初中被动语态讲解及配套练习
一、 主动语态与被动语态的概念：
注：☆及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。 例：⑴We listen to the teacher carefully in class. 主 谓 宾
→The teacher is listened to by us carefully in class. 主 谓 介词短语 ⑵Ｗe laughed at him . → He was laughed at by us.
二：注：我们初中主要掌握前面四种的用法
时 态 动词的被动形式 例 句 一般现在时 is done He is asked to do this.
一般过去时 was done The story was told by her mother. 一般将来时 will be done The problem will be discussed tomorrow. 现在进行时 is being done The novel is being written. 过去进行时 was being done At that time the desk was being made. 现在完成时 has been done The house has been built.
过去完成时 had been done They said that their work had been finished. 过去将来时 would be done He said the trees would be planted soon.
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三、 被动语态的各种句型：
１、 Ｔhe song is liked by young people. (肯定句) ２、 Ｔhe song isn’t liked by young people （否定句） ３、 Is the song liked by young people ? （一般疑问句）
４、 Who is the song liked by ?=By whom is the song liked? （特殊疑问句）
四、 主动语态改被动语态的方法： 方法分为三步：⑴把原句中的宾语改成主语
⑵动词改为变动形式be done(同时注意时态)
⑶原来的主语如果需要的话放在介词by后面，以指明做事的
人或物，如果没有必要则省去
例：The man killed a tiger.
→ A tiger was killed by the man .(改的过程中要注意时态和语态两个方面)
五、 特殊句型的被动语态：
1 含有使役动词（make /let /have）或感官动词（hear ,see, listen to ,look at ,find ,watch,feel等）的句子，在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带to的动词不定式，但是在改成被动语态时，则一定要把省去的to再加上去，另外help这一个词在主动语态中后面的动词不定式可以带to,也可不带to, 但在被动语态中也必须把to加上去。 例：①Mother often makes me do some housework. →I am often made to do some housework by mother. ②We saw him run into the classroom.
→He was seen to run into the classroom by us.
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带省to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+ sb + do sth . 口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去，被动语态to回来。 动词：make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watch make sb do sth ----sb + be +made +to do sth The boss made the workers work all day
The workers ______ ________ ____ work all day by the boss.
2 .带双宾语的被动语态：teach ,give ,pass ,show ,buy, tell 例：①Ｓhe gave me a pen.= She gave a pen to me. →I was given a pen by her. →A pen was given to me by her.
②My father bought me a new bike.= My father bought a new bike for me. →I was bought a new bike by my father. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
动词+ sb(间宾) +sth(直宾)
口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to /for 间宾连。 1).give / pass / show 与介词to 搭配。
give sb sth —— sb +be given sth 或 sth +be given +to sb . 2).buy / make / cook 与介词for 搭配。
buy sb sth —— sb +be bought + sth 或 sth +be bought +for sb He gave me a book
I ______ _________ a book by him. A book ____ ________ _____ me by him . My mother made me a cake .
I ____ ________ a cake by my mother A cake ____ _____ ____ me by my mother .
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3 由不及物动词（vi）+介词/副词＋宾语的句子改成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉。 例：①Ｗe should speak to old people politely.
→Old people should be spoken to politely ( by us). ②He took away the box.. →The box was taken away by him.
4. see /hear /notice /keep +sb +doing sth 句型中变被动语态时doing 不变。
I heard Tom singing just now Tom _____ ________ _____ by me just now .
5.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。 We should take care of the old . The old should ______ ________ _____ _____ . 有些词组没有被动语态：sell well , write well ,ride well ,drive well wash well
六、 没有被动语态的动词：
1. 没有被动语态的词， 表示状态或特征的及物动词如 cost, fit, have, suit等没有被动形式，另外，诸如happen = take place, break out(爆发)，break down(坏了) 等不及物动词或短语以及诸如result from(缘于)，belong to, consist of等只用主动语态，而不用被动语态
２不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态: appear, die ,disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread（传播）, stand, come true, fall asleep, ... ３.大多数系动词：be , feel (摸起来)，sound(听起来)，look(看起来)， smell(闻起来) taste（尝起来）等词无被动语态，它们的主动形式表示被动意义。 例：①Ｔhe skirt feels very soft. 这件裙子摸起来很柔软。 ②Many changes have happened in our hometown. ③The film lasted for 3 hours.
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一、单项选择：
( ) 1. English ____ in Canada.
A.speaks B.are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken ( ) 2. This English song___ by the girls after class.
A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung ( ) 3. This kind of car ___ in Japan.
A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made ( ) 4. New computers ___ all over the world.
A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used ( ) 5. Our room must ___ clean.
A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep ( ) 6. A new house ___ at the corner of the road.
A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building ( ) 7. Doctors ___ in every part of the world.
A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need ( ) 8. Japanese ___ in every country.
A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking ( ) 9. These papers___yet.
A. have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written ( ) 10. The sports meeting ___ be held until next week.
A. didn't B. won't C. isn't D. doesn't ( ) 11. ___ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it. A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are ( ) 12. ___ these desks be needed?
A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do ( ) 13. Why ___ to talk about it yesterday?
A. didn't a meeting hold B. wasn't a meeting held C. wasn't held a meeting D. a meeting wasn't held ( ) 14. Who was the book___?
A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by ( ) 15. Where ___ these boxes made?
A. was B. were C. is D. am ( ) 16. The flowers___often.
A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water ( ) 17. The books may___ for two weeks.
A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow ( ) 18. The teacher made him___ his homework.
A. to do B. do C. did D. done ( ) 19. The boy___ streets without paying in the old days.
A. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to clean D. was made clean ( ) 20. These children____dance.
A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to ( ) 21. Great changes___ in the past ten years in China.
A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place ( ) 22. Great changes___in our country during the past 20 years.
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A. have happened B. happened C. have been happened D. were happened ( ) 23. Please pass me another cup. This one___.
A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken ( ) 24. The story books___ by the writer in the 1960s.
A. are written B. were written C. are writing D. were writing ( ) 25. What time ___ the door ___ every day?
A. does; closed B. does; close C. is; closed D. /; close ( ) 26. The apple___very sweet.
A. is tasted B. taste C. tastes D. are tasting ( ) 27. You___ more beautiful in the light blue shirt.
A. see B. watch C. look D. look at ( ) 28..How dirty the tables are! They need___.
A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned ( ) 29. The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.
A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended ( ) 30. The old bridge in my hometown___ next month.
A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt ‘ C. are going to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt ( ) 31. The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday.
A. is going to be shown B. will shown C. will show D. is shown ( ) 32. Now these magazines___ in the library for a long time.
A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept ( ) 33. Tea ___ in the south of China.
A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow ( ) 34. Wet clothes are often ___ up near a fire in rainy weather. A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung
( ) 35. The river smells terrible. People must ___ dirty things into it. A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing ( ) 36. Old people must be looked after well and ___ politely.
A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to ( ) 37. Old people must ___.
A. look after well B. be looked well after C. looked well after D. be looked after well ( ) 38. Jane ___ to sing us an American song last Saturday.
A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said ( ) 39. I ___ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.
A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given ( ) 40. Really ? Jim the monitor?
A. Did, choose to be B. Was, chosen to be C. Has, chosen to be D. Were, chosen to be
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被动语态配套练习
一、单项选择。
( )1. One or two man-made satellites ______ in our country every year.
A. have been sent up B. will be sent up C. is sent up D. are sent up
( )2. Our TV set _____ yesterday.
A. is repaired B. was repaired C. had been repaired D. would be repaired
( )3. A new building _____ in our school next year. A. will be built B. is built C. is being built D. has been built
( )4. Many books on science _____ since I went to college.
A. were bought B. have been bought C, will be bought D. are bought
( )5. A wonderful English talk _____ by Mr Liu tomorrow.
A. has been given B. is given C. is being given D. will be given
( )6. How _____ the Great Pyramid (金字塔)____ many years ago without modern machines. A. is…built B. would…be built C. have…been built D. was…built
( ) Food and clothes ____ by women.
A is often talk about B. are often talked C. are often talked about D. often talked about
( )8. _____ the work _____ yet ?
A. is…finished B. Will…be finished
C. Has …been finished D. Would…be finished
( )9.Such films _____ by children like you.
A. must be not seen B. must not be see C. must not seen D. must not be seen
( )10.Trees _____ in winter but in spring.
A. not can be planted B. can be not planted C. can’t be planted D. can not be plant
( )11.This kind of cars ____ in Japan ten years ago.
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A. can only be made B. could only made
C. be could only made D. could only be made
( ) 12.Jack often does things foolishly, so he ____ sometimes _____ by others.
A. is…laughed B. is …laughed at
C. was…laughed D. has…been laughed at
( )13.The bear ______ to the zoo tomorrow morning.
A. may be send B. may is sent C. may be sent D. is may sent
( )14. In the past ten year, a lot of new buildings _____ in our city. . A. are put up B. have put up
C. have been put D. have been put up
( )15. Such films _____ by children like you.
A. must be not seen B. must not be see
C. must not seen D. must not be seen
二、用所给动词的正确时态和语态填空。
1. Some top students _____(send) to study in foreign countries once a year. 2.More and more schools ___________(build) here later.
3. Where are the apples? I think they _______(eat) by those boys. 4.Many new things __________(invent) in the last ten years. 5.All the shoes __________(sell) out last week. 6.How long _______ the book _________(can keep)?
7. Tom _______ (hide) his shoes behind the tree. So they _________(not find) easily. 8.The babies here _________(take) good care of every day.
9. We ______(open) the box and two new coats ______(see) in it. 10. His new novel _______ (finish) next week.
三 根据短文意思填空
English ______(be) very widely ______(use). It ________(speak) by people in England, the United States, Australia, and many other countries. It ________(be) one of the working languages at international meetings. Most international business letters ___________(write) in English. And quite a few books and magazines ___________(write) in English, too. If you __________(know) English, you _________(find) you can ________(enjoy) so many books. English _______(be) really a bridge to so much knowledge.
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一、单项选择
1—5: DDDCB 6—10: BCABB 11—15: BABDB 16—20: BABAA 21--25: BAABC 26--30: CCCDA 31--35: ADBDB 36—40: DDBDB
参考答案
一、 1---5 DBABD 6---10 二、 1. are sent ill be built
3. have been eaten 5. were sold n… be kept
7. hid, aren’t found 9. opened, are seen 三 . is ，used, is spoken ,is , are written, are 精彩文档
DCCDC 11---15 DBCDD 2. w 4. have been invented 6. ca 8. are taken 10. will be finished
written, knew, will find , enjoy,
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is.
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