英语试卷-试卷下载
学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 ——《论语》
Learning is the eye of the mind. 学问是心灵的眼睛。
初二英语（第十三讲）
主讲教师：汤 玮
主审教师：严长胜
【教学内容】
通过本单元的学习，学生应能熟练地运用现在完成时态的另一种用法：表示过去已经开始、延续到现在的动作或状态，并且在一般过去时、一般现在时和现在完成时三个时态之间能自由转换，准确使用。
【重点归纳】
词汇：for over since together own through part cut join
take a look all one’s life
日常交际用语：How long have you been at…？
I’ve
been here for/since…
Welcome to our factory/…
Please come this way
Don’t rush
Keep together, please.
My house is about twenty minutes by bike
语法：⑴用现在完成时态表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示过
去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语，for…及since…
连用。
⑴正确使用延续性或非延续性动词
【重点讲解】
1、现在完成时与for…和since…连用的情况：
现在完成时主要用来表示①对现在有影响的某个已发生的动作。②到现在为止的这一段时间内发生的情况或存在的状态。
请看下列几个例句：
①I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。
②He has left the factory. 他已离开那家工厂了。
③I have studied Russian for over three years. 我学俄语已三年多了。
④He has been ill since last Sunday. 他自从上星期天以来就一直病着。
句①和句②讲的是第一种情况。谓语“看”和“离开”都是发生于过去的动作，用现在完成时主要是因为这个过去动作和现在有联系或对现在有影响。句①含有“我知道这部电影的内容”之意。句②含有“他现在已不在这儿工作了”之意。
又如：I have closed the window. 我关了窗了。（即：窗户现在关着）
She has given the keys to her mother.
她把钥匙给了她母亲了。（即：钥匙不在她这儿）
I’ve just had my
lunch. 我刚吃过午饭。（即：我吃过了，现在不需要再吃了）
句③和句④属于第二种情况，即从过去某一时开始至今的一段时间内所发生的情况或存在的状态。for介词短语表示一个时间段，指某个动作或状态到现在为止已持续了多久。对此提问，用how
long。since可以引导一个时间名词短语或一个时间状语从句。指某个动作或情况自从过去某一点时间一直持续到现在。
例如：I’ve lived in Beijing for several years.
我在北京住了好几年了。（我可能还要住下去或不住下去）
She has been away for a long time.
她已离开很久了。（她还没回来或刚回来）
I have stayed here since last summer.
自从去年夏天以来，我一直呆在这里。（我很可能还要呆下去或不呆下去）
He has lived here since two years ago.
自从两年前以来，他就住在这儿。
2、要注意，与for…或since…连用的句子中的动词都必须是表示延续的情况或动作的动词：如be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk，sleep等。这类动词被称为“延续性”动词。它们的现在完成时态可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
例如：Mr Li
has taught this class for two years. 李先生教这个班已两年了。
How many years have you lived here? 你在这儿住了几年了？
I’ve known him
since ten years ago. 十年前我就认识他了。
延续性动词的现在完成时态还可和包括“现在”在内的（到说话时仍未结束）表示一段时间的状语连用。
如：this morning/afternoon/evening，this week/month/year，these day等。
例如：What
have you had for lunch today? 今天午饭你吃了什么？
He has been to Beijing three times this year. 今年他已去北京三次了。
She has written two letters this morning.
（说此话的时间在上午,用现在完成时。意思是：今年上午她已经写了两封信。如果说话时间在下午或晚上，一定用一般过去式：She wrote two letters this morning.意思是：今天上午她写了两封信。）
3、非延续性动词的处理：
英语中有些动词的意义决定了它们不能持续很久，这类动词表示的是一瞬间就结束的动作，
不能延续。；这类动词叫做“非持续性/非延续性动词”。如：come，go，arrive，reach，see，hear，close，leave，begin，start，buy，lose，fall，join，die，get up，become，borrow，lend等。这些动词表示一霎时发生的动作，即表示一时性或一次性动作。它们可以用于现在完成时态中。说明这个动作的影响或结果还存在。
例如：The
film has begun. 电影已开始。（现在正放映着）
He has come
back. 他已回来。（他现在在这里）
She has bought
an umbrella. 她买了一把伞。（她有伞用了）
但是这类动词不能和表示一段时间的状语如for…和since…连用。
像He has come back for
a week这样的句子是错误的。这个动作是一瞬间就结束的非延续性的，怎能持续三天呢？要表达这样的概念，可将come
back改为be back 以表达“回来”这一状态持续了多久。
如上句可以说成：He has been back for a week.
这个句子还可以用别的方式来表达：
①He has been back for three days.
②=He has been back since three days ago.
=It has been three days since he come back.
③=It’s three days since he came back.
=Three days have passed since he came back.
④=He came back three days ago. 其中①②③④最常用。
又如：他离家已两个月了。
He has
been away from home for two months.
=He has been
away from home since two months ago
=He left home two months ago
=It is /It has
been two months since he left home.
=Two months
have passed since he left home.
（但不说He has left home for two months.）
他爷爷已死二十年了。 His
grandpa died twenty years ago.
=His grandpa
has been dead for twenty years.
=It is/It has been
twenty years since his grandpa died.
=Twenty years
have passed since his grandpa died.
=His grandpa
has been dead since twenty years ago.
以上几种转换方法几乎适用于所有的非持续性动词。
再比较：①He is asleep. 他在睡觉。
He has fallen asleep. 他已入睡了。
He has been asleep since an hour ago. 他已睡着一小时了。
=He fell asleep an hour ago.
=He has been asleep for an hour. =It’s an
hour since he fell asleep.
不可以说He has fallen asleep for an hour.
②The film is on. 电影在放映。
The film has been on for half an hour. 电影已放映半小时了。
=The film started/began half an hour ago. =It’s
half an hour since the film started./began.
=The film has been on since half an hour ago.
不可以说The film has begun for half an hour.
③He has been in the city for seven days. 他到这城市已七天了。
（不能说He has arrived in the city for seven days.）
④He has been in the Party for five years. 他入党已五年了。
（不能说He has joined the Party for five years.）
⑤I have had the car for over one year. 这辆车我买了一年多了。
（不能说I have bought the car for over one year.）
⑥John has kept the book for three weeks. 这本书约翰已借了三星期。
（不能说John has borrowed the book for over one year.）
然而，短暂动词的否定式却可以转变为持续动词，可以用表示一段时间的状语来修饰。
例如：He hasn’t
seen her since 1972.
自从1972年以来他未见过她。
She hasn’t left her home all her life.
她一生从未离开过家。
I haven’t heard from my uncle since last year.
去年以来我就没收到过我叔叔的信。 4、own:
①作形容词。意为“自己的”等。可用在所有格的后面加强语气。也可用来充当名词等。
例如：I saw
it with my own eyes. 我是亲眼目睹的。（在所有格后）
This house is
his own. 这座房子是他自己的。
=This is his own house.
5、So she’s
been at this school since September.
如此说来，她自九月以来就在这所学校上学了。
副词so放在句子的开头，说明你根据以上所说的情况，得出以下这样的结果。可译为“这么说……”、“如此说来……”等。 例如：So you’ve
seen the film already? 这么说你已经看过这电影了？
So I won’t see you
tonight? 如此说来我今天晚上见不到你了？
5、Last November it was Class 3’s turn. 去年11月轮到三班了。
句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to visit the factory.在此被省略了。本句的句型是：It’s one’s turn to do sth.（轮到某人做某事了）
又如：It’s our turn to be
on duty today. 今天轮到我们值日了。
Whose turn is it
to answer the question? 轮到谁回答问题了？
6、Keep together, please! 请靠拢点！
The glasses keep
their eyes safe. 眼镜保护他们的眼睛。
句中eyes为keep的宾语，safe说明eyes的情况，是宾语补足语。
又如：We must always keep our classroom clean and tidy.
我们应使教室一直保持整洁。
How can you keep these children quiet?
你怎样能使孩子们保持安静？
可以带宾语补足语的动词还有make，think，find等。
例如：The old man tried to make everyone happy. 老人想使人人高兴。
No one thought
the story interesting. 没有人认为这故事有趣。
7、how long与how far
①how long表示时间时，指经历的时间长度，汉语意思为“多久”，多用于提问由for 引导的表示一段时间的介词短语。
例如：How
long have they been here? 他们在这里多久了？
另外，how long还可以用来指某一物体有“多长”。
例如：How long is the river? 这河有多长？
②how far用来指某一地点距离另一地点有“多远”。
例如：How
far is it from your home to our school? 你家离我们学校有多远？
8、join的用法：
①join表示“连接”，如要表示“将甲同乙相连”用join…to…
例如：Let’s join this
sentence to that one by a conjunction.
让我们把这个句子同那个句子用一个连词连起来。
②join还可指“加入（某一组织、团体或一群人并成为其中一员）”。
例如：When
did you join the Party? 你何时入党的？
Will you join us? 请同我们一起干好吗？
join in（join…in）则指“参加（某某人）的某个活动”。
例如：Why didn’t Jim
join in the talk? 为什么Jim没参加座谈？
Will you join us
in te game? 你愿意同我们一起做游戏吗？
【同步练习】
一、语音：
1、sorry
A、follow B、over C、together D、polite
2、through A、thought B、fought C、caught D、threw
3、cow A、known
B、crowd C、grow D、own
4、die
A、thirsty B、bicycle C、spy D、luckily
5、already A、walk B、small C、half D、chalk
二、选择：
1、Be careful! Don’t
get your key .
A、lost B、lose C、losing D、to lose
2、Lucy here two hours ago. She here for two hours.
A、has arrived, has arrived B、arrived, has arrived
C、arrived, has been D、arrived, arrived
3、Mr.Smith England for more than ten years.
A、came to
B、has come to C、has been to D、has been in
4、My father cut the apple small pieces.
A、to B、in C、into D、at 5、She’s
been back home, ?
A、hasn’t
she B、has she C、isn’t she D、is she
6、She put her coat the sleeping baby.
A、on B、over C、up
D、above
7、I for about ten minutes.
A、am up B、got up C、have got up D、have been up
8、He hard after that and everything carefully.
A、has worked, has done B、worked, did
C、worked, has done D、has worked, does
9、The large stone has been there ever since .
A、these twenty years B、twenty years before
C、twenty years D、twenty years ago
10、 thirty years since they their hometown.
A、It is, have left B、It was, left
C、It is, left D、It has been, have left
11、How many times do you think he late for work this term?
A、has come B、has been C、is D、was
12、I wasn’t having a reading my mother came home.
A、since
B、while C、when D、until
13、I like to white shirts in summer.
A、wear B、dress C、put on D、take off
14、The boy is sitting quietly the corner of the room.
A、at B、on
C、around D、in
15、That day began bad news.
A、from B、with C、at D、for
三、完形填空：
Jack was a young
boy. He was playing 1 a ball in the street. He kicked(踢)it too 2 ,and it broke the window of a house and
fell 3 . A woman came to the window with the
ball and shouted 4 Jack, so he ran away, but he still wanted
to get his ball back. A few 5 later he returned and 6 the door of the house. The woman answered it. He said:“My father is going to repair your window very soon.”After a while a man came to the door with
tools inhis hands. So the woman 7 Jack take the ball away. When the man finished 8 the window, he said,“You must pay two pounds for that.”
“Aren’t you father of
the young boy?”the woman asked, looking 9 .“ 10 ”,the man answered.“Aren’t you his mother?”
1、A、with B、at C、/ D、on
2、A、harder B、hardly C、hard D、more hard
3、A、into B、out C、outside D、inside
4、A、out B、in C、at D、to
5、A、minutes B、minutes’ C、minute’s D、minute
6、A、knocked B、knock at C、knocking to D、knocked at
7、A、let B、lets C、told D、made
8、A、to repair B、repaired C、repairing D、repairs
9、A、surprise B、surprised C、surprising D、to surprise
10、A、Yes B、Certainly C、No D、Bye
四、按第一个字母及后面的解释写出单词：
1、t feel something by hand
2、r move suddenly and quickly
3、j put two or more things together and make them become one
4、n almost
5、t in the same place or with each other
6、f go or come after
7、g try to know the secret
8、c the middle part of…
五、用括号中动词的适当时态填空：
1、For 200 years, the house (stand)on the hill above the village.
2、Where Lucy (go)?I’m looking for her everywhere.
She (go) swimming. She (go) half an hour ago.
3、I (be) to the
park once this week. But last week I (go) there five times. 4、 you (see) the film tonight?
No , I (see) it twice.
5、Is there anything important in today’s paper？
I’m sorry. I (not read)the newspaper yet.
6、What’s
the time now?
I don’t know. My watch (stop).
7、He (carry)
water for Granny Wang this morning.
8、John (study)in this school since three years ago.
9、He usually (read) English aloud in the morning.
10、 Wang Li (do) the exercise now?
No. She already (do) it.
11、 you ever (be) to London?
Yes, I .I (go) there in 1989.
12、He (be) a doctor for the last ten years.
Before that he (be)a teacher.
六、在空格上填入一个适当的词：
1、Let’s go
and have a book them.
2、The plane stayed there half an hour.
3、We hear our ears.
4、Please read the passage as quickly as .
5、She came here two months . 6、I’ll
work hard my life for the people.
7、Li Lei liveds 235 He Ping Road.
8、Do you still remember he went boating a rainy afternoon?
9、Look way and listen carefully.
10、I haven’t heard my mother two weeks ago.
11、There are many apples the trees.
12、The man is lying the middle of the road.
七、改同义句：
1、I have been here for three months.
=I here three months .
=I have
been here three months .
2、What’s your father?
=What your father ?
3、She died 10 years ago.
=She for 10 years.
=It is 10
years she .
4、The students went after Uncle Wang upstairs. =The
students Uncle Wang upstairs.
5、Mr Black has lived in China all his life.
=Mr Black
has lived in China since he .
八、短文改错： This is
interesting to visit another country. 1
But there are sometime problems when we don’t
know the language very good. It may 3
be difficult to talk with the people there. 4
We may not know what to use the telephone. 5
We may not know how to do some shoping. 6
After a short
time, however, we learned what 7
to do and what to say. We learn enjoy 8
life in the other country, and then we may 2
9
be sorry to leaving. 10
九、翻译：
1、The road is icy. (不要争先恐后)
2、The workers all wore thick gloves (来保护他们的手)
3、He liked reading (他一生)
4、How far is your home? (骑车大概25分钟)
5、People went up （狭窄的台阶）to the top of the building.
十、通读下列短文，根据短文意思填入适当的词（每空一词）：
Mark was a
farmer who 1 in a village far away. One day he became
very ill, and everybody thought he would 2 .They sent for a doctor in town, who arrived two days 3 and examined the thick man. The doctor
asked 4 a pen and some paper to write 5 the name of the medicine, but there was no pen or paper in the village because no one could read 6 write.
The doctor
picked up a 7 of burnt (烧过的)wood from the
fire. Using the wood, he wrote the 8 of the medicine on the door of the house.“Get this medicine 9 him,”he said,“and he will soon get 10 .”
Mark’s family and friends didn’t
know what to do. They couldn’t
read the strange writing. Then the village baker(面包师)had an idea. He took off the door of the house, put 11 on his cart(二轮马车)and drove to the nearest town. He 12 the medicine, and Mark was soon
well again. He would not let anyone wash the magic(有魔力的)words off the door.
【同步练习参考答案】
一、1、A 2、D 3、B 4、C 5、B
二、1、A 2、C 3、D 4、C 5、A 6、B 7、D 8、B
9、D 10、C 11、B 12、C 13、A 14、D 15、B
第三题中有for more than
ten years表明动作发生在过去并持续到现在，是现在完成时态，而A为过去式，强调的是过去某时发生的动作。选项B虽为现在完成时，但come是非延续性动词，不能与引导一般时间的for短语连用。选项C表示去了某地，但已回来。选项D同样为现在完成时，但其强调的是“至今为止”一直在某地，故应选D。
第八题after表示“在（过去某一点时间）以后”，仅指情况或动作发生在这一段时间以后，而不延续到现在。因此，主句能用一般过去时。and连接两个并列的动词，所以选B。
又如：He began to study
hard after 1989. 1989年后他开始认真学习。
We built a lot of buildings in our village after that year.
那年以后，我们村中造了许多房子。
三、1、C 2、C 3、D 4、C 5、A 6、D 7、A 8、C 9、B 10、C
四、1、touch 2、run 3、join 4、nearly 5、together
6、follow
7、guess 8、centre
五、1、has stood 2、has gone, has gone, went
3、have been, went 4、Are, going, have seen
5、haven’t read 6、has stopped
7、carried 8、has studied
9、reads 10、Is, doing, has done
11、Have, been, have, went 12、has been, was
六、1、at 2、for 3、with 4、possible 5、ago 6、all
7、at 8、on 9、this 10、from, since 11、on 12、in
七、1、came, ago, since, ago 2、does, do
3、has been dead, since died 4、followed 5、was born
八、1、this→It
2、sometime→sometimes 3、good→well
4、√ 5、what→how 6、shoping→shopping
7、learned←learn 8、learn→learn to 9、the other→another
10、leaving→leave
九、1、Don't rush 2、to
keep their hands safe
3、all his life 4、It’s about 25 minutes by bike
5、narrow steps
十、1、lived 2、die
3、later 4、for 5、down
6、or
7、piece 8、name 9、for 10、well
11、it 12、bought
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