知识梳理
第3讲 形容词与副词 + 题型组合练
考查基本用法
一、 形容词的基本用法
1.大部分形容词能作定语、表语或宾语补足语， 如： a beautiful park 一座美丽的公园
The play Tea－house(茶馆)is both moving and interesting. Who left the window open?
2.“定冠词the ＋ 形容词”表示一类人或物，作“主语或宾语”，意思为“……的一种人”，“……的一类东西或事情”。如：
The new will take the place of the old. 新事物将代替旧事物。 The young are fond of sports. 年轻人喜欢体育运动。 3.有些形容词只能作表语 如：
ill, glad, asleep, afraid, alive (活着的)，alone(单独的)
4.某些动词加－ed 和 －ing都可构成形容词，加－ed的形容词表示“人感到如何”，加－ing的形容词则用来描写事物， 如：
We were excited when we heard the exciting news.
5.有些名词加后缀可变成形容词， 如：lovely, friendly, windy, careful, careless, wooden等。 6.形容词作后置定语
在下列情况下，形容词要放在被修饰词的后面。
(1)形容词作定语修饰somebody，something，anyone，anything，nobody等构成的复合代词时，需后置。 Is there anything wrong with your car? 你的汽车出什么毛病了吗？
(2)以－able或－ible结尾的形容词可置于由形容词的最高级或all，every，only等词修饰的名词后面。 This is the best computer available. 这是现在可用的最好的一台电脑。 (3)形容词短语作定语要后置。 That is a problem difficult to answer. 那是一个难以回答的问题。
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(4)表语形容词(alive，asleep，awake，alike，available等)作定语，一般要后置。 The girl awake is his younger sister. 那个醒着的女孩是他的妹妹。 7.形容词作状语
形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，并不表示动作的方式。 He lay in bed，wide awake. 他躺在床上，丝毫没有睡意。
Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.生怕困难，他们宁愿挑好走的路。 He is standing there，full of fear.他非常担心地站在那儿。
二、 副词的基本用法
副词在句子中主要用作状语，许多副词皆由形容词加－ly 构成，如：careful—carefully. 副词主要被分为以下几种：
1.时间副词，如：often，early，usually，now 2.地点副词，如：here，above，outside，below，there 3.方式副词，如：hard，fast，badly，well
4.程度副词，如：very，quite，much，still，even，almost 5.疑问副词，如：how，when，why 附录：
一、 以－ly 结尾的未必都是副词
下列单词以－ly 结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：
lively, lonely, lovely, deadly, friendly, ugly, silly, likely, brotherly, timely等。 二、下列几组词，词尾有无－ly 都可作副词
一些副词有原形和以－ly 结尾两种形式。大多数情况下，不以－ly 结尾表“具体”，以－ly 结尾表“抽象”。 1.close与closely
close意思是“近”； closely 意思是“仔细地，密切地” 2.late 与lately
late意思是“晚”；lately意思是“最近” 3.deep与deeply
deep意思是“深”，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，“深深地”
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4.high与highly
high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。 5.wide与widely
wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”，“在许多地方”。 (1)看到提示词作定语、表语或补足语，要想到用形容词；
(2)看到提示词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子在句中作状语，要想到用副词； (3)形容词作状语时，表示状态或结果。 练习：
1．But something made her look closer, and she noticed a ____________ (shine) object.
2．Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been ____________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
3．Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady.__________________ __
4. Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.____________________
5．There are plenty of jobs availably in the western part of the country.____________________ 注意：
(1)看到提示词作定语、表语或补足语，要想到用形容词；
(2)看到提示词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子在句中作状语，要想到用副词； (3)形容词作状语时，表示状态或结果。
Ron had a successful career and worked for Ford before retiring and leading a relaxed life. 在退休过轻松日子之前，罗恩在福特公司工作，他的事业很成功。 Luckily, her stepmother was kind to her. 幸运的是，她的继母对她很好。
After the long journey, the three of them went back home, hungry and tired. 经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到了家，又饿又累。
三、 构词法知识需掌握 1．形容词变副词的后缀
后缀 直接加ly 改y为ily 去e加ly
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示例 slow adj.慢的→slowly adv.缓慢地 happy adj.高兴的→happily adv.高兴地 true adj.真的→truly adv.真地 2.动词、名词变形容词的后缀
常见的动词、名词变形容词的后缀有：able, al, ful, ed, ing, ible, ive, ous, some, y, ern, ish等。
后缀 able ed ing ful al ible ous
3.表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀
常见的表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀有：dis， il， im， in， ir， mis， un， less等。
前/后缀 il in ir un less 练习：
1．So his mother, who was ____________(will) to pay for his education, brought him home to look after the sheep.
2．Floating on a pool of water at the base and looking up at the waterfall with a background of blue sky was one of the most ____________(relax) experiences of my life.
3．It is probably one of the earliest and longest ____________(last) sports which uses both muscles and brain. 4．What a wonderful example these two elderly sisters were to me! I will always be ____________(thank) that I had the opportunity to know them.
5．This is also where friends and family gather to keep warm and talk at night. Sitting by the fire made me feel ____________(peace), and it was like I was experiencing the traditional Chinese way of life.
6．There are many kinds of reference books available in the book market. A smart use of these books is certainly ____________(benefit), but the misuse and overuse of them may cause a lot of problems.
考查比较等级
1．“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”表示“越……越……”。
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示例 accept vt.接受→acceptable adj.可接受的 confuse vt.使困惑→confused adj.感到困惑的 convince vt.说服，使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的 forget vt.忘记→forgetful adj.健忘的 nature n．自然→natural adj.自然的 access n．进入，使用权，通路→accessible adj.容易取得的 caution n．谨慎→cautious adj.谨慎的 示例 legal adj.合法的→illegal adj.不合法的 convenient adj.方便的→inconvenient adj.不方便的 regular adj.有规律的→irregular adj.没规律的 willing adj.乐意的→unwilling adj.不乐意的 useful adj.有用的→useless adj.无用的 It is believed that the harder you work, the better result you will get. 人们相信，工作越努力，得到的结果将越好。
2．“the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词”表示“两个中较……的”。
Which is the better of the two universities, Shanghai Jiaotong University or Fudan University? 上海交大与复旦大学，实力较强的是哪一个？
3．“one of the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数＋比较范围”表示“……中最……的……之一”。 New York is one of the biggest cities in America. 纽约是美国最大的城市之一。
4．“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义。
Mr. Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn’t ask for a better boss. 为斯蒂文森先生工作感觉非常好，我真的找不到比他更好的老板了。
5．可以用来修饰比较级的单词和短语有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal及数量词、表示倍数的词等，常放在比较级的前面。 The hotel is rather more expensive than that one. 这家旅馆的收费比那家贵得多。 练习：
1．If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of ____________(great) and less importance.
2．We felt safe for the next half hour so we decided to go even ____________(far)．
3．Uber said its flying vehicles would be much ____________(quiet), cost less to operate and produce less pollution than helicopters.
4．I was scanning the restaurant, waiting to sit at the first table that was _________(convenient) than others. 5．They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.____________________.
6．My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help.____________________
经典精讲
Ⅰ 单句语法填空
1．Staying ____________(health) while traveling can help to ensure your trip is a happy and enjoyable one. 2．At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very ____________(anger) about it. 3．On New Year’s Day, we visited every neighbor in the village and were greeted ____________(warm) at each house.
4．Life is about giving and taking, and it’s ____________(general) true that if you give, you will receive. 5．The more support you win from others, the ____________(fast) you will move toward your goal. 6．Whatever happens in China, the third ____________(large) country in the world with 20 percent of the world’s population, will certainly shape the immediate and distant futures of us all.
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7．____________(obvious), a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.
8．The boy looked at his father ____________(hope) because he thought his father had brought him a present.
9．It is one of the most ____________(amaze) TV shows from an artistic point of view.
10．If we can focus on encouraging kids to drink more water—a low－cost, sugar－free drink—we can improve their drinking habits, which may allow many kids to feel ____________(great) throughout the day and do better in school.
Ⅰ 单句改错
1. As I watched the flag rising slowly. I sang the national anthem, feeling extremely exciting.____________________
2．He was a Enropean billionaire who got everything he wanted. Therefore, in the last twenty years of his life, his health began to get worse and he led a miserable life.____________________
3．I don’t think that it is a truly eco－travel. An eco－travel not only allows us to express our love for nature, but needs our responsibility as well.____________________
4．The American TV show The Voice is one of my most favorite amusement shows.____________________ 5. It is clear shown that many middle school students have physical and mental problems._______________.
6．We telephoned the doctors and an old man was sent to the hospital in no time. We felt happily to help him.____________________
实战演练
语篇填空(用括号中动词的适当形式填空)
填入一个适当的词或用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。(以形容词与副词为主)
When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport，workers began to unload a number of 1 (wood)boxes which contained clothing.No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was 2 (extreme)heavy.It 3 (sudden)occurred to one of the workers to open up the box.He was 4 (astonish)at what he found.A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of 5 (wool)goods.He was 6 surprised at being discovered that he did not even try to run away.After he was arrested，the man admitted hiding 7 (silent) in the box before the plane left London.He had had a long and 8 (comfort)trip，for he had been confined(关在)to the wooden box 9 (secret)for over eighteen hours.The man was ordered to pay ￡ 3，500 for the cost of the trip，which was 10 expensive than the normal price，which only cost ￡ 2，000. 语法填空
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阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Each of us fails from time to time.If we are wise，we accept these failures as a necessary part of the learning process. 1 too often as parents and teachers，we do not allow our children to have the same right.We convey either by words or by actions that failure is something to be ashamed 2 ，and that nothing but top performance lives up to our expectations.
When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure，I think of Donnie.He was 3 shy and nervous perfectionist.His fear of failure 4 (keep)him from classroom games where other children played with joyous abandon. He seldom answered questions for fear 5 he might be wrong.He seldom finished his work because he 6 (repeat)checked with me to be sure he hadn't made a mistake.I tried my best to build up 7 self－confidence.And I frequently asked God for direction.But nothing changed until midterm， 8 Mary Anne，a student teacher，was appointed to our classroom.She was young and pretty，and she loved children.My pupils，Donnie 9 (include)，adored her.With her frequent 10 (courage)，Donnie became confident.
能力训练
I. 语法填空
Once upon a time, there was a flock of doves that flew in search of food 1.____________(lead) by their king. One day, they had flown a long distance and were very tired. The dove king 2.______ ______(courage) them to fly a little further. The 3.____________(small) of them picked up speed and found some rice beneath an apple tree. So all the doves headed and began to eat. Suddenly a net fell over 4.____________(they) and they were all trapped. They saw 5.____________ hunter approaching carrying a huge stick. The doves desperately fluttered their wings trying to get out, but 6.___________ _ vain. The king advised all the doves to fly up together carrying the net with them.
Each dove picked up a part of the net and together they flew off carrying the net with them. The hunter looked up in 7.____________(astonish). He tried to follow them, but they were flying high over hills and valleys. They flew to a hill, 8.____________ there lived a mouse. The dove king called out the mouse and explained what 9.____________(happen). Then the mouse set the doves 10.____________(freely) by cutting the net and they flew away together. Unity is strength.
II. 完形填空
从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My two kids and I were at Dunkin' Donuts, meeting my grandfather for a cup of coffee. My boys were 2 and 4 then. When the naughty little kid 41 his ice cream in the middle of the store, I turned to my grandfather for 42 . I was surprised to find him laughing. When I tried to talk to him about how 43 life with two young boys is, his reply was short, “Little kids， 44
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problems. ”
At the time, I felt a little angry. The 45 of raising my two boys didn't feel little. I sometimes felt overwhelmed (不知所措的) by their problems and needs. Still, I knew how to 46 them. I could calm my elder son down with his favorite CD and smiled at him in the rear-view mirror (后视镜). Back then, “fixing their problems” seemed like my 47 . I did it every day. And, in general, I could fix most things that annoy them.
Those boys are 24 and 22 now. And, 48 my grandfather said, their problems are bigger than they were 20 years ago. And one thing I'm 49 at this stage of parenting is how to be a mom who doesn't help them. Worried about my elder son recently, I repeated my 50 to him, but he told me to stop—told me that I wasn't being 51 and that I needed to let him be.
Honestly, I miss the days when I felt so helpful. But I also feel 52 that I've raised an adult healthy enough to 53 his own life. And so, in a 54 reversal(互换), it is my son who now calms me down， 55 me and then smiles at me from his rear-view mirror.
41．A. bought B．opened C．sat on D．looked for 42．A. care 43．A. exciting 44．A. serious 45．A. value 46．A. ignore 47．A. dream 48．A. once
B．support C．attention D．explanation B．encouraging C．challenging
D．embarrassing
B．common C．complex D．little B．difficulty C．advantage D．responsibility B．fix C．organize D．share B．lesson C．choice
D．job
B．if C．as D．while
D．learning
49．A. imagining B．experiencing C．improving 50．A. warnings 51．A. helpful 52．A. happy 53．A. judge 54．A. job
B．excuses C．memories D．theories B．young C．intelligent D．powerful B．different C．shocked D．regretful B．manage C．save D．change B．history C．role D．time
55．A. accepts B．controls C．invites D．comforts
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