Book III Unit 4 Words and Expressions
Name________ Score________
Part I Translation of the difficult sentences
1. Although both my parents died young, I have done well in this respect as regards my other ancestors. _________________________________________________________________.
2. A great grandmother of mine, who was a friend of Gibbon, lived to the age of ninety-two, and to her last day remained a terror to all her descendants.
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3. If you have wide and keen interests and activities in which you can still be effective, you will have no reason to think about the merely statistical fact of the number of years you have already lived, still less of the probable brevity of your future.
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4. I never do anything whatever on the ground that it is good for health, though in actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome. _________________________________________________________________ 5. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. It is easy to think to oneself that one’s emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and one’s mind more keen. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 7. If this is true it should be forgotten, and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true.
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8. But if you are one of those who are incapable of impersonal interests, you may find that your life will be empty unless you concern yourself with your children and grandchildren.
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9. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer.
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10. The best way to overcome it—so at least it seems to me—is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Part II Words and Expressions
1. respect: n. a particular point or detail
_________________________________________________________________________________________ Collocations: in this respect 在这个方面 in every respect 在各个方面in some respects 在有些方面 in any respect 在任何方面 in no respect 绝不 2. as regards: on the subject of; concerning
_________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. cut off: (1) to cause sb. to die sooner than is normal (2) to remove sth. (from sth. larger) by cutting (3) to stop, interrupt or isolate (4) to separate sth. by cutting it away from the main part
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(Directions:) Match the above definitions with the sentences below. (1) We were cut off half way through the conversation. _____ (2) He cut off a metre of cloth from the roll. _____
(3) Disease cut Smith off in the best part of his life. _____ (4) Several villages have been cut off by the snow. _____ (5) Don’t cut your fingers off! _____ 4. inquire: v. to ask for information
_______________________________________________________________________________ Collocations: inquire about 查问; 查明 inquire after 问候;问安 inquire for 查询（货物）; 求见 inquire into 查究;调查 CF: ask, demand, inquire & question I think I’d better _____ him who he is.
The police_____ his name and address. They _____ whether he would attend the meeting.
She_____ him about his past. 5. part: v. to separate or divide
_________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.exclaim:v. to cry out suddenly and loudly for pain, anger, surprise, etc.
__________________________________________________________________________________________ CF: cry, shout, exclaim & scream 这些动词的均有“喊”、“叫”之意。cry 一般指因恐惧、痛苦、惊奇等而喊叫。shout 指有意识地高声喊叫，常用于提出警告、不满、发命令或唤起注意等。 exclaim 多指因高兴、愤怒、痛苦、惊讶等突发感情而高声喊叫。scream 指因恐惧、快乐或痛苦而发出尖叫声。
Directions:Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. (1) She was _______ hysterically. (2) The police _______ out a warning.
(3) A baby can as soon as it is born.
(4) The newspaper _______ against the government’s action. (5) The crowd _______ slogans and threw stones at the police.
7. keen: adj. (1) sharp, active, sensitive (2) intense, strong, deep (3) eager, enthusiastic
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 8. on the grounds that …: for the reason that …
他没有因犯罪而受到严厉惩罚，主要是因为他年纪小。
He was not severely punished for his crime ___________________________________________ 9. guard against: to prevent sth. from happening
暗箭难防。Hidden arrows are ___________________________________________________ Collocations: guard against suspicion 避免嫌疑
guard against disease 预防疾病 guard against bad habits 杜绝陋习 10. undue: adj. more than is reasonable, suitable or necessary
他试图对同事施加过度影响。He tried to exercise ________________________________________ 11. cling: vi. to hold tightly; refuse to give up 她坚定地抱着获救的希望。
She clung to _________________________________________________
12. suck: v. (1) to draw (liquid or air, etc.) into the mouth by using the lip muscles 蚊子会吸我们的血。更糟的是，它会把毒注入我们的体内。
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The mosquito will _________________________. What's even worse, it will inject poison into our bodies.
不要班门弄斧。Do not teach your grandmother to ___________________________________________________ (2) to absorb
植物吸收土壤中的水分。Plants _________________________________________________ 13. indifferent: adj. (1) not caring about or noticing; not interested in 探险家们将征途上的危险置之度外。
The explorers ___________________________________________________ of the expedition. (2) not particularly good; mediocre; fairly bad
an indifferent book 质量较差的一本书 an indifferent cook手艺平平的厨师 Pattern: be indifferent to/towards 14. render: vt. (1) to give, present or offer 以德报怨 Render_____ for _____. (2) to cause to be in a particular condition 他身体肥胖到摸不到自己的脚趾。 His fatness renders him ______________________________________________________ 15. oppress: vt. (1) to rule unjustly or cruelly (2) to cause sb. to feel worried, uncomfortable 战争的威胁使我们忧心忡忡。
_________________________________________________________________. 16. cheat: v. (1) to deceive or trick 考试作弊是不道德的。_____________________________________________. (2) to take sth. from (sb.) deceitfully
他们的胜利之果被别人骗走了。_______________________________________. Pattern: cheat sb. (out) of sth. N.B. 注意该词的词性变化，它的名词为：cheat CF: cheat, deceive, trick & fool 这些动词均含有“欺骗”之意。 cheat较为普通，指用蒙蔽他人的手段取得所需之物，尤多指在赢利的买卖中骗人。deceive指用虚假外表使人信以为真，或蓄意歪曲事实，或造成错误印象使人上当受骗。trick指用阴谋诡计等骗得信任或得到所需之物。fool指把某人当傻瓜，愚弄欺骗某人。例如：
1) We were __________ into believing he could help us. 2) She _____ me into admitting responsibility. 3) Don’t _____ me again.
4) He _____ the old woman out of her money. 17. achieve: vt. (1) to complete or accomplish; to get (sth.) done
不努力你将一事无成。You will never _________________________________. (2) to gain or reach by effort 想一切都成的人必将一事无成。 One who wants to achieve __________ will achieve __________. CF: accomplish, achieve, fulfill & complete 这些动词均含有“完成”之意。 accomplish指成功地完成了规定的工作、计划、任务等，侧重强调达到预期 目的的整个过程。achieve指通过持续的努力而完成或实现，特别强调由于非常努力，克服困难后达到目的。fulfill指达到预定的目标，如计划的完成、职责的履行、诺言的实现、任务的完成等。complete指完成一件指派或预定的任务，或完善、完整未完成的部分。
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18. overcome: vt.
(1) to successfully control a feeling or a problem that prevents you from achieving sth.; to defeat 他抵制了再次吸食毒品的强烈诱惑。(temptation to do)
_______________________________________________________________ (2) of smoke or gas makes sb. sick or unconscious
He was sent to hospital after ____________________________. ( 被煤气熏倒后) Collocations:
be overcome by fatigue筋疲力尽 be overcome by grief 悲伤过度 be overcome by emotion 不胜感触 be overcome by liquor 醉酒 be overcome by fumes 被烟薰倒 19. recede: vi. to move back or away
潮起潮落。The tides __________; the tides __________. 20. merge: v. (1) to combine; to join things together to form one thing 这家银行和其主要对手合并了。major rival
__________________________________________________________________________ (2) to fade or change gradually Twilight merged into darkness. _______________________________________________________。 21. carry on: (1) to continue (doing sth.) (2) to conduct or take part in (3) to manage (4) to flirt with or have a love affair with 和…有染 (Directions:) Match the above definitions with the sentences below. (1) It’s difficult to carry on a conversation at a noisy party. _______ (2) We carried on with our discussion. _______
(3) Rising costs made it hard to carry on the business. _______ (4) They decided to carry on in spite of the bad weather. _______ (5) She was carrying on with his boss. Part III. Useful Expressions 1. 关于；有关 ________________ 2. 使夭折；切断 ________________ 3. 风华正茂 ________________ 4. 处于婴幼儿时期；处于初期阶段 ________________ 5. 科普读物 ________________ 6. 保持年轻的秘诀 ________________ 7. 以 ……为理由 ________________ 8. 防止，防范；警惕 ________________ 9. 依恋 ________________ 10. 怀着……的希望 ________________ 11. 漠视；不予关注________________ 12. 由于；因为 ________________ 13. 担心；挂念 ________________ 14. 提供物质援助 ________________ 15. 因……而烦恼 ________________ 16. 融入 ________________ 17. 人类生活 ________________ 18. 独立个体 ________________ 19. 生命力衰竭 ________________ 20. 继续（做某事） ________________
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