CXI OPERATIONAL STANDARD
兴达公司操作标准
HANDLING HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
处理危险物品
Table of contents
目录
1. Purpose 目的 ............................................................................................................................. 4 2. Scope 适用范围 ......................................................................................................................... 4 3. Roles and responsibilities 职责和责任 ................................................................................... 4
3.1 Project manager 项目经理 ................................................................................................. 4 3.2 Project HES manager 项目安全经理 ................................................................................ 4 3.3 Site manager 现场经理 ...................................................................................................... 5 3.4 Worker 工人 ...................................................................................................................... 5 3.5 Contractor coordinator 承包商协调人 .............................................................................. 5 4. Identifying Hazardous Chemicals and Products 辨识危险化学品和产品 .......................... 6
4.1 Identifying a hazardous chemical 辨识危险化学品 .......................................................... 6
4.1.1 Physical hazards 物理危害 ................................................................................. 6 4.1.2 Health hazards 健康危害 .................................................................................... 6 4.2 Inventory of all chemicals and products 化学品和产品的库存 ........................................ 6 4.3 Identifying hazardous materials 辨识危险物品 ................................................................ 7 4.4 Maintaining the hazardous materials list 保存危险物品列表 ........................................... 8 4.5 Exception for consumer products 顾客产品的例外 .......................................................... 8 5. Informing Employees about Potential Hazards 告知员工可能的危险 ............................... 9
5.1 Additional Information 额外信息 ...................................................................................... 9 5.2 Hazard communication program 危险品沟通程序 ........................................................... 9 5.3 New information 新的信息 ............................................................................................. 10 5.4 Contractors 承包商 .......................................................................................................... 10 5.5 Transportation 运输 ......................................................................................................... 10 6. Labeling Hazardous Materials 危险品标识 ......................................................................... 10
6.1 Labeling requirements 标识的要求 ................................................................................. 10 6.2 Applicable containers 适用的容器 .................................................................................. 12 6.3 Fixed or stationary containers 永久或固定容器 ............................................................. 12 6.4 Pipes and piping systems 管道和管道系统 ..................................................................... 12 6.5 Unlabeled containers 未标识的容器 ............................................................................... 13 7. Maintaining Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) 保存物料安全数据表 ........................ 13
7.1 MSDS requirements 物料安全数据表要求 .................................................................... 13 7.2 Availability of MSDSs 物料安全数据表的取得 ............................................................ 13 7.3 Work station listings 工作场所列表 ............................................................................... 14 7.4 Using MSDSs 使用物料安全数据表 .............................................................................. 15 7.5 Requesting an MSDS from a vendor or manufacturer 从供货商处取得物料安全数据表 ................................................................................................................................................ 15 7.6 Contents of the MSDS 物料安全数据表内容 ................................................................. 15 7.7 Trade secrets 商业机密.................................................................................................... 18 7.8 Handling contractors 和承包商的沟通 ........................................................................... 18 7.9 Vehicles 车辆 ................................................................................................................... 18 8. Training 培训 ............................................................................................................................ 18
8.1 Providing training 培训提供 ............................................................................................ 18 8.2 General training 一般性培训 ........................................................................................... 19 8.3 Hazard Categories 危险品分类 ....................................................................................... 20
8.3.1 Carcinogen 致癌物 ............................................................................................ 20 8.3.2 Corrosive 腐蚀性 ................................................................................................ 20 8.3.3 Highly toxic 剧毒 ................................................................................................ 21 8.3.4 Irritant 刺激性 ..................................................................................................... 21 8.3.5 Sensitizer敏化剂 ................................................................................................ 21 8.3.6 Toxic 有毒 ........................................................................................................... 21 8.3.7 Target organ effects 目标器官影响 ................................................................. 22 8.4 Specific training 具体的培训 .......................................................................................... 24 8.5 Providing training 提供培训 ............................................................................................ 24 8.6 Personal protective equipment 个人防护用品 ................................................................ 25 8.7 Maintaining records 记录保存 ........................................................................................ 25 8.8 New information 新的信息 ............................................................................................. 25 9. Protecting Against Hazardous Materials 防危险品 ............................................................ 25
9.1 Providing first aid 急救 .................................................................................................... 25 9.2 Personal protective equipment个人防护用品 ................................................................. 26 9.3 Control measures控制措施 .............................................................................................. 26 9.4 Substitution of products物品替代 ................................................................................... 26 9.5 Minimizing quantities减少数量 ...................................................................................... 26 9.6 Storage储存 ..................................................................................................................... 26 9.7 Moving chemical between containers化学物品在容器间转移 ...................................... 27 9.8 Disposing of empty containers空容器的处置 ................................................................. 27 9.9 Pipes and piping systems管道系统 ................................................................................. 27 9.10 Particles粒子 .................................................................................................................. 27 9.11 Using closed systems使用封闭系统 ............................................................................. 27 9.12 General ventilation一般通风系统 ................................................................................. 27 9.13 Enclosing ventilation systems封闭式通风系统 ............................................................ 28 9.14 Receiving ventilation systems接收式通风系统 ............................................................ 28 9.15 Exterior ventilation systems外部通风系统 ................................................................... 28 9.16 Ventilation maintenance通风设备维护 ......................................................................... 28 9.17 Disposal of hazardous materials危险物品处理 ............................................................. 29 10. Non-Routine Task非常规任务 ............................................................................................. 29
10.1 Scope范围 ...................................................................................................................... 29 10.2 Employer Responsibilities雇主职责.............................................................................. 29
HANDLING HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
处理危险物品
1. Purpose 目的
This standard describes: 本标准介绍了：
• the Company hazard communication program, • 公司危险品沟通计划，
• the methods for inventorying and identifying hazardous materials, • 盘点和鉴别危害物质的方法，
• safety procedures to protect against hazardous materials and • 防止危害物质的安全程序，和 • methods for emergency response. • 应急反应方法。
2. Scope 适用范围
This standard is mandatory and applies to all Company businesses including offices and project sites.
本标准为强制性标准并适用于包括办公室和项目现场的公司业务。
Company respects any rules and regulation from prospective owners which are more stringent than what’s specified in the standard.
公司尊重比所规定标准更为严格的未来业主的规章制度。
3. Roles and responsibilities 职责和责任 3.1 Project manager 项目经理
Project managers are responsible for: 项目经理负责：
• communication implementation and compliance of this standard; • 沟通和遵从标准；
• providing resources needed to implement the standard; • 提供执行标准所需的资源；
• developing gap analysis to this standard in consultation with HES department and field personnel.
• 与HES部门和现场人员协商进行该标准的缺口分析。
3.2 Project HES manager 项目安全经理
Project managers are responsible for: 项目经理负责：
• resourcing project with relevant expertise and know-hows; • 利用相关专业知识和技术诀窍为项目提供资源；
• arranging and delivering trainings as required by this standard; • 按照本标准要求，安排并提供培训；
• evaluating the program and assisting project manager to develop gap analysis; • 评估计划，项目副经理负责缺口分析；
• maintaining and updating the list of hazardous materials of the project in assistance of site manager;
• 提供并更新该项目的危险物品清单，以协助现场经理；
3.3 Site manager 现场经理
In consultation and collaboration with HES department, each site manager will or will appoint his/her designee to:
与协商HES部门并给予协助，每个现场经理或指定其人员：
• inform and instruct the affected personnel when the program is updated; • 计划更新后，通知受影响的人员；
• inform employees of the program contents; • 告知员工计划的内容；
• explain the hazardous properties of chemicals in the workplace; • 解释工作地中化学物质有害性； • establish safe work procedures; • 建立安全工作程序；
• ensure the availability of the PPE required to handle the hazardous chemicals; • 保证所要求的PPE可用，以便处理危险化学品；
• review the MSDS of new chemicals for approval before they are introduced into the workplace;
• 引进新化学品的MSDS（物料安全数据表）至工作地之前，对其进行审核和批准； • notify employees when chemicals are introduced into the workplace; • 当引进化学品至工作地时，告知员工；
• schedule training once a year or when necessary and • 按每年确定培训或在需要时确定，并
• help the local HES officers evaluate the program. • 协助现场HES负责人评估计划。
3.4 Worker 工人
Workers are responsible for: 工人负责：
• complying with the standard; • 遵照标准行事；
• reporting to site manager any suspected material; • 向现场经理报告任何可以材料；
3.5 Contractor coordinator 承包商协调人
Contractor coordinators are responsible for: 承包商协调人负责：
• communicating Company standard and requirements to contractors they liaise with; • 与其所联络的承包商沟通公司的标准和要求；
• resolving any conflict associating with implementation and/or compliance of the standard between contractors they liaise with and Company;
• 解决所联络的承包商和公司之间有关执行和/或标准遵从方面的任何冲突；
• evaluating the performance of the contractors they liaise with in consultation and
collaboration with HES department and site managers.
• 以咨询的方式，评估承包商绩效并与HES部门和现场经理协作。
4. Identifying Hazardous Chemicals and Products 辨识危险化学品和产品 4.1 Identifying a hazardous chemical 辨识危险化学品
A hazardous chemical is any chemical or mixture that presents a physical hazard or health hazard. They are established by recognized scientific testing methods performed by the manufacturer, importer or other responsible party.
危险化学品是呈现物理危害或健康危害的化学品或混合物。它们是通过制造商、进口商或其他责任方使用公认的科学测试方法来确定的。
4.1.1 Physical hazards 物理危害
Physical hazards are caused by chemicals that can explode, burst into flame, react or create other harmful physical conditions.
物理危害是由可爆炸、燃烧、反应或制造其他有害物理条件的化学品造成的。
4.1.2 Health hazards 健康危害
Health hazards are caused by chemicals that cause harm to the body. These include toxins, carcinogens, reproductive hazards or any agent that damages the skin, lungs, blood, nervous system, mucous membranes or eyes.
健康危害是由对身体造成伤害的化学品引起的。其包括毒素、致癌物质、再生危险源或任何损害皮肤、肺、血液、神经系统、黏膜或眼睛的药剂。
4.2 Inventory of all chemicals and products 化学品和产品的库存
All local management needs to know which chemicals and products are present within their operations and facilities.
所有现场管理人员需要了解出现在他们操作或设施中的化学品和产品。
All chemicals and products, hazardous and otherwise, must be inventoried for each work area and location. A Chemical Inventory Worksheet should be completed and maintained for each chemical/product and chemical mixture. IF another form is used, THEN it should include the following information:
必须对每个工作区域和地点的所有化学品和产品、危险物品和其他物质进行盘存。对于每种化学品/产品和化合物，应完善和保存化学品盘存工作表。如果使用其他表格，那么应包括下列信息：
• the common (brand or trade) name and chemical name of the chemical/product, • 化学品/产品的常用名（品牌或商标）和化学名称，
• the work area that uses the chemical and amount used in normal operations, • 使用化学品的工作区域和正常操作的使用量，
• the amount and location of the chemical at the site, • 现场化学品的数量和位置， • what the chemical is used for, • 化学品的用途，
• whether the manufacturer’s label is affixed to the container and readable and • 制造商标签是否贴在容器上并可识别，且 • whether a current MSDS is available.
• 现行MSDS是否可用。
Information on chemicals present at a facility is provided in the MSDS sheets shipped by the manufacturer. For more information on MSDSs, see Maintaining Material Safety Data Sheets in this standard.
设施处化学品的信息显示在制造商提供的MSDS上。MSDS上的更多信息，参见本标准中的保持物料安全数据表。
Chemical inventory information can be obtained through: 化学品盘存信息可通过下列方式获得： • Purchasing Department records • 采购部记录
• shipping and receiving records or • 发货和收货记录，或 • physical audits. • 物理检查。
Thorough audits are necessary, since chemicals and products can bypass normal purchasing channels. Audits may be conducted by:
由于化学品和产品可通过一般购买渠道购买，所以彻底检查是必要的。 • corporate and/or regional HSSE personnel or • 公司和/或地区HES人员，或 • area management. • 现场管理人员。
4.3 Identifying hazardous materials 辨识危险物品
After the master inventory list has been created, the Administrator can identify all hazardous chemicals/products by referring to the chemical’s MSDS.
完成主盘存表后，行政人员可通过参考化学品MSDS辨识所有危险化学品/产品。 Any chemical that is a physical or health hazard is considered to be hazardous, including:
任何存在物理危害或健康危害的化学品都认为是有害的，包括：
• substances that are explosive, flammable, combustible or reactive, • 易燃易爆或反应性物质， • compressed gas, • 压缩气体， • oxidizers, • 氧化剂
• organic peroxides, • 有机过氧化物， • phyrophorics, • 自燃物，
• unstable chemicals, • 不稳定化学品，
• water-reactive chemicals, • 与水反应的化学品， • carcinogens, • 致癌物质
• irritants, • 刺激物， • corrosives, • 腐蚀性物质，
• agents acting upon the blood or hematopoetic systems, • 对血液或造血系统起作用的药剂，
• any mixture containing hazardous chemicals in concentration of one percent or more, • 危险化学品浓度≥1%的任何混合物，
• any mixture containing carcinogens in a concentration of .1 percent or more and • 致癌物质浓度≥1%的任何混合物，
• any mixture that contains hazardous chemicals that could exceed applicable permissible exposure limits (PELs) or threshold limit values (TLVs) on release.
• 任何包含可能超过适用的允许暴露极限值(PELs)或容许最高浓度(TLVs)危险化学品的化合物。
4.4 Maintaining the hazardous materials list 保存危险物品列表
Once the list has been completed, it must be kept up-to-date. Any new hazardous materials introduced in work areas must be be approved by the Program Administrator and added to the list as soon as possible.
一旦列表完善，必须保持更新。任何引进工作区域的新危险物品必须通过计划管理人批准并尽快添加到列表中。
4.5 Exception for consumer products 顾客产品的例外
Consumer products are exempt from the inventory, labeling, MSDS and training requirements of the hazard communication program if:
在以下情况下，顾客产品可免受危险品沟通计划中盘存、挂牌、MSDS和培训等要求的约束：
• the products are packaged and labeled in accordance with applicable consumer products regulations;
• 产品包装和挂牌符合适用的顾客产品规定。
• the products remain in their original consumer packaging and the consumer label is intact;
• 产品在顾客原有的包装中，且顾客标签完好；
• the products are used with the same frequency and duration as they would be used by an normal consumer; and
• 当产品被普通顾客所使用时，以相同的频率和期限被使用；以及
• the products are used in a manner consistent with the use intended by the manufacturer.
• 产品以符合制造商设计用途的方式被使用。
Example: The occasional use of a cleaning agent in its original consumer packaging by an office employee to clean a computer monitor would fall under the consumer product exception. The daily use of the same cleaning agent (even if in its original consumer packaging) by a maintenance employee who does such cleaning for a significant portion of a regular workday would not fall under the consumer product exception. In this case, the maintenance employee’s exposure to the agent exceeds the frequency
and duration that would be anticipated for a normal consumer.
例如：办公室员工使用原始顾客包装内的清洁剂对电脑显示器进行清洁的偶然用途将成为顾客产品的例外情况。正常工作日的大部分时间，从事清洁的维护人员使用相同清洁剂（尽管是在原始顾客包装中）的日常用途则不是顾客产品的例外情况。因此，维护人员可超出一般频率和时间接触清洁剂的需求将是普通顾客所期待的。
5. Informing Employees about Potential Hazards 告知员工可能的危险 5.1 Additional Information 额外信息
Additional information on hazard communication is detailed in the following standards: 危险品沟通的额外信息在下列标准中有详细介绍： • Labeling Hazardous Materials • 危险物品的挂牌
• Maintaining Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) • 保存物料安全数据表（MSDS） • Providing Employee Training. • 提供员工培训。
5.2 Hazard communication program 危险品沟通程序
An employer’s hazard communication program must be detailed in a written plan that includes:
雇主的危险品沟通程序必须以书面计划的形式详细说明，包括：
• list(s) of hazardous chemicals present (for the workplace as a whole or for individual work areas),
• （所有工作地或单个工作区域）的危险化学品清单，
• guidelines for container labeling, signs and other forms of warning, • 容器标签、标志和其他警告形式的指导方针，
• a plan for maintenance and distribution of material safety data sheets (MSDS), • MSDS（物料安全数据表）保存和分发计划，
• guidelines for informing employees of the hazards associated with non-routine tasks or with chemicals in unlabeled pipes in their work areas,
• 非常规任务或工区无标签管道内化学品有关的危险源员工通告指导方针，
• guidelines for informing contractors about potential dangers to their employees and appropriate personal protection and
• 通知承包商关于其雇员的潜在危险和适当的人身保护的指导方针，以及 • employee hazardous material training. • 雇员危险物品培训。
A written plan for hazard communication must be kept available for: 危险品沟通的书面计划必须提供给： • all employees, • 所有员工，
• their designated representatives and • 员工的指定代表，和
• local regulatory authorities. • 当地管理机关。
5.3 New information 新的信息
IF any information regarding a hazardous material changes, THEN employees must be informed as soon as possible.
如果有任何关于危险物品变化的信息，必须尽快通知员工。
5.4 Contractors 承包商
Contractors must abide by all Company rules: 承包商必须遵守所有公司规定 • observe all hazard warnings; • 遵守所有危害警告；
• take appropriate precautions and • 采取适当的预防措施，和
• wear personal protective gear as required. • 按要求穿戴个人防护用品。
5.5 Transportation 运输
Drivers transporting hazardous materials must have CDL certification. They should also have MSDSs for any hazardous materials that they may be carrying at any given time. In addition, all regulatory requirements regarding placarding must be observed.
运输危险物品的驾驶员必须有CDL资格证书。他们也应该有危险物品（可能在某一给定时间他们就在运输这些物质）的MSDS。另外，所有关于张贴的管理要求都应该遵守。
6. Labeling Hazardous Materials 危险品标识 6.1 Labeling requirements 标识的要求
Manufacturers and distributors label, tag or mark each container of chemicals leaving a workplace with:
制造商和批发商对离开工区的每个化学品容器贴标签、挂牌或标记，标签的作用是： • the identity of the hazardous chemicals, • 危险化学品识别，
• appropriate hazard warnings, including • 正确的危害警告，包括 o health hazards, o 健康危害， o fire hazards and o 火灾危害，和 o reactivity and o 反应性，以及
• the name and address of the chemical manufacturer, importer or other responsible party.
• 制造商、进口商或其他责任方的名称和地址。 Example例如:
For hazardous waste, labeling, tagging and marking requirements must also satisfy local transportation and safety regulations.
对于有害废物，标签、挂牌和标记要求也必须满足当地运输和安全规定。 Information on the labels must be: 标签上的信息必须：
• in English and the appropriate local language (if not English), • 用英语和正确的当地语言（如果不是英语）， • legible and • 清楚并
• conspicuously displayed. • 位于显著位置。
IF an incoming container has no label or is incorrectly labeled, THEN reject the shipment.
如果引进的容器没有标签或标签不正确，则应拒收。
6.2 Applicable containers 适用的容器
The labeling requirements apply to the following container types: 贴标签的要求适用于下列容器类型： • bags, 袋子 • barrels,桶 • boxes,盒子 • cans,罐 • bottles,瓶子 • cylinders, 缸 • drums and 圆桶
• any other portable containers of hazardous chemicals.任何其他可移动危险化学品的容器。
Exception: IF an employee transfers a small quantity of a chemical or product from its original container into a portable container for immediate use by the end of a work shift, THEN the labeling requirements do not apply. However, each operating management should assess the potential for mishap and determine the appropriate labeling for containers in immediate use situations.
例外情况：如果是收工前工作班组需要立即使用时，员工从原始容器转运少量化学品或产品到一个可移动容器的情况，则标签要求不适用。但是，每个操作管理人员需要评估潜在的危害并确定立即使用情况下的容器标签方法。
6.3 Fixed or stationary containers 永久或固定容器
Storage tanks for diesel and gas do not require individual labeling. However, their contents must be identified by:
柴油和燃气储罐不要求单独标签。但是其内含物必须通过以下方式标明： • an internationally recognized symbol for fire hazard, • 国际公认的火灾符号， • appropriate signs, • 正确的标识， • placards,
• 布告标语牌， • process sheets, • 工艺卡片， • batch tickets, • 批票（批条），
• operating procedures or • 操作程序，或
• other written material as established by management. • 管理人员制定其他书面材料。
6.4 Pipes and piping systems 管道和管道系统
Before any employee begins work on unlabeled pipes, the employee’s supervisor or lead person will contact the Manager of Manufacturing and/or Operations. The Manager will identify the chemical in the pipes.
任何员工在未标签管道上开始工作之前，员工管理人员或领导将联系制造和/或操作经理。 经理将对管道内化学品作出辨别。
The local supervisor will then meet with the employee to: 现场管理人员将召集雇员：
• review the MSDS for each hazardous chemical involved; • 审核涉及到的每种危险化学品的MSDS；
• determine the specific hazards involved and the precautionary measures to be taken and
• 确定涉及到的特殊危险源和将要采取的预防措施，并
• explain the environmental controls and personal protective equipment that will be necessary for the task.
• 解释任务中必要的环境控制和PPE。
Warning signs Warning signs must be posted and maintained in hazardous chemical storage areas and work areas.
警告标识 警告标识必须张贴和保留在危险化学品储存区域和工作区域。
6.5 Unlabeled containers 未标识的容器
IF an employee finds a container with no label, THEN he or she must report the
problem to their supervisor immediately. The supervisor is responsible for labeling the container.
Do not deface or remove labels except to replace them with new labels.
如果员工发现容器没有标签，应立即将问题报告给管理人员。管理人员负责给容器贴上标签。不要破坏或移除标签，除非是要换上新的标签。
7. Maintaining Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) 保存物料安全数据表 7.1 MSDS requirements 物料安全数据表要求
All hazardous chemicals present at a facility that do not fall under the consumer product exception are to have a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), which identifies the chemical or product and each hazardous ingredient.
不属于顾客产品例外情况的所有危险化学品应有用于辨别化学品或产品和每种有害成分的物料安全数据表（MSDS）。
Chemical manufacturers and importers must provide MSDSs before or when shipping a hazardous chemical to a workplace. IF an MSDS is not attached to the inventory
worksheet or on file, THEN the manufacturer must be contacted as soon as possible for a copy of the MSDS.
在发运危险化学品到工作地时/之前，化学品制造商和进口商必须提供MSDS。如果MSDS没有附在盘存工作表上或文件上，必须尽快联系制造商索取MSDS复本。
7.2 Availability of MSDSs 物料安全数据表的取得
MSDSs must be available to all employees. As a part of their basic orientation, all employees are made aware of:
MSDS必须提供给所有员工。作为他们基本定位的一部分，应让所有员工知道： • the location and availability of MSDSs, • MSDS的位置和获取， • purpose,
• 用途，
• use of MSDSs, • MSDS的使用，
• the type of information they contain and • 其包含的信息类型和
• how the MSDSs are applicable to their jobs. • MSDS如何运用于他们的工作中。
MSDSs may be kept at a central facility for the use of employees required to perform work at multiple locations. Employees, in such situations, should have access to the MSDS information through phone, radio, computer or fax.
可将MSDS放在中央设施的位置，方便在多个位置工作的员工使用。在此类情况下，员工应通过电话、收音机、电脑或传真获取MSDS信息。
A complete set of MSDSs covering all hazardous chemicals or products present at a facility should be maintained by the Administrator and other persons as necessary. Example: The local supervisor may keep a master copy of the MSDS set, while other sets are placed as necessary in the work areas.
如有必要，管理人员和其他人应保留一套完整的涵盖某一设施处所出现的所有化学品或产品的MSDS。例如：当其他MSDS按要求放在工作区域时，现场监督人员可保留一份MSDS的原版拷贝。
MSDSs must be provided to designated employee representatives or regulatory
authorities upon request. In addition, local environmental regulations may require that MSDSs be provided to the local emergency planning organizations and local fire departments for emergency planning and community right-to-know purposes.
一经要求，MSDS必须提供给指定的员工代表或管理机关。此外，当地环境管理部门可能要求提供MSDS给当地紧急计划组织和当地消防队，用于紧急计划的制定和社区知情权的目的。
7.3 Work station listings 工作场所列表
Each supervisor may assemble a list of hazardous chemicals used or located in his/her work area.
每个监督人员将汇总一个其工作区域内使用或放置的危险化学品清单。 Each work area should have a protective binder with: 每个工作区域都应有一个装订机用于装订： • the listing of hazardous chemicals, • 危险化学品清单，
• MSDSs for every chemical on the list and • 清单上每种化学品的MSDS，和
• a copy of this Hazard Communication Program. • 危险品沟通计划复本。
The binder should not be removed from the work area. 装订机不应从工区移除。
The department supervisor must ensure the materials in the binder are current. 部门监督人员必须保证装订的材料是最新材料。
7.4 Using MSDSs 使用物料安全数据表
Employees must refer to MSDSs: 员工必须参照MSDS：
• prior to their initial exposure to or use of hazardous chemicals and • 初始接触或使用危险化学品之前，以及
• whenever there is a question about a specific chemical’s • 对特殊化学品有问题时 o hazards or o 危险品或
o requirements for safe use and handling. O 安全使用和处理要求
7.5 Requesting an MSDS from a vendor or manufacturer 从供货商处取得物料安全数据表
MSDSs may be requested by telephone or in writing. In certain circumstances, some manufacturers may also post MSDSs for their products on their web sites.
可通过电话或书面形式索取MSDS。在某些情况下，一些制造商也将他们产品的MSDS贴在他们自己的网页上。
IF an MSDS is requested by phone, THEN the phone call must be documented, including:
如果是通过电话索取MSDS，那么必须记录通话情况，包括： • date and time of call and • 通话日期和时间，以及
• name of person receiving the request. • 收到要求的人的名字。
IF an MSDS is requested in writing, THEN the letter must be sent by registered mail, with return receipt requested. 如果是以书面形式索取MSDS，那么信函必须通过注册的邮箱发送，并要求发送邮件的回执。
7.6 Contents of the MSDS 物料安全数据表内容
Each MSDS must be available in English. If necessary, provide versions in other languages as needed.
每份MSDS必须使用英语。若有必要，按需要提供其他语言的版本。 The MSDS must contain: MSDS必须包括：
1. Identity of the chemical and manufacturer: 1. 辨识化学品和厂家：
• the name of the product used on the label • 所使用产品标签上的名称 • labeling requirements • 标签要求
• date of MSDS preparation and last date of revision • MSDS编制日期和最新修订日期
• name, address and telephone number of the party that prepared the MSDS. • 编制MSDS一方的名称、地址和电话号码。 2. Hazardous ingredients/identity: 2. 有害成分/特性：
• the chemical and common names of the hazardous ingredients • 化学品和有害成分的常用名
• Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) • 允许暴露极限值（PEL） • Threshold Limit Value (TLV) • 容许最高浓度（TLV）
3. Physical/chemical characteristics: 3. 物理/化学特性： • boiling point • 沸点
• specific gravity • 比重
• vapor pressure • 蒸气压力 • melting point • 熔点
• vapor density • 蒸气浓度
• evaporation rate • 蒸发率
• reactivity with water • 与水的反应性
• odor and appearance • 气味和外观
4. Fire and explosion hazard information: 4. 火灾和爆炸危险信息： • flash point • 燃点
• flammable limits • 易燃极限
• extinguishing media • 灭火介质
• special fire fighting procedures • 特殊防火程序 • unusual hazards • 异常危险品
5. Reactivity data: 5. 反应性数据： • chemical stability • 化学稳定性
• hazardous polymerization • 有害聚合作用
• incompatibility with other materials • 与其他物质的不相容性
• hazardous decomposition or by-products • 有害分解或副产品
• conditions to be avoided. • 欲避免的条件。
6. Health hazard data: 6. 健康危害数据：
• signs and symptoms of exposure • 暴露迹象和症状
• any medical conditions aggravated by exposure • 暴露所加重的任何医疗症状
• primary route of entry into the body (e.g. ingestion, inhalation, skin contact) • 进入体内的主要途径（例如：摄取、吸入和皮肤接触） • listing in the NTP Annual Report on carcinogens • 致癌物质NTP年度报告中所列出的 • identification as a potential carcinogen • 辨认为潜在致癌物质
• acute and chronic health hazards associated with exposure • 与暴露有关的急性和慢性健康危害 • emergency and first aid procedures. • 紧急情况和急救程序。
7. Precautions for safe handling and use: 7. 安全处理和使用的预防措施：
• steps to be taken in case of spill or release • 溅出或泄漏情况采取的步骤 • waste disposal method • 废物处理方法
• precautions to be taken in handling and storing • 处理和储存采取的预防措施 • hygiene practices • 卫生守则
• protective measures during repair and maintenance of contaminated equipment • 修理和保养受污染设备期间的保护措施 8. Control measures: 8. 控制措施： • ventilation • 通风
• engineering controls • 工程技术控制措施 • work practices • 工作守则
• personal protective equipment • 个人防护用品
7.7 Trade secrets 商业机密
The specific chemical identity of a product may be withheld from an MSDS for a product claimed as a trade secret. However, all other required information must be included. IF treatment is needed in an emergency OR a health care professional requests the product’s chemical identity in writing, THEN the chemical identity must be provided. 某一产品的特殊化学性质应保留在商业机密产品的MSDS上。但是，所有其他要求的信息必须包括在内。如果紧急事故中需要处理或健康护理专家要求产品书面的化学性质，那么必须提供其化学性质。
7.8 Handling contractors 和承包商的沟通
Before an outside contractor or vendor works in any area of the Company: 外部承包商或供应商在公司的任何区域工作之前： • the contractor must: • 承包商必须
o provide a list of all hazardous chemicals he or she will bring into the work areas, o 提供他/她将要带入工作区域的所有危险化学品清单，
o present a current MSDS for each chemical (to be requested via fax if MSDS is not provided) and
O 提供每种化学品最新的MSDS（如果MSDS没有提供，通过传真形式索取），以及 o demonstrate compliance with Company policies and regulations and o 出示与公司政策和规定相符合的文件，并且
• the Company supervisor who is in charge of the task performed by the contractor must:
• 负责承包商执行的任务的公司监督人员必须：
o provide a list of all hazardous chemicals in the area where the contractor will be working and
o 提供承包商工作区域内所有危险化学品清单和
o ensure a current MSDS for each chemical is available. O 保证提供每种化学品最新的MSDS。
7.9 Vehicles 车辆
Any company vehicle carrying a chemical requiring an MSDS must have copies of the MSDS in the vehicle.
任何运输要求MSDS的化学品的公司车辆上必须有MSDS的复印件。
8. Training 培训
8.1 Providing training 培训提供
Employers must provide chemical hazard information and training to employees who: 雇主必须向下列员工提供化学品危害信息和培训：
• are exposed to hazardous chemicals in their job duties or • 工作中暴露于危险化学品的员工或
• could be exposed to hazardous chemicals in reasonably foreseeable emergencies
(e.g. equipment failure, tank rupture).
•暴露于可合理预测的紧急情况中（例如：设备故障、容器破裂）的危险化学品的员工。 Employees receive their training: 在以下情况中，员工需接受培训：
• at the time of their initial assignment to a work area where hazardous materials are present and
•在有危险物品的工作区域初次作业时
• whenever a new hazard is introduced into their work area. • 新危险源引入工作区域时。
8.2 General training 一般性培训
Employees must complete hazard communication training as a general introduction to: 员工必须完成以下项目作为一般性介绍的危险品沟通培训：
• the employee information and training standards of Hazard Communication, • 员工信息和危险品沟通的培训标准，
• the operations in their work areas where hazardous chemicals are present and • 有危险化学品工区的操作和 • the location and availability of: • 下列项目的位置和可用性：
o the written Hazard Communication Program, o 纸制危险品沟通程序，
o the list of hazardous chemicals and o 危险化学品清单和 o appropriate MSDSs. o 适用的MSDS。
Information and training may be done either by individual chemical, or by categories of hazards (such as flammability or carcinogenicity). If there are only a few chemicals in the workplace, then you may want to discuss each one individually. Where there are large numbers of chemicals, or the chemicals change frequently, you will probably want to train generally based on the hazard categories below (e.g., flammable liquids, corrosive materials, carcinogens).
信息提供和培训既可通过单个化学品完成，也可通过危险品分类（如可燃性或致癌性）来完成。如果工作地只有少数几种化学品，那么可对每种化学品单独讨论。如果有大量化学品或化学品经常更换，则可能需要基于下列危险品分类（如可燃液体、腐蚀品、致癌物质）来完成。
When training HazCom by hazard category rather than by individual chemicals, additional training is to be done whenever a new hazard is introduced into the work area, not a new chemical. For example, if a new solvent is brought into the workplace, and it has hazards similar to existing chemicals for which training has already been conducted, then no new training is required. Of course, the substance-specific data sheet must be available, and the product must be properly labeled. If the newly
introduced solvent is a suspect carcinogen, and there has never been a carcinogenic hazard in the workplace before, then new training for carcinogen hazards must be conducted in the work areas where employees will be exposed to it. 当采用危险品分类培训HazCom，而非单个化学品的时候，如果有新的危险源而不是新的
化学品引入工区，则需要进行额外的培训。例如：如果一种新的溶剂被引进工作地，且其危害性与培训过的现有化学品相似，那么不需要新的培训。当然，必须提供物质的具体数据表，并且该产品必须正确地贴上标签。如果新进溶剂是一种可疑的致癌物质且工作地之前从未有过致癌危险源，那么必须对那些会在工作区域接触到该致癌危险源的员工进行新的培训。
Thus if an employer trains regarding all twenty-three possible physical and health hazards, there is no re-training required other than routine annual refresher training. If the employer chooses to limit the initial training to some subset of the twenty three hazards, and a chemical is introduced into the workplace that has a hazard which has not been addressed in the initial training, then re-training must occur.
因此，如果雇主对对所有23个可能的物理和健康危险源进行培训，那么就不需要重新培训，除了每年例行的进修培训。如果雇主限定初始培训为23个危险源的一些子项目，且引入工作地的化学品具有初始培训中未提到的危害，那么必须进行再培训。
Employees will have access to the substance-specific information on the labels and MSDSs. Information and training is a critical part of the hazard communication program. Information regarding hazards and protective measures are provided to workers through written labels and material safety data sheets. However, through effective information and training, workers will learn to read and understand such information, determine how it can be obtained and used in their own workplaces, and understand the risks of exposure to the chemicals in their workplaces as well as the ways to protect themselves.
员工将有权使用标签和MSDS上的物质特殊信息。信息和培训时危险品沟通计划中的关键部分。关于危险源的信息和防护措施将通过书面的标签和物料安全数据表提供给工人。但是，通过有效的信息和培训，工人应学会读取和理解此类信息，确定如何在其自己的工作地获取和使用此类信息，并且了解在工作地接触化学品的风险和保护自己的方法。
8.3 Hazard Categories 危险品分类
8.3.1 Carcinogen 致癌物
A chemical is considered to be a carcinogen if:
如果存在以下情况，则化学品将被认为是致癌物质：
• It has been evaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and found to be a carcinogen or potential carcinogen; or
• 国际癌症研究机构（IARC）评价并发现是致癌物质或潜在致癌物质；或 • It is listed as a carcinogen or potential carcinogen in the Annual Report on
Carcinogens published by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) (latest edition); or, • 国家毒物计划（NTP）（最新版）公布的致癌物质年度报告中列为致癌物质或潜在致癌物质；或
• It is regulated as a carcinogen. • 规定为致癌物质。
8.3.2 Corrosive 腐蚀性
A chemical that causes visible destruction of, or irreversible alterations in, living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact. This term shall not refer to action on inanimate surfaces.
在现场接触到的通过化学反应对活组织造成可见的损坏或不可逆转的改变的化学品。该术语不涉及无生命表面上的反应。
8.3.3 Highly toxic 剧毒
A chemical falling within any of the following categories: 属于下列范畴的化学品：
• A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 50 milligrams or less per kilogram of body weight when administered orally to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.
• 在喂服每只重量在200和300克之间的大白鼠情况下，每千克体重的中等致命剂量（LD50）为50毫克或更少的化学品。
• A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 200 milligrams or less per
kilogram of body weight when administered by continuous contact for 24 hours (or less if death occurs within 24 hours) with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between two and three kilograms each.
• 每只重量在2和3千克之间的裸露皮肤的大白兔持续接触24小时（或更少，如果在24小时内发生死亡）的情况下，每千克体重的中等致命剂量（LD50）为200毫克或更少的化学品。
• A chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LC50) in air of 200 parts per million by volume or less of gas or vapor, or 2 milligrams per liter or less of mist, fume, or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for one hour (or less if death occurs within one hour) to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.
• 每只重量在200和300克之间的大白鼠持续吸入1小时（或更少，若1小时之内发生死亡）的情况下，每百万体积或更小体积的气体或蒸气的中等致命浓度（LC50）为200份的化学品，或者每升或更少轻雾、烟雾或灰尘的中等致命剂量为2毫克的化学品。
8.3.4 Irritant 刺激性
A chemical, which is not corrosive, but which causes a reversible inflammatory effect on living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact.
在现场接触到的通过化学反应对活组织造成可逆性炎症的无腐蚀性化学品。
8.3.5 Sensitizer敏化剂
A chemical that causes a substantial proportion of exposed people or animals to
develop an allergic reaction in normal tissue after repeated exposure to the chemical. 重复接触后，使人或动物的实质部分的普通组织产生过敏反应的化学品。
8.3.6 Toxic 有毒
A chemical falling within any of the following categories: 属于下列范畴的化学品：
• A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of more than 50 milligrams per kilogram but not more than 500 milligrams per kilogram of body weight when administered orally to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each. • 在喂服每只重量在200和300克之间的大白鼠情况下，每千克体重的中等致命剂量（LD50）为50毫克，但不大于每千克体重500毫克的化学品。
• A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of more than 200 milligrams per
kilogram but not more than 1,000 milligrams per kilogram of body weight when
administered by continuous contact for 24 hours (or less if death occurs within 24 hours) with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between two and three kilograms each. • 每只重量在2和3千克之间的裸露皮肤的大白兔持续接触24小时（或更少，如果在24小时内发生死亡）的情况下，每千克体重的中等致命剂量（LD50）为200毫克，但不大于每千克体重1000毫克的化学品。
• A chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LC50) in air of more than 200 parts per million but not more than 2,000 parts per million by volume of gas or vapor, or more than two milligrams per liter but not more than 20 milligrams per liter of mist, fume, or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for one hour (or less if death occurs within one hour) to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.
• 每只重量在200和300克之间的大白鼠持续吸入1小时（或更少，若1小时之内发生死亡）的情况下，每百万体积的气体或蒸气的中等致命浓度（LC50）大于200份，但不大于2000份的化学品，或者每升轻雾、烟雾或灰尘的中等致命剂量大于2毫克，但不大于20毫克的化学品。
8.3.7 Target organ effects 目标器官影响
The following is a target organ categorization of effects which may occur, including examples of signs and symptoms and chemicals which have been found to cause such effects. These examples are presented to illustrate the range and diversity of effects and hazards found in the workplace, and the broad scope employers must consider in this area, but are not intended to be all-inclusive.
以下是可能出现的目标器官影响的分类，包括已发现可造成此类影响的迹象、症状和化学品的范例。这些例子用于阐明工区内发现的影响和危害的范围和多样性；大多数雇主必须考虑这方面的事情，但也不必包罗万象。
a) Hepatotoxins: Chemicals which produce liver damage a)肝毒素：损坏肝脏的化学品
Signs & Symptoms: Jaundice; liver enlargement 迹象和症状：黄疸；肝脏肿大
Chemicals: Carbon tetrachloride; nitrosamines 化学品：四氯化碳；亚硝胺
b) Nephrotoxins: Chemicals which produce kidney damage b）肾毒素：损坏肾脏的化学品
Signs & Symptoms: Edema; proteinuria 迹象和症状：水肿；蛋白尿症
Chemicals: Halogenated hydrocarbons; uranium 化学品：卤代烃；铀
c) Neurotoxins: Chemicals which produce their primary toxic effects on the nervous system
c) 神经毒素：对神经系统产生初步毒性作用的化学品
Signs & Symptoms: Narcosis; behavioral changes; decrease in motor functions 迹象和症状：昏迷；行为改变；运动功能下降 Chemicals: Mercury; carbon disulfide 化学品：水银；二硫化碳
d) Agents which act on the blood or hemato-poietic system: Decrease hemoglobin
function; deprive the body tissues of oxygen
d）作用于血液或造血系统的药剂：降低血色素功能；使身体组织缺氧 Signs & Symptoms: Cyanosis; loss of consciousness 迹象和症状：黄萎病；失去意识
Chemicals: Carbon monoxide; cyanides 化学品：一氧化碳；氰化物
e) Agents which damage the lung: Chemicals which irritate or damage pulmonary tissue
e) 损害肺的药剂：刺激或破坏肺部组织的化学品
Signs & Symptoms: Cough; tightness in chest; shortness of breath 迹象和症状：咳嗽；胸闷；气短 Chemicals: Silica; asbestos 化学品：无水硅酸；石棉
f) Reproductive toxins: Chemicals which affect the reproductive capabilities including chromosomal damage (mutations) and effects on fetuses (teratogenesis)
f) 生殖毒素：影响生殖能力（包括染色体损坏（突变）和对胎儿的影响（畸形生长））的化学品，
Signs & Symptoms: Birth defects; sterility 迹象和症状：出生缺陷；不育 Chemicals: Lead; DBCP
化学品：铅；DBCP(二溴氯丙烷(农药名))
g) Cutaneous hazards: Chemicals which affect the dermal layer of the body g) 皮肤危害：影响身体真皮层的化学品
Signs & Symptoms: Defatting of the skin; rashes; irritation 迹象和症状：皮肤脱脂；皮疹；发炎
Chemicals: Ketones; chlorinated compounds 化学品：酮；氯化化合物
h) Eye hazards: Chemicals which affect the eye or visual capacity h) 眼睛危害：影响眼睛或视觉能力的化学品
Signs & Symptoms: Conjunctivitis; corneal damage 迹象和症状：结膜炎；角膜破坏 Chemicals: Organic solvents; acids 化学品：有机溶剂；酸类
Physical hazard means a chemical for which there is scientifically valid evidence that it is:
物理危险品意味着某一化学品具有科学有效依据证明其是： • combustible liquid • 可燃液体
• compressed gas • 压缩气体 • explosive • 具有易爆性 • flammable • 可燃性
• organic peroxide • 有机过氧化物 • oxidizer • 氧化剂 • pyrophoric • 自燃性
• unstable (reactive) • 不稳定 （反应性） • water-reactive. • 水反应性。
8.4 Specific training 具体的培训
When opting to provide training on specific chemicals rather than hazard categories, the extent of specific training for an employee or group of employees is based on: 当选择就具体化学品，而非危险品分类进行培训时，针对某一员工或某一组员工的具体培训范围基于：
• actual exposure or potential for exposure to hazardous chemicals, • 危险化学品的实际暴露或潜在暴露， • job positions, • 工作地点，
• job assignments and • 工作分配和
• information provided by the chemical inventory worksheets. • 化学盘存工作表提供的信息。 This training must include: 此培训必须包括：
• information on the hazards, labeling, safe use, handling and storage requirements of the chemicals,
• 危险源信息、化学品的标签、安全使用、处理和储存要求。
• methods for detecting the release of hazardous substances (e.g. personal monitoring, continuous monitoring devices, etc.),
• 检测有害物质泄漏的方法（例如：人员监控、连续监控设备等）， • personal protective measures, • 人身保护措施，
• the location and use of the chemicals, • 化学品的地点和使用，
• the appropriate MSDS for each substance, • 每种物质适用的MSDS，
• the location of the MSDSs and • MSDS的位置和
• details of the written hazard communication plan and its location. • 纸制危险品沟通计划详细情况和其所在的位置。
8.5 Providing training 提供培训
Specific substance training may be presented by the supervisor or other appropriate
person.
具体物质的培训应由监督人员或其他合适的人员完成。
8.6 Personal protective equipment 个人防护用品
Employees who are required to use respiratory protection in a work area must meet the necessary requirements of the facility’s respiratory protection program prior to initial assignment. Refer to the Respiratory Protection standard for more information.
初始作业之前，在工区内要求使用呼吸保护器的员工必须遵循设备呼吸保护计划的必要要求。更多信息参考呼吸保护标准。
8.7 Maintaining records 记录保存
Supervisors are responsible for maintaining hazard communication training records. Each training session must have a participant’s list or sign-in sheet that includes:
监督人员负责保存危险品沟通培训的记录。每次培训会议必须有包含以下内容的参与者名单或签到表： • date of training, • 培训日期，
• specific hazardous chemical(s) covered, • 涵盖特殊危险化学品，
• name of the training presenter and • 培训师姓名和
• signatures of each employee attending the training. • 参加培训员工的签字。
Tests and training evaluations should also be used to evaluate the training. 测试和培训评估也应用来评估培训。
8.8 New information 新的信息
When an employer, manufacturer or importer becomes aware of new or significant information regarding:
当雇主、制造商或进口商知道关于下列项目的新的或重大的信息时， • the hazards of a chemical and • 某一化学品的危害和
• ways to protect against chemical hazards. • 防止化学品危害的方法。
This information is to be added to the MSDS within three months. 应在三个月内将该信息添加到MSDS中。
The Company is responsible for providing training on this new information to employees when necessary.
必要时，公司负责向员工提供该新信息的培训。
9. Protecting Against Hazardous Materials 防危险品 9.1 Providing first aid 急救
IF employees are exposed to or injured by hazardous materials and require first aid treatment, THEN:
如果员工暴露与危险物品或被危险物品伤害，需要急救处理，那么：
• consult the MSDS for information regarding the chemical; •查阅物料安全数据表了解化学品的信息；
• telephone local emergency services (if it is an emergency involving life threatening consequences) and
•致电当地紧急服务中心（如果不不是威胁到生命的紧急事件）并
• arrange for transportation to the nearest medical facility for help immediately. •转移到就近医疗设施处。
9.2 Personal protective equipment个人防护用品
Employees must wear standard PPE when working with or near hazardous materials. Additional PPE will be specified in the MSDS.
当员工在工作中使用危险物品或靠近危险品时，必须佩带PPE。物料安全数据表中列明了额外需要PPE的信息
For painting operations, refer to the standard Performing Spray Painting Operations. 对于喷漆作业，请参“考喷漆作业”标准。
9.3 Control measures控制措施
Facilities must develop control measures to reduce or restrict exposure to hazardous materials. These measures must be reviewed annually or as needed at safety meetings.
实施应该有控制措施以减少或限制暴露到危险品。这些措施应每年或在安全会议上核查。
9.4 Substitution of products物品替代
When possible, less hazardous alternative products should be substituted for those containing hazardous substances. 如有可能，用无害物品替代有害物品。
Examples: using mineral spirits in place of benzene or fiberglass in place of asbestos. 例如：使用矿物型溶剂替代苯或用玻璃纤维替代石棉等。
9.5 Minimizing quantities减少数量
Only those chemicals and products necessary to an operating activity or job should be kept in work areas and at Company facilities. Drums and other containers of materials that will not be used should be removed from locations.
只有那些必须使用的化学物品财能储存在工作区域和公司设施附近。盛装化学物品的桶或其他容器不使用时应搬离工作场所。
9.6 Storage储存
Chemicals and products must always be kept in suitable labeled containers. The containers must be kept closed and in approved storage areas when not in use.
化学物品必须储存在有合适标签的容器里面。该化学物品不使用时，该容器应密封并储存在经批准的区域。
Flammable substances must always be stored: 易燃物品储存：
• away from sources of ignition and •远离火源和
• in containment areas specifically designed for flammable storage. •专业储存易燃物品的密封区域。
9.7 Moving chemical between containers化学物品在容器间转移
Use a bung and a spout to move chemicals between containers. Never puncture a container.
Place a drip pan under the spout of each container.
利用塞子和管子转移化学物品，绝对不能在容器上打孔。在每个容器的管子下面放置一个接滴盘。
9.8 Disposing of empty containers空容器的处置
Contact the third-party vendor for the chemical to dispose of empty containers. IF you wish to re-use a container, THEN use it only for the chemicals it previously contained.
联系第三方处置盛装化学物品的空容器。如果打算重复使用该容器，其只能盛装和以前相同的化学物品
9.9 Pipes and piping systems管道系统
Valves on pipes must be checked regularly to ensure that they are not leaking. 管道上的阀门应定期检查以确保不会泄露。
9.10 Particles粒子
Substances likely to release particles should be dampened before handling. Floors and work surfaces should be dampened and/or wet-cleaned. Affected processes include: grinding, milling, sandblasting and manufacturing.
易挥发性的物质在被处理时，其应被浸湿。地板和工作面被浸湿和或润湿清理。受影响的工作程序：打磨、磨粉、喷砂和加工。
9.11 Using closed systems使用封闭系统
Closed systems are enclosures that are sealed to prevent any exchange between the hazardous substance inside the system and the air outside the system. They prevent any direct contact between the workers and the substance. They are required for several substances established as carcinogens.
封闭系统可以有效预防系统内的危险物品与系统外的空气交换，其可避免工人直接和危险物品接触。其被认为是致癌源。 Examples of closed systems: 封闭系统举例：
• Direct pumping from tank truck to storage tank and from storage tank to reaction vessels or other closed sites.
•直接从油罐车转移到储油罐或从储油罐转移到使用车辆或其他场所。
• The glove box, which allows workers to handle a highly toxic substance without direct contact.
•手套箱可以使员工在从事高毒性的工作时而不和气接触。
9.12 General ventilation一般通风系统
General ventilation is primarily used to keep workers comfortable by regulating the air
temperature. However, it can be designed to dilute airborne contaminants with fresh air. Dilution is frequently used to reduce carbon monoxide levels in warehouses and other large open work areas.
一般通风系统通过调节空气的温度而让员工保持舒服的状态。此外，其也有稀释空气中污染物的作用。稀释作用可以减少仓库中其他大型场所的CO含量。
9.13 Enclosing ventilation systems封闭式通风系统
An enclosing system surrounds the work process with an enclosure. A fan pulls the air into the enclosure and away from the worker. The air is then moved through ductwork to another area, usually outside. The air may be filtered to remove hazardous products. Affected processes include welding and painting.
封闭式通风系统用在工作场所周围布置有排烟罩。风扇将空气吸进排烟罩使其远离员工，然后通过管道系统将空气排出室外。该空气中的危险物品可被过滤。适用的场所包含焊接和喷漆场所
Example: A standard ventilation hood. 例如：标准通风罩
9.14 Receiving ventilation systems接收式通风系统
Receiving systems catch substances in motion and direct them away from the worker. Example: Hoods used in sawing, grinding and spray painting operations. 接收试通风系统可以吸收静止的物质，并使其远离工人。 例如：锯割、打磨和喷漆场所使用的风罩。
9.15 Exterior ventilation systems外部通风系统
Exterior systems provide exhaust ventilation at a point removed from the actual work process. The further the system is from the work process, the less effective it is. Examples: Systems used in foundries and smelters, slot hoods.
外部通风系统可以排出工作场所的空气。通风系统离的效果与其与工作场所的距离成反比。比如：用于铸造车间、冶炼厂的系统和吸风扇。
9.16 Ventilation maintenance通风设备维护
Ventilation systems require regular inspection and maintenance, including: 通风系统需要定期检查和维护，包括： • changing filters as needed, • 如有需要更换过滤器， • system balancing, •系统平衡，
• replacement of fan belts and other parts, •更换风扇皮带和其他部件； • removing settled dust, •去除灰尘；
• cleaning blades to prevent off-setting waste and •清洗叶片预防灰尘倒流，
• breakdown maintenance as needed. •如有必要，拆卸维护。
Note: Some ventilation systems, such as those used in some paint booths, may have monitors to let you know when the filter needs replacing.
注释：有些通风系统，比如用在喷漆房的，带有提示更换过滤器的显示器。
9.17 Disposal of hazardous materials危险物品处理
Unnecessary hazardous materials and waste products must be stored, transported and disposed of according to applicable regulations and Company procedures. Consult with your Supervisor before disposing of any hazardous material.
不需要的危险物品和废品德储存、运输和处置必须遵守相应的章程和工时程序。在处置危险品前咨询你的主管。
10. Non-Routine Task非常规任务 10.1 Scope范围
This applies to all Company locations and personnel and contractor involved in handling hazardous materials.
此项适用于所有的公司项目和涉及到危险化学品的人员和承包商。
10.2 Employer Responsibilities雇主职责
IF employees are given a non-routine task (a task not normally performed) that has the potential for exposure to hazardous chemicals, they will require additional training to complete the task.
如果雇员被要求从事非常规任务（此非日常执行任务），该任务使雇员有暴露在化学物的潜在危险，则该雇员应接受完成该任务的额外培训。 Examples: 比如：
• cleaning tanks and •清洗化学品储存罐和
• entering a confined space, sump or well cellar. •进入受限空间、储油槽或井口。
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