专题强化练(五） 阅读七选五
Passage 1(2019·山东临沂高三模拟）
The man who could see the future
The ability to predict the future is a rare talent。American author Isaac Asimov （1920—1992)， one of the great science fiction writers of his age, had such a talent。____1__Now that we’re here， let’s see what he got right。
____2__ Asimov thought computers would cause a revolution comparable to the industrial revolution of the 19th century。 Specifically， he said that “mobile computerized objects” would be an important part of everyday life.Here, he clearly predicted our world of smartphones， tables and other devices.He also had a great deal to say about space exploration。____3__
How did Asimov develop his special sense of future developments？__4__ He read the newspapers and magazines sold in his parents’ candy store.His scientific interest gained sharper focus at Columbia University in New York。Asimov went to study chemistry, but became bored with pure laboratory science。Instead, he thought hard about the social implications（作用） of science。He wanted to communicate his ideas to the public.
__5__ Asimov had his finger on the pulse（脉搏)of both scientific and social change.He had a clear vision of what was coming around the corner for humanity in his works like the Galactic Empire
series（《银河帝国系列》）．“His predictions are absolutely fascinating，” Calum Chase， an English
writer， told BBC News。“He was a genius。\"
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学必求其心得，业必贵于专精
A．As a smart boy, Asimov taught himself to read at the age of five。
B．Space exploration really can make our life more convenient and comfortable。
C．Back in 1983, he was asked to predict what the world would look like in 2019.
D．On the role that computing would play in the future, he was amazingly accurate.
E．Asimov has developed a great interest in computer programming since childhood。
F．As an author， his books would feature the theme of social change caused by technology.
G．The International Space Station proves his prediction that we would not simply visit space but seek to stay there.
【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文.短文介绍了科幻大师阿西莫夫和他的预言的准确性以及他是如何培养他对未来发展的特殊意识的.
1．解析:由“American author Isaac Asimov （1920—1992), one of the great science fiction writers of his age, had such a talent.____1__Now that we're here, let’s see what he got right.”可知,美国作家艾萨克·阿西莫夫(1920—1992)是他那个时代最伟大的科幻作家之一，他有这样一种天赋。以及后文“让我们看看他预测对了什么”可推知，空格处在本段中起承上启下的作用。故C选项“早在1983年，他就被要求预测2019年的世界会是什么样子\"承上启下。故C选项切题.
答案:C
2．解析：由“Asimov thought computers would cause a revolution comparable to the industrial
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学必求其心得，业必贵于专精
revolution of the 19th century”可知，阿西莫夫认为计算机将引发一场与19世纪工业革命相当的革命,根据第一段可知，下面是讲阿西莫夫预测的结果，故D选项“关于计算机在未来将所扮演的角色.他惊人准确地预测了”是说明他预测的计算机的结果，与本段内容符合，故D选项切题.
答案：D
3．解析：由“He also had a great deal to say about space exploration\"可知，关于太空探索，他也预测了。所以空格处要接着说他预言的结果。故G选项“国际空间站证明了他的预言，我们不仅要拜访太空,还要设法留在那里\"与太空探索相关，且是预测结果。故G选项切题。
答案：G
4．解析：由“He read the newspapers and magazines sold in his parents’ candy store”可知，他读了父母糖果店出售的报纸和杂志.所以空格处要与下一句一起来说明阿西莫夫是如何培养他对未来发展的特殊意识的。故A选项“作为一个聪明的孩子，阿西莫夫在五岁时就开始自学\"承上启下。故A选项切题。
答案：A
5．解析：由“Asimov had his finger on the pulse(脉搏) of both scientific and social change。He had a clear vision of what was coming around the corner for humanity in his works like the Galactic
Empire series（《银河帝国系列》)．‘His predictions are absolutely fascinating，’ Calum Chase， an
English writer, told BBC News。‘He was a genius.’”（阿西莫夫将手指放在科学和社会变革的脉搏上。他在《银河帝国》系列等作品中清楚地呈现了人类即将面临的困境。英国作家卡鲁姆·蔡斯对英国广播公司说:“他是个天才。\"）可知,本段主要在说作为一名作家，他的书以科技引起的社会变革为主题，故F选项“作为一名作家,他的书以科技引起的社会变革为主题”是本段主题句.故F选项切题。
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学必求其心得，业必贵于专精
答案：F
Passage 2(2019·河南新乡高三质量检测）
Why Stand in Line on Black Friday？
Standing in line is a pain.At the post office.At the box office.At a restaurant。__1__The first spot outside some Best Buy stores is usually claimed (认领） weeks in advance， often by a person in a tent.Shoppers at Walmart will print out maps of the store, with circles around their primary targets。__2__ “These queues are quite different than the usual annoying ones we come across day to day at the ATM or in the subway,\" said Richard Larson， a professor at MIT who has spent years studying line behavior.“Once a year，\" he said, “the lines are exciting。They’re the kind you might tell your grandchildren about。” ____3__ Billie LeClere， 45， was first in line on Thursday at Walmart in Manchester, Iowa。She said she was a regular Black Friday shopper。But this year, she came with a specific purpose： to get a good deal on a new TV。She and her husband had recently separated， and he had taken the old TV earlier that day。“The marriage died, not the TV，” she said.__4__ “It's going to be nice to have something that’s newer－and it’s mine, not his。”
__5__ The following are two of the typical results。The “gotta have it” atmosphere makes people more anxious.Sometimes the behaviour of the queue turns violent.Therefore，lines test patience，personal space especially on Black Friday， when the crowds can be overwhelming （势不可挡的)．
A．Shoppers are excited to buy gifts。
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学必求其心得，业必贵于专精
B．But on Black Friday， it’s an experience.
C．Moreover, the crowds are queuing for good deals.
D．Many families are queuing to chat with each other。
E．The experience gave her a sense of accomplishment.
F．They are trying to turn the experience into an adventure。
G．The behaviour of people in lines has inspired decades of research。
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了人们为什么要在黑色星期五排队.
1．解析：根据前面“Standing in line is a pain.At the post office。At the box office.At a restaurant。\"(排队是一种痛苦.在邮局、在售票处、在餐馆），可知,这里为转折关系。但在黑色星期五,这是一种体验。故选B。
答案：B
2．解析:根据前面“The first spot outside some Best Buy stores is usually claimed （认领） weeks in advance, often by a person in a tent.Shoppers at Walmart will print out maps of the store， with circles around their primary targets.”所举的百思买和沃尔玛两个例子可知，他们（购买者)试图把这次经历变成一次冒险.故选F。
答案:F
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学必求其心得，业必贵于专精
3．解析：根据后面举的例子及“But this year, she came with a specific purpose： to get a good deal on a new TV。”(但今年，她带着一个明确的目标来了：买一台便宜的新电视。）中的关键词a good deal提示可知，此外，人们正在排队买便宜货.故选C。
答案：C
4．解析:根据前句“‘The marriage died， not the TV,’ she said。”(她说：“婚姻结束了，而不是电视。”）和后句“It’s going to be nice to have something that’s newer－and it's mine， not his。” (要是能有个新鲜点的东西就好了——而且是我的，不是他的)可知，这次（购物)经历给了她一种成就感。故选E。
答案：E
5．解析：这里是本段的主题句.根据后句“The following are two of the typical results.”下面是两个典型的结果，可知，排队的人的行为引起了几十年的研究.故选G。
答案：G
Passage 3(2019·山东青岛高三模拟)
We all have days， or even weeks， on the job when our productivity declines.But if your output has been steadily decreasing, it could be because you're wasting time rather than focusing on key tasks at hand。__1__．
Turn off your cellphone
If you're eager to stop wasting time at the office， silence your cellphone.__2__．Turn on your phone only during breaks.
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学必求其心得，业必贵于专精
Organize your calendar
It’s easy to waste time when you don't have a preset schedule outlining your days at work。But if you’re guilty of not maximizing your time at the office, it'll help to create a daily calendar with blocks of time for various tasks。
Organize your space
____3__．If your desk is in a mess, carve out some time to get it organized。Throw away papers you don't need, file essential documents in some sort of order， and make your supplies more accessible。
Build in breaks
Sometimes we waste time at work by talking to colleagues， checking text messages, or surfing the internet because our minds need a break from the constant work.If that sounds like you, then you’d better schedule some breaks during the day but powering through otherwise。__4__．
The more time you waste at work, the more your manager and peers are likely to take notice—and that’s a good way to hurt your reputation and put your job at risk。__5__Doing so might save you from a busy night。
A．Ask your manager for permission to use his office.
B．Here are a few steps you can take to stop wasting time at work.
C．Instead, clean up your act and keep searching for ways to be more efficient。
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学必求其心得，业必贵于专精
D．Give family members and close friends a way to reach you in an emergency.
E．Conversations in the office are far more interesting than the work you are doing.
F．A messy workplace can make you inefficient even when you’re trying to do better.
G．This way, you'll get that need out of your system so you can then go back to concentrating。
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇社会类说明文。工作效率太低怎么办？试试这4种方法。
1．解析：根据前句“But if your output has been steadily decreasing， it could be because you're wasting time rather than focusing on key tasks at hand.”但如果你的产出效率在持续下降，可能是因为你在浪费时间而非专注于手头上的重要工作,及下文内容可知，这里为承上启下句，这有一些建议可以使你在工作中减少时间的浪费。故选B。
答案:B
2．解析：根据前句“If you're eager to stop wasting time at the office, silence your cellphone.”（当你不想在办公室继续浪费时间，那就关掉你的手机)和后句“Turn on your phone only during breaks.”(只在休息时间打开手机)，可知,在紧急情况下，给你的家人和亲密的朋友一个联系你的方法.故选D。
答案：D
3．解析：根据小标题Organize your space(整理你的空间)，和后句“If your desk is in a mess， carve out some time to get it organized。”(如果你的办公桌乱糟糟的,挤出点时间把它整理一下）,可知，即使你想做得更好，但凌乱的工作环境会让你效率低下。故选F。
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学必求其心得，业必贵于专精
答案：F
4．解析：根据前句“If that sounds like you, then you’d better schedule some breaks during the day but powering through otherwise.\"可知如果这听起来像你（的情况），那么你最好安排一些休息时间，这样，你就可以得到休息，同时也可以重新集中注意力.故选G。
答案：G
5．解析：根据前句“The more time you waste at work, the more your manager and peers are likely to take notice—and that’s a good way to hurt your reputation and put your job at risk.”（你在工作中浪费的时间越多，你的经理和同事就越容易注意到——这是一个伤害你声誉和使你的工作处于危险中的好方法），和后句“Doing so might save you from a busy night.”(这样做可能会让你从忙碌的夜晚中解脱出来)，可知，相反,清理你的行为，继续寻找更有效的方法.故选C。
答案：C
Passage 4（2019·深圳高三调研）
Learn to Cite Sources (引用资料)
During your university education, you’ll be exposed to ideas and scientific theories of scholars and scientists.Unavoidably, your own ideas will be shaped by the ideas you come across.__1__That means you should go beyond what you learn in your textbooks or in the library.Your original work is the basis for your professor’s evaluation of your performance。Thus, academic honesty is fundamental in your university education。It demands that you cite the source materials you base your own work on。__2__
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学必求其心得，业必贵于专精
Correctly citing your sources helps you distinguish your own ideas from those of other scholars。On the readers’ side， it permits a reader to determine the depth of your research。__3__ On the contrary， lack of citing will only raise your reader’s doubt。
So you need to learn when to cite and how to provide an adequate or accurate reference list。If you fail to cite your sources, whether deliberately or carelessly， you will be found responsible for plagiarism （抄袭） 。__4__ If you are not sure, ask your professor for guidance before submitting the paper or report.Keep in mind this general rule： when in doubt， cite！
__5__ For example, students from East Asia may think that copying directly from sources is the proper way to do research.Students in France， preparing for the final examination, may be encouraged to memorize whole passages and copy them into papers。Those cultural differences can lead to false assumptions about academic expectations in the country you study in.
A．Some university students may cheat in different ways.
B．These include other scholars’ ideas， figures, graphs and so on。
C．The academic challenge you face is to make something original.
D．Often， students want to use others’ opinions to support their own essays.
E．It also allows a reader to appreciate your original contribution to the research.
F．For international students， it is important to know local academic expectations.
G．Not knowing academic regulations is an unacceptable excuse for such behavior。
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学必求其心得，业必贵于专精
【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文.在大学期间,你将接触到学者和科学家思想和科学理论。不可避免的，你的想法会被你遇到的想法所影响.针对如何正确地引用原材料，文章进行了一些说明和建议。
1．解析：根据下文“That means you should go beyond what you learn in your textbooks or in the library.Your original work is the basis for your professor’s evaluation of your performance。\"（这意味着你应该超越你在课本或图书馆学到的东西.你的原创作品是教授评价你表现的基础.)可推测上文是提出:你所面对的学术挑战是要原创，故选C。
答案：C
2．解析：根据上文“It demands that you cite the source materials you base your own work on。”（它要求在基于你自己工作的基础上引用材料.)可知空处承接上文，应是说引用的内容：其他学者的想法，数字，图表等等。故选B.
答案:B
3．解析：根据上文“On the readers' side, it permits a reader to determine the depth of your research.”（在读者方面,它会让读者决定你的研究的深度。)可知是列举引用材料的优点，可对应到E选项：它也能让读者欣赏你对研究的原创性贡献。故选E。
答案：E
4．解析：根据下文“If you are not sure, ask your professor for guidance before submitting the paper or report.”(如果你不确定，在提交论文或报告之前向你的教授寻求指导.)可知上文中的不了解学术规章制度并不是抄袭的借口。故选G.
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学必求其心得，业必贵于专精
答案：G
5．解析：根据下文“For example， students from East Asia may think that copying directly from sources is the proper way to do research。”（例如，东亚的学生可能认为直接从资料中抄袭是做研究的正确方法）,可知本段是将对于国际学生来说，了解当地的学术规定是很重要的。故选F。
答案：F
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