2019年高考英语全国卷语法填空题中对动词的考查■湖南省长沙县实验中学鲁姣英
语法填空中，对动词的考查几乎占了半壁江山。请看下表：2019年动词名词形容词副词
介词冠词连词全国卷1412111全国卷2502012全国卷3
4
1
3
1
0
1
因此，在高考备考中掌握动词的用法尤为重要。
动词在句中可充当谓语和非谓语。谓语又要结合语境来判断其时态、语态和主谓一致；而非谓语呢，有动名词、现在分词、过去分词和不定式四种形式。
时态
谓语动词
被动语态主谓一致
动词
不定式（todo）
非谓语动词
现在分词/动名词（doing）过去分词（done）
一、真题回顾
我们看一下2019年高考全国卷语法填空中对动词考查的具体题目。
全国Ⅰ卷
1.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunayut
65
(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements.
2.Modernmethodsof/for_trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive
64
(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.
3.Scientistshaverespondedby
67
(note)thathungry
bearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements.
4.Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six70
(be)stable,oneisincreasing,
andninelackenoughdata.
Keys:1.havereported2.toperform3.noting
4.are
全国Ⅱ卷
5.A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”
for61(be)Britain’soldestfull-timeemployee-stillworking
40hoursaweek.
6.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award，proudIrene
64
(declare)shehadnoplans
65
(retire)
fromher36-year-oldbusiness.
7.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI
66
(make)overtheyears.
8.Whenwegotacall
68
(say)shewasshort-listed，
wethoughtitwasajoke.
Keys:5.being6.declared;toretire
7.havemade
8.
saying
全国Ⅲ卷
9.Onourwaytothehouse，itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake62
(get)
there.
10.Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand65(recommend)wonderfulplacestoeat，shop，andvisit.
11.Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay，we69
(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmonthe
NorthShoreunderthestars，70
(listen)tomusiciansand
meetinginterestinglocals.
Keys:9.toget10.recommended11.wereinvited;listening既然对动词的考查占这么大的比重，那么，我们要怎样来解决相关的问题呢？
二、解题思路
要填出这些动词的正确的形式，首先得区分谓语动词和非谓语动词。
凡是句子都有谓语，所以我们先找句中的谓语。谓语动词
Step1确定句中是否缺谓语或并列谓语，如缺谓语动词，则需填谓语动词。
Step2若需填谓语动词，就要看主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系，以确定用主动语态还是被动语态，同时还要根据语境考虑用哪种时态。
Step3要注意主谓一致。
[例1]Ilovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthe
friendsI
66
(make)overtheyears.
分析：主语I后还没有别的谓语动词，故make是谓语动词；又由overtheyears可知，用现在完成时，故填havemade。
广东教育·高中2019年第9期49
应考方略英语胜经
[例2]Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand
65
(recommend)wonderfulplacestoeat，shop，andvis鄄
it.（全国卷3）
分析：句中shared是谓语动词，由空格前的and可知，recommend与shared并列，即并列谓语，故也用一般过去时，故填recommended。
[例3]Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay，we
69
(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,listeningtomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.
分析：句中we是的主语，那么invite则是谓语；又因we和invite是被动关系，故用被动语态；最后，结合整个语篇的时态是一般过去时，所以填wereinvited。
非谓语动词
Step1若句中已有谓语，也不是作并列谓语时，则应填非谓语动词。
Step2根据非谓语动词在句中所作句子成分、句式的特殊要求，或某些词语的特殊要求，确定用哪种非谓语动词形式。如作目的状语一般用不定式形式，作主语或宾语用-ing形式或不定式，在enjoy，finish,include,avoid等动词后作宾语用-ing形式，在decide，refuse等动词后用不定式形式，等等。
Step3确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系。Step4根据非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作发生的先后关系确定用一般式还是用完成式。如：
[例4]Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award，proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplans65
(retire)fromher36-
year-oldbusiness.
分析：delclare后是一个宾语从句，从句中已有谓语动词had；而且没有其它连词，所以retire为非谓语动词；因计划做某事，也就是还没有发生的动词，即未来的动作，要用不定式，故填toretire。
[例5]Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay，wewerein鄄vitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars，70
(listen)tomusiciansandmeet鄄inginterestinglocals.
分析：句中invite是谓语动词，而listen前是个逗号，说明是同一个句子，而一个句中，有了谓语动词，又没有出现连词，可以判断listen为非谓语动词；又因we与listen是主动关系，故用现在分词listening。
[例6]Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpen鄄sive
64
(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.
分析：句中havebeenemployed和areexpensive是并列谓语，显然perform为非谓语动词；在形容词(expensive)后做状语只能用不定式，故填toperform。
[例7]Scientistshaverespondedby
67
(note)that
hungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettle鄄
50广东教育·高中2019年第9期
ments.
分析：在介词(by)后，一般用动名词，故填noting。总结归纳：
先看句中有无谓语动词。
如果句中缺谓语，则补充谓语。综合考虑时态、语态及主谓一致。
如果句中有谓语，则再看有无连词(并列连词或从属连词)有连词，则填谓语；无连词，则是非谓语。
还要注意标点符号：句点、分号都代表着一个句子的完结；而逗号则不是。
巩固练习
1.Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforre鄄search,I________(allow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.
2.Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback
to
mydays
onaTVshowinthemid-1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporter________(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.
3.Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude________(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.
4.Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow________(be)oftenacceptable.
5.Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you’llbelesslikely________(bring)yourworkhome.
6.Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong________(see)thebenefit.
7.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof________(die)earlybyrunning.
8.Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit_______(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.
9.Since2011,thecountry________(grow)morecornthanrice.
10.Anotherreasonforcorn’srise:Thegovernmentencour鄄agesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice_______(improve)waterquality.
11.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005-whenthegovernment________(start)asoil-testingpro鄄gramwhichgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers-and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.
12.Thatpreventedtheemission(排放)of51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile________(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagri鄄
cultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,”saysthebank’sJuer鄄genVoegele.
GUANＧＤONGJIAOYUGAOZHONG
从考生作文谈高考作文的失分点与得分点■广东省佛山市三水区三水中学高中部
蒋
韬
近几年的书面表达都以应用文为主的半开放式作文，围绕着“人与自我、人与社会及人与自然”三大主题来进行考查。试题特征：划出一定范围，也给考生留出发挥的空间；突出真实的交际需求。今年的书面表达仍然传承了这一特征。
2019年全国Ⅰ卷书面表达题
假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举行中国画展。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：
1．写信目的；2．个人优势；3．能做的事情。注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.结束语已为你写好。
按理说，只要有一定的词汇和语法基础，得到高分并不难，因为试题本身不需要太多的词汇和复杂的语法知识，但为什么得分不理想呢？
我们以一篇考生作文为例（语法错误已为其修正）。DearSirorMadam,
□1Howiseverythinggoing?□2I’mLiHua,whoisastu鄄
dentfromChina.IamstudyinginLondonnow.□3IknowthatyouwillholdanexhibitionwhichisaboutChineseartinalocalgallery.I’mwritingtoyoubecauseIwanttobeavolunteer.
□4I’moutgoing,soIgetalongwellwithmyclassmates.I’minterestedinEnglish.IcanspeakEnglishwell.IthinkIhavenotroubleintalkingwithEnglish-speakingvisitors.
□5WhenIwasinmiddleschool,Itookanactivepartinallkindsofactivities.IfIcanworkforyou,Icandoalotforyou.□6Inaddition,Icanlearnalotfromthisexhibition.
I’mlookingforwardtoyourreply.
Sincerelyyours,
LiHua
答题分析
此篇作文要点似乎齐全，语句也还算通顺，但充其量也就及格分数。那么，失分点在哪里呢？
1.开头语不得体。
句□1Howiseverythinggoing是用于私人信件，是向亲戚、朋友、同学、熟人等打招呼的用语，而这是给活动主办方写信，显然不符。
2.表达繁锁。
13.Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid______(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel________(chal鄄lenge).
14.Truetoagorilla’sunaggressivenature,thehugeanimal________(mean)menorealharm.
15.Hewasjustsaying:“I’mkingofthisforest,andhereisyourreminder!”Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme________(stay)andwatch.
16.Whenfatandsalt________(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomehting.
17.Fastfood________(be)fulloffatandsalt;by________(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.
18.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,________(lay)the
trackandthenbuildingastrongroofoveritstop.
19.Steamengines________(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.
20.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,Sarahisnotspendinghalf-term________(rest)
Keys:1.wasallowedbring
6.tosee
11.started15.tosaywereused
2.permitted
8.is
3.introducing9.hasgrown
4.is
5.to
7.dying
10.toimprove
14.meant
19.
18.laying
12.feeding20.resting
13.looking,challenged
17.is,eating
16.areremoved
责任编辑蒋小青
广东教育·高中2019年第9期51
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