七年级英语句子成分
1、词类:英语词类分十种:
名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词(n.): 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.
2、代词(pron.): 主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it .
3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange .
4、数词(num.): 表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.
5、动词(v.): 表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see .
6、副词(adv.): 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.
7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the.
8、介词(prep.): 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind.
9、连词(conj.): 用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .
10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello.
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英语句子与汉语句子一样,都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此,只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分,才能正确分析、理解句子的含义,并能准确地遣词造句,逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。
【问】什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分?
【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。
【问】各成分在句中的作用如何?分别由哪些词及短语充当?
1.主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如:
The car is running fast. / The girl can sing many English songs.(名词)
We are students. / This is my pen . Yours is on the desk.(代词)
One of my classmates is from Shanghai. / Two and three is finve.(数词)
The blind need more help.(名词化的形容词)
It's bad manners to spit in public. (不定式)
Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)
【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。
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.2.谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如:
由单一动词作谓语:We are Chinese. / He has an English- Chinese dictionary.
情态动词加主要动词:We can play the piano. / You must see the doctor.
助动词加主要动词构成谓语:She is talking with her sister.
【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。
3.表语:用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受,一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有:be,look,get,sound(听起来),feel,become, smell,turn,taste(尝起来)等。如:
They are workers.(名词)
Two and three is five.(数词)
The story is very interesting.(形容词)
M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词)
She is at home.(介词短语)
I feel terrible.(形容词)
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The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)
He is here (副词)
It’s getting dark. / He got very angry.
4, 宾语:是及物动词所涉及的对象,是动作的对象或承受者。一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如:
He is doing his homework. / I saw a plane in the sky just now. (名词)
They did nothing this morning.
I want three./ Please pass me the first. (数词)
She wants to go home.(不定式)
We enjoy playing football.(动名词)
【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语,间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有:give,buy, tell等。如:
He bought me a book yesterday
Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾)
②有的动词常用不定式作宾语,而不能用动名词。这类动词有:want,wish, hope等。如:
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I hope to see you again.
③有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语,而不用不定式。这类动词有:enjoy,practise等。如:
He practises speaking English every day.
I enjoy reading story books
④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。
a)stop to do(不定式为状语)表示“停下原来的事,去做另一件事”,stop doing表示“停止做某事”。如:
I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话。)
The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话。
注意:英语中带有宾语的谓语动词叫及物动词,不带宾语的叫不及物动词。及物动词后必须跟上宾语意义才完整,不及物动词本身意义已完整,后面不跟宾语。
You may use my pen. / Do you like fish? ( 及物)
Dick swims very well. / The sun rises in the east. (不及物)
不及物动词可加介词再加宾语
We are listening to the music.
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They are talking to each other.
既可以作及物动词又可以作不及物动词的词:
My mother teaches in this school. / She teaches English.
We are studying. / We study English.
We began our lesson at nine. / The lecture began at nine.
5. 直接宾语与间接宾语。
有些及物动词可带有两个宾语,其中一个指物(直接宾语),另一个指人(间接宾语)。我们称为双宾语。
动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)
He bought me a pen.
6. 定语:用于修饰名词或代词,一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如:
What a beautiful kite it is!/ They have a clever son.(形容词)
She is a math teacher..(名词)
There are two students in the classroom.(数词)
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This song is vey boring. (代词)
Do you know the young man over there? (副词)
We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)
The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语)
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