在严重偏见。由于科技进一步将性与生殖分割开来，旧观念（如孩子必须要有两个亲生父母）将越来越受到质疑。
• reproduction /ˌriːprəˈdʌkʃən/
• the production of offspring by a sexual or asexual process 繁殖, 繁育
• Our grandchildren will also decry the widespread overuse of antibiotics,
which fosters the emergence of drug-resistant superbugs. As existing antibiotics become ineffective, even minor surgery could be life-threatening, as it was in the pre-antibiotic era. Future generations will ask why so little effort was made to develop new antibiotics, given that it takes at least a decade to bring a new drug to market.我们的孙辈还将谴责普遍存在的抗生素滥用。抗生素滥用助长了具抗药性的超级细菌的出现。随着现有抗生素失去效力，即便是小手术也可能危及生命，就像在抗生素出现前的时代那样。鉴于一种新药上市至少需要十年的时间，后世会问我们这代人为什么在开发新的抗生素方面做得如此之少。
Pretty much the only certainty about the future is that some aspects of life today will be condemned by generations to come. We should remember that before congratulating ourselves on being more enlightened than our ancestors.关于未来，唯一可以确定的差不多就是当今生活的某些方面会受到后代的指责。在因为自己比祖先更开明而沾沾自喜之前，我们要谨记这一点。
• pretty much/well/nearly
• almost
• I can pretty well guarantee that he'll be back in time.
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