句子的成分及基本结构
一、句子成分
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,补语,定语,状语等。
1主语一般由名词,代词等担任。例如:mother,book,he, she, it 等。 2谓语 谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征,由动词或动词词组担任。例如:give, buy, go 等。系动词也可充当谓语。例如 is, am ,was, were 等。
3表语它位于系动词之后,一般由名词,代词,形容词等充当。 4宾语 跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词等 5补语 补充说明主语或宾语,通常由形容词,名词等充当
6定语 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语,通常由形容词或与之相当的结构来充当。例如:He is a new student. 他是个新生。
7状语 修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词。例如:He runs fast. 他跑得快。 注:在句子中主语和谓语是唯一的。 二、简单句的五种基本句型
1、主语+系动词+表语
The city will become rich. 主语 系动词 表语
系动词 除了常见的be动词的各种形式外还有很多不及物动词可做系动词,常用的可分为三类:
※ 表示事物特征和状态的(即感官动词):
feel look appear seem sound smell taste ※ 表示一种状态变为另一种状态的:
go become grow get turn fall come run
※ 表示保持某种状态的: keep remain continue
2、主语+谓语+宾语
The boss employed five more workers. 主语 谓语 宾语
3、 主语+谓语(不及物动词)
The teacher teaches well. 主语 谓语
4 、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
He gave me a gift. 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
The teacher allowed him to do this. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 三、相关练习Have a try!(划分句子成分)
My father is a doctor.
Will you allow me to take this magazine home?
He disappeared in the darkness.
I advised you to get the chance.
The bus stopped suddenly.
He often comes late.
He asked me to have my hai cut.
You should know how to deal with it.
I borrowed a book from the library.
She reads newspapers after supper.
The girl sang us a song.
He kept me waiting at the bus stop.
I don’t understand what you said just now.
The baby cann’t speak now.
四、Translation and try to analyze them.(翻译并分析句子结构)
1、我的爱好是听音乐。
2、我刚乘火车到达。
3、我们应该保持教室整洁。
4、男孩们喜欢打篮球。
5、妈妈给我做了一顿美餐。
五、单句改错。
1. These apples taste well and sell well.
2. Permit me introducing myself.
3 He doesn’t study hardly enough.
4. Her English remains very weakly.
5. No matter what the teacher said , he remained silence.
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