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浅谈主谓一致的原则

2020-04-16 来源:个人技术集锦
鬻 毳鸯 曩 圭露 谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数一致,这就 town.(他离开家乡已经有二十年了。) 叫主谓一致。针对近几年中考出题特点,现对此内容做 (2)Ten dollars is enough.(十美元足够了。) 如下归纳: 2.在表达数学算式时,谓语动词用单数。 【课标考点】 1.掌握就近一致原则; 2.掌握意义一致原则; 3.掌握语法一致原则。 一例如: Five and four is nine.(五加四等于九。) 3.以s结尾的名词(news,maths,physics)本身不 语最近的主语的单、复数形式) 表示复数意义时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。 例如: 1.there be句型(当主语是系列事物时,谓语与邻 近的主语保持一致。) (1)The news in the newspaper is true.(报纸上的这 例如: 条消息是真的。1 (1)There is a table and two chairs in the room.(房 (2)Maths is not very hard.(数学不是很难。) 间里有一张桌子和两把椅子。1 、就近一致原则(即谓语的单、复数取决于离谓 (2)There are two chairs and a table in the room. (房间里有两把椅子和一张桌子。) 2.由either…or…,neither…nor…,not only… 4.“the+形容词”表示一类人(the poor,the rich,the old,the young等)用作主语的,谓语动词用复数。 例如: The old are taken good care of in this area.f这个地 but also…,not…but…等词连接并列主语时,谓语动 区的老人被照顾得很好。) 词跟邻近的主语保持一致。 例如: 5.姓氏名词复数前加the,表示一家人,谓语动词 (1)Either you or the twins are going to leave.(不是 用复数。 你就是这对双胞胎要离开。) 例如: (2)Not only he but also I am invited.(不仅他还有 The Greens are watching TV. 林一家人正在看电 我也被邀请了。) 视。) 6.family,class,team,group等集体名词作主语,若 关系。) 只一个整体,谓语动词用单数;若指具体成员,谓语动 1.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度等的复数名 词用复数。 词作主语时,通常被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。 例如: 例如: f1)Class 2 is the best class in this schoo1.仁 班是 [Class 2为整体1 (1)Twenty years has passed since he left his home一 这所学校最好的班。)二、意义一致原则(即主、谓语在意义上保持一致 1 8 U m … oo一 N 囊 |  入语时,谓语动词要与主语一致而与插入语无关。 (2)Class 2 are the winners. (二班是胜利者。)[Class 2为全体成员】 例如: (1)Mary with her mother is shopping now.(玛丽正  7.people,police等集体名词做主语时,谓语动词 在和她妈妈一起购物。)用复数。 (2)All the students,including Tom,are going to the 例如: park.(所有的学生包括汤姆在内都要去公园。) (1)The police are looking for the missing child.(警 察正在寻找那个失踪的孩子。) 2.非谓语动词(不定式、动名词等)短语或从句作 (2)The Chinese people are very friendly.(中国人很 主语时,谓语动词常用单数。 友好。) 8.“a number of…”作主语时,谓语动词用复数; “the number of…”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 例如: (1)The number of the students in our class is 53. (我们班学生的数量是五十三个。) (2)A number of players come from Japan. 多队员 来自日本。) 9.all of,some of,most of,the rest of,a lot of,plenty of,分数或百分数+of+名词等短语作主语时,谓语动 词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。 例如: f1)A lot of students are waiting outside.(许多学生 正在外面等着。1 (2)A lot of water is polluted by people.(大量的水被 人们污染了。) (3)Two thirds of boys like playing basketbal1.(三分 之二的男孩喜欢打篮球。) (4)Tw0 thirds of the watermelon is eaten by Tom. (三分之二的西瓜被汤姆吃了。) (5)Some students are reading in the classroom,the rest are playing on the playground.f一些学生正在读书, 其他的在操场上玩。) 10.由and连接的并列主语,如果描述同一个人或 同一种事物时,其后的谓语动词用单数形式;如果描述 不是同一人或事物,谓语动词用复数。 例如: (1)The writer and the teacher are playing chess. (这位作家和这位老师正在下棋。) f2 The 21writer and teacher is my friend.f这位作家兼 教师是我的朋友。) 三、语法一致原则(即主、谓语在语法形式上保持 一致。) 1.主语后有with/together with/as well as/with- out/including/besides/except/but等引导的短语作插 例如: (1)Doing a lot of practice is a good way to improve your English.(做大量练习是提高你英语的好方法。) (2)What l need is a good book.(我需要的是一本好 书。1 3.不定代词something,anything,nothing,every— one,anybody,nobody,each,neither,either,little,much, one等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 例如: (1)Someone is waiting ofr you.(有人在等你。) (2)Neither of the answers is fight.(两个答案都不 对。1 4.名词shoes,glasses,pants,shorts,jeans等作主语 时,谓语动词必须用复数。但是,如果这些名词被a pair of修饰时,谓语动词需用单数。 例如: (1)The shoes are under the bed.(鞋子在床下面。) f2)A pair of shoes is under the bed.(床下面有一双 鞋子。1 5.在定语从句中,关系代词that,who,which等作 主语时,其谓语动词的数应与先行词的数保持一致。 例如: f1)This is the boy who wants to see you.f这就是想 要见你的男孩。1 (2)The boys who are playing football there are my best friends.(正在那儿踢足球的那些男生是我的好朋 友。1 6.each...and each...,every…and every…,no... and no…,many a and many a…结构中,谓语动词用单 数。 例如: (1)Every man and every woman is at work.(每个男 人和每个女人都在工作中。) (2)No sound and no voice is heard for a long time. (很长时间没有听到一点声音。) 挚l#蛳确 iI19 t 羹 餐 单项选择: ()1.Most of our earth——A.are C.was 一Six lessons a day.And each ofthem—— covered by water.45 minutes. A.1ast C.have B.1asts D.are B.is D.were ()2.Sunday——the first day of a week. A.is B.are ()16.That place is not interesting at al1.——of us wants to go there. C.am D.be A.Neither B.Both f 13.Neither Tom nor his parents at home. C.A11 —』rhereD.Some some eggs and cakes on it. A.is C.has B.are D.wasf )17.一What’s on the plate? ——()4.The woman and her husband——offiee. in the same A.is C.was B.are D.were A.work C.is working B.works D.has worked ()18.Everyone except Tom and John——when the meeting began. there ・ ()5.Reading in bed——A.are bad for your eyes. B.is A.are C.were B.is D.was C.be D.seem ()19.Neither Li Ping nor I——a basketball player. ()6.Something——A.be wrong with his bike. B.are A.am C.be B.is D.are C.is D.am ()20.The news——exciting.We got excited at it. ()7.Here——A.has some photos of my family。 B.is A.is C.are B.was D.has C.are ()8.The old——A.is C.are D.will taken good care of in our country. B.am D.have ( )21,Not only Tom but also Alice and Mary———— busy. A.is C.are music now. B.was D.has ()9.Mary isn’t here.She with her mother—— America for a holiday. ()22.The whole family——A.is all C.all are enjoying the beautiful A.has gone C.have been B.has gone to D.have been to B.aU is D.are all ( )1 o_A number of cars——in rfont of the park. A.is parked C.are parked B.was parked D.has parked ( )23~Our class A.is C.were big B.are D.will ()l1.Each of you——A.am C.is able to use it. B.be D.are ()24.Maths——my favourite subjeet. A.be C.am B.is D.are ()12.The writer and teacher——my firend. A.are C.was ()25.The boy with the two dogs一——when the earthquake rocked the city. A.were sleeping B.is sleeping B.is D.were ()13.Either Jane or Steven——A.were B.is C.was D.are watching TV now. C.was sleeping D.are sleeping ()26.This pair of glasses——mine. A.are B.be ()14.Two days——enough orf me to finish the C.is A.invited D.will be work,I need a third day. A.isn’t B.is ()27.Both Lily and Lucy——C.had invited to the party yesterday. B.was invited C.aren’t D.are D.were invited f 115.一How many lessons do you usually have a day? 20 ¨ … 

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